Petrovice u Karviné

Petrovice u Karviné  (1920–1952: Petrovice)[2] (Polish: Piotrowice koło Karwiny; German: Petrowitz bei Freistadt) is a village in Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region, Czech Republic. The village lies five kilometers north of the city centre of Karviná, on the border with Poland, in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia. The Petrůvka River flows through the village and enters the Olza River in Závada.

Petrovice u Karviné

Piotrowice koło Karwiny
Village
Church of Saint Martin
Flag
Coat of arms
Petrovice u Karviné
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 49°53′46″N 18°32′38″E
Country Czech Republic
RegionMoravian-Silesian
DistrictKarviná
First mentioned1335
Village parts
4
Government
 • MayorMarian Lebiedzik
Area
 • Total20.47 km2 (7.90 sq mi)
Elevation
212 m (696 ft)
Population
 (2019-01-01[1])
 • Total5,407
 • Density260/km2 (680/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
735 72
Websitewww.petroviceuk.cz

Administrative parts

Formerly independent villages of Dolní Marklovice, Prstná and Závada are since 1952 administratively part of Petrovice.

Etymology

The name of the village is patronymic in origin, derived from the personal name Petr/Piotr (locally Pieter), ending alternately with typically Slavic -(ow/ov)ice or with German -dorf meaning village.[3]

History

The village was first mentioned in a written document as a seat of a Catholic parish in an incomplete register of Peter's Pence payment from 1335 as villa Petri[4][lower-alpha 1][5] and as such the parish was one of the oldest in the region. It was again mentioned in the register of Peter's Pence payment from 1447 among the 50 parishes of Teschen deanery as Petirsdorff.[6]

Politically the village belonged initially to the Duchy of Teschen, formed in 1290 in the process of feudal fragmentation of Poland and was ruled by a local branch of Silesian Piast dynasty. In 1327 the duchy became a fee of the Kingdom of Bohemia, which after 1526 became a part of the Habsburg Monarchy.

After the 1540s Protestant Reformation prevailed in the Duchy of Teschen and a local Catholic church was taken over by Lutherans. It was taken from them (as one from around fifty buildings in the region) by a special commission and given back to the Roman Catholic Church on 14 April 1654.[7]

After the Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire, a modern municipal division was introduced in the re-established Austrian Silesia. The village as a municipality was subscribed at least since 1880 to political district and legal district of Freistadt.

According to the censuses conducted in 1880, 1890, 1900 and 1910 the population of the municipality grew from 1,022 in 1880 to 1,444 in 1910. In terms of the language spoken colloquially the majority were Polish-speakers (at least 82.8% in 1880, at most 91.3% in 1900), accompanied by German-speakers (at least 6.7% in 1900, at most 15% in 1880) and Czech-speakers (at most 2.6% in 1910). In terms of religion, in 1910 the majority were Roman Catholics (1,410 or 97.6%), followed by Protestants (20 or 1.4%) and Jews (14 or 1%).[8] The village was also traditionally inhabited by Silesian Lachs, speaking Cieszyn Silesian dialect.

After World War I, the fall of Austria-Hungary, the Polish–Czechoslovak War and the division of Cieszyn Silesia in 1920, the village became a part of Czechoslovakia. Following the Munich Agreement, in October 1938 together with the Zaolzie region it was invaded by Polish army and annexed by Poland, administratively organised in Frysztat County of Silesian Voivodeship.[9] The village was then annexed by Nazi Germany at the beginning of World War II. After the war it was restored to Czechoslovakia.

Demography

It has a population of around 5,400, which makes it the largest municipality in the Czech Republic without the town status. 13% of the population are the ethnic Poles, 1,2% are Slovaks and also 1,2% Silesians. Around 22,7% of the population is religious (mostly Roman-Catholic), which is about the double of the national average.[10]

Transport

The village is a site of an important railway border crossing to Zebrzydowice in Poland and it has also three road border crossings, as well as numerous tourist and bicycle routes border crossings.

Landmarks
  • Memorial of Czechoslovak pilots Bílka and Slatinský, whose plane was shot down over Petrovice in World War II in Závada
  • Saint Martin Church in Petrovice
  • Ascension of the Lord Church in Dolní Marklovice
  • Empire Chateau in Prstná
  • Motocross racetrack
  • BMX racetrack

Notes
  1. Other sources claim that the village was first mentioned in 1305 as Petri villa, however there is no such settlement listed in Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis where it was supposed to be.

References
  1. "Population of municipalities of the Czech republic". Czech Statistical Office. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  2. Hosák, Ladislav; Rudolf Šrámek (1980). Místní jména na Moravě a ve Slezsku II, M-Ž. Praha: Academia. p. 238.
  3. Mrózek, Robert (1984). Nazwy miejscowe dawnego Śląska Cieszyńskiego [Local names of former Cieszyn Silesia] (in Polish). Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach. pp. 138, 246. ISSN 0208-6336.
  4. Ptaśnik, Jan (1913). Monumenta Poloniae Vaticana T.1 Acta Camerae Apostolicae. Vol. 1, 1207-1344. Cracoviae: Sumpt. Academiae Litterarum Cracoviensis. p. 366.
  5. Panic, Idzi (2010). Śląsk Cieszyński w średniowieczu (do 1528) [Cieszyn Silesia in Middle Ages (until 1528)] (in Polish). Cieszyn: Starostwo Powiatowe w Cieszynie. pp. 312, 396. ISBN 978-83-926929-3-5.
  6. "Registrum denarii sancti Petri in archidiaconatu Opoliensi sub anno domini MCCCCXLVII per dominum Nicolaum Wolff decretorum doctorem, archidiaconum Opoliensem, ex commissione reverendi in Christo patris ac domini Conradi episcopi Wratislaviensis, sedis apostolice collectoris, collecti". Zeitschrift des Vereins für Geschichte und Alterthum Schlesiens (in German). Breslau: H. Markgraf. 27: 361–372. 1893. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
  7. Broda, Jan (1992). "Materiały do dziejów Kościoła ewangelickiego w Księstwie Cieszyńskim i Państwie Pszczyńskim w XVI i XVII wieku". Z historii Kościoła ewangelickiego na Śląsku Cieszyńskim (in Polish). Katowice: Dom Wydawniczy i Księgarski „Didache“. pp. 259–260. ISBN 83-85572-00-7.
  8. Piątkowski, Kazimierz (1918). Stosunki narodowościowe w Księstwie Cieszyńskiem (in Polish). Cieszyn: Macierz Szkolna Księstwa Cieszyńskiego. pp. 274, 291.
  9. "Ustawa z dnia 27 października 1938 r. o podziale administracyjnym i tymczasowej organizacji administracji na obszarze Ziem Odzyskanych Śląska Cieszyńskiego". Dziennik Ustaw Śląskich (in Polish). Katowice. nr 18/1938, poz. 35. 31 October 1938. Retrieved 1 July 2014.
  10. "2011 census data". Czech Statistical Office.
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