People's Liberation Army Special Operations Forces

The PLA's interest in modern special warfare was first noted in the mid-1980s when it was shifting its military stance from a "people's war" to "fighting a local war under hi-tech conditions." The PLA planners believed that the next war would be a short, fast-paced conflict on the periphery rather than a total war on Chinese territory, and that conventional infantry-orientated ground forces would no longer meet their requirements. Additionally, the PLA's combat experience from the 1979 and 1980s border conflicts with Vietnam, where Vietnamese special forces caused substantial trouble to the Chinese forces, demonstrated the value of special units.

On 23 December 2008, their first publicly known mission was to accompany three Chinese warships in protecting and escorting commercial ships against Somali pirates, in cooperation with other nations as part of a UN mandate.[1]

People's Liberation Army Navy Special Operation Forces

• Beijing Military Region – "Oriental Sword". All 3,000 soldiers in this unit can complete all types of operations and are regarded as the elite arm of the country.[2]
• Beijing Military Region Special Forces Unit – "Arrow". Established in the early 1990s, this unit is equipped with high-tech equipment including unmanned aerial reconnaissance vehicles (UARVs), individual blast devices and handheld laser dazzling weapons. Every soldier from this unit must be able to run five kilometers bearing heavy equipment in under 25 minutes, complete a 400-meter obstacle course in under one minute and 45 seconds, perform 100 push-ups in a minute, and repeatedly throw grenades more than 50 metres (160 ft).[3]
• Guangzhou Military Region Special Forces Unit – "South Blade" or "South China Sword". This unit was established in 1988 as the PLA's first special reconnaissance group. It was expanded in 2000 to become the first PLA special operations unit to be capable of air-, sea-, and land-operations, similar to U.S. Navy SEALs. Basic training for this unit includes cross-country running, climbing, swimming and shooting. The soldiers must also be familiar with operating 15 advanced technologies including GPS navigation, night vision, and photo reconnaissance.[3]
• Chengdu Military Region Special Forces Unit – Falcon. Established in 1992, this unit is specialized in target locating and indicating, airborne insertion, sabotage and offensive strikes, and emergency evacuation. The unit was also used by Chengdu Military Region to experiment with new advanced concept equipment and tactics, including the digitized army soldier system and high-mobility land weapon platforms.
• Shenyang Military Region Special Forces Unit – Siberian Tiger". This unit is trained to complete missions on the ground and in the air and water, as well as surviving in the wilderness alone or in small groups. The unit is said to place special focus on survival skills; it often breaks protocol by increasing this training by two-thirds, forcing soldiers to spend three to four months in difficult environments such as forests, mountains, deserts and grasslands with no man-made shelter or food. Soldiers in the unit are trained on multiple transport vehicles for roads, railroads, waterways, and in the air. Individual members of the unit have reportedly completed parachute landings more than 5,000 times and logged scuba diving training of more than 1,000 hours.[3]
• Nanjing Military Region Special Forces Unit – Flying Dragon. This is the special land force of east China's Nanjing Military Region.
• Nanjing Military Region Special Forces Unit – Oscar.
• Lanzhou Military Region Special Forces Unit – Night Tiger. This unit has a long history, with its origins dating back to World War II. It is the home of China's first counter-terrorism unit, established in 2000.[3]
• Jinan Military Region Special Forces Unit – Eagle. Soldiers from this unit are said to focus on training to enhance cardiovascular endurance, including being able to run at least 3,300 meters in under 12 minutes. They also reportedly engage in hand-to-hand combat training and the traditional Chinese health and martial arts practice of Qigong.[3] Soldiers of the Eagle special force can complete sea-air-land operations,[2] in a similar way to the U.S. Navy SEALs.
• The Southwest China Falcon is a special forces unit in Sichuan. It is also known as Hunting Leopards.[2][4]
• Leishen (Thundergod) Commando Airborne Force is trained for reconnaissance operations for the PLA's airborne units. It is capable of performing strategic deterrence, combat assault, and task operations under IT-based conditions. Members of this unit recently attended the Golden Owl-2015 International Competition of Special Forces held in Kazakhstan, and won first place.[5][6] Representatives also attended the Russia International Army Games in 2015 where they took first place in the Airborne Platoon competition. Ten teams, from Kazakhstan, Belarus, China, Russia, Indonesia and Singapore, attended the competition.[7]
• Sea Dragon is the People's Liberation Army Navy commando force. Members of this force are equipped with black uniforms. Its first publicly known mission was to accompany three Chinese warships in protecting and escorting commercial ships against Somali pirates in December 2008, in cooperation with other nations as part of a UN mandate. Since then, the unit has participated in anti-piracy missions in the Gulf of Aden for over 300 days.[3] Sea Dragon's Jiaolong Assault Team helped evacuate 225 foreign nationals and almost 600 Chinese citizens from Yemen's southern port of Aden during late March 2015, during the Yemeni Civil War.[8]
• Mountain Eagle Commando Unit is a police tactical unit of the People's Armed Police, tasked with counter-terrorism, riot control, and other special tasks such as anti-Aircraft hijacking and bomb disposal in Xinjiang Autonomous Region.
• Snow Leopard Commando Unit, formerly known as the Snow Wolf Commando Unit (SWCU), is a police tactical unit of the People's Armed Police of tasked with counter-terrorism, riot control, and other special tasks such as anti-hijacking and bomb disposal. The SLCU was tasked with many of the security responsibilities of the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics.[9]

• 2009 international military competitions in Slovakia – 8-first places, 6-second places in 13 individual competition events.[10]
• Third place in the 2010 Sniper World Cup and first place in the 2011 Sniper World Cup.[11]
• Best overall performance at the fifth and sixth Warrior Competition, organized by the Jordan Armed Forces at the King Abdullah II Special Operations Training Centre.[12][13]
• Chinese Special Forces took first place at the 2013 fifth International Warrior Competition, organized by the Jordan Armed Forces at the King Abdullah II Special Operations Training Centre.[12]
• Chinese Special Forces took first, second, and fourth place at 2014 Olympics for Elite Warriors.[14]
• Chinese Thor (Leishen) Commando Airborne troops participated in the Golden Owl-2015 International Competition of Special Forces held in Kazakhstan, taking first place.[5][6] They also attended the Russia International Army Games in 2015 where they took first place in the "Airborne Platoon" competition.[7]
• China's Sky Sword Unit placed first in the ninth edition of the 2017 Annual Warrior Competition in Amman, Jordan.[15] China's Falcon Commando Unit placed third overall in the competition.[15] Thirty-one teams from seventeen nations participated in the competition.
• China' Snow Leopards team placed second in the tenth edition of the 2018 Annual Warrior Competition in Amman, Jordan.[16]

• http://english.chinamil.com.cn/news-channels/china-military-news/2015-07/10/content_6581621.htm
• https://web.archive.org/web/20160701042345/http://220.181.168.86/NewJsp/news.jsp?fileId=305427
• http://english.chinamil.com.cn/news-channels/china-military-news/2015-08/06/content_6617856.htm
• http://www.popsci.com/which-latin-american-country-did-china-just-send-commandos
• Sinodefence.com
• http://www.china.org.cn/top10/2014-12/18/content_34348497.htm
• http://drrichswier.com/2014/05/27/u-s-special-operations-forces-special/
• http://english.chinamil.com.cn/news-channels/china-military-news/2015-07/10/content_6581621.htm