Pat Toomey

Patrick Joseph Toomey Jr. (born November 17, 1961)[1] is an American businessman and politician serving as the junior United States Senator from Pennsylvania since 2011.[2] A member of the Republican Party, he served three terms as the U.S. Representative for Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district, from 1999 to 2005; to honor a pledge he had made while running for office in 1998, he did not seek a fourth term.[3]

Pat Toomey
United States Senator
from Pennsylvania
Assumed office
January 3, 2011
Serving with Bob Casey Jr.
Preceded byArlen Specter
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania's 15th district
In office
January 3, 1999 – January 3, 2005
Preceded byPaul McHale
Succeeded byCharlie Dent
Personal details
Born
Patrick Joseph Toomey Jr.

(1961-11-17) November 17, 1961
Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouse(s)
Kris Ann Duncan (m. 1997)
Children3
ResidenceZionsville, Pennsylvania, U.S.
Alma materHarvard University (AB)
Signature
WebsiteSenate website

A former Wall Street banker,[4] Toomey narrowly lost the Republican primary for United States Senate in 2004. From 2005 to 2009, he served as president of the Club for Growth.[5] After becoming the Republican nominee in the 2010 U.S. Senate election in Pennsylvania, Toomey was elected to the seat on November 2, 2010, defeating the Democratic nominee, former U.S. Navy Three-star admiral and Congressman Joe Sestak.[6]

Toomey was reelected to the Senate on November 8, 2016, defeating Democratic nominee Katie McGinty in the general election.[7]

Early life and education
Pat and his wife Kris Toomey in 1999

Toomey was born in Providence, Rhode Island, the third of six children of Catholic parents, Mary Ann (née Andrews) of East Providence and Patrick Joseph Toomey of Providence. His father was a union worker who laid cable for the Narragansett Electric Company, and his mother worked as a part-time secretary at St. Martha's Catholic Church.[8]

Toomey was a member of the Boy Scouts of America and attained the organization's highest rank, Eagle Scout.[9] His father was of Irish descent and his mother of Portuguese ancestry. His maternal great-grandparents were all born in the Azores.[10]

Toomey attended La Salle Academy on scholarship,[11] participating in the Close Up Washington civic education program. He graduated as valedictorian of his high school class.[12] He graduated from Harvard College in 1984 with an A.B. in government.

Early career

After graduation, Toomey was hired by Chemical Bank, where he was involved in currency swap transactions. In 1986, he was hired by Morgan, Grenfell & Co., where he dealt in multiple foreign currencies, interest rates, and currency-related derivatives.[13]

In 1991, Toomey resigned from Morgan, Grenfell when it was acquired by Deutsche Bank. He later said he resigned out of concern that Deutsche Bank would impose a less flexible and entrepreneurial work environment. The same year, Toomey and two younger brothers, Steven and Michael, opened Rookie's Restaurant in Allentown, Pennsylvania.[13]

In 1994, Toomey was elected to Allentown's newly established Government Study Commission. During his term, he drafted a new charter for the commission requiring a supermajority for any tax increase.[14] Allentown voters approved the charter on April 23, 1996.[15]

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections
1998
Congressman Toomey's Official Portrait.

In 1998, Toomey ran for the Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district, based in the Lehigh Valley region, after Democratic incumbent U.S. Representative Paul McHale decided to retire.[3] Toomey won the six-candidate Republican primary with 27% of the vote.[16]

In the general election, Toomey faced Roy C. Afflerbach, State Senator and former state representative. During the campaign, Toomey criticized the agenda of the Clinton-Gore administration, especially its plans to modify the Internal Revenue Service. He said the plan did not "address the real fundamental problems plaguing American taxpayers" and said the IRS should be abolished.[17]

Later in the campaign, Toomey and Afflerbach debated the effectiveness of a flat tax-based system, an issue on which they sharply disagreed.[18] Toomey promised to serve no more than three terms if elected.[19] He defeated Afflerbach, 55%–45%.[20]

2000

Toomey was reelected to a second term, defeating Ed O'Brien, president of the Bethlehem-based United Steelworkers Local 2598,[21] 53%–47%. He won Lehigh County with 54% and Northampton with 51%.[22]

2002

Toomey was reelected to a third term, defeating O'Brien again, 57%–43%. He won Lehigh with 58% and Northampton with 54%.[23]

2004

In accordance with his 1998 pledge not to serve more than three terms in the House, Toomey did not run for reelection in 2004. He decided to challenge incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Arlen Specter in the primary instead.[3]

Tenure

Toomey served as the U.S. Representative for Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district from 1999 to 2005. In the House, he distinguished himself as a fiscal expert. He pushed to decrease government spending and to set aside money for debt reduction.[19]

In 2001, Toomey proposed a budget that would cut taxes worth $2.2 trillion over ten years, exceeding Bush's $1.6 trillion plan.[24]

In 2002, Toomey voted in favor of the Iraq Resolution, which authorized military action against Iraq.[25]

Toomey strongly opposed Bush's plan for illegal immigration, saying "I think it's a slap in the face for the millions of people throughout the world who decide to take the effort to legally enter our country."[26] He was a longtime supporter of creating Medicare Part D, but said he would not vote for it unless it lowered costs and guaranteed competition between government and private insurers.[27]

Committee assignments
  • House Budget Committee[28]

U.S. Senate

Elections
2004
Main article: 2004 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania
Toomey speaking at CPAC in March 2014.

In 2004, Toomey, challenged longtime incumbent Senator Arlen Specter in the Republican primary election. Aided by $2 million of advertising from the Club for Growth, Toomey's election campaign theme was that Specter was not a conservative, especially on fiscal issues. Most of the state's Republican establishment supported Specter, including Pennsylvania's other U.S. Senator, Rick Santorum, and President George W. Bush. Specter defeated Toomey by 1.6 percentage points, about 17,000 votes out of over one million cast.[29]

2010
Main article: 2010 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

On April 15, 2009, Toomey announced his intention to again challenge Specter in the 2010 Republican primary.[30]

On April 28, 2009, Specter announced that he was switching parties and would run as a Democrat, after polls showed him losing to Toomey in the primary.[31] Specter's withdrawal left Toomey as the front-runner for the 2010 Republican nomination.[32] Both primaries were held on May 18, 2010.

Toomey defeated Peg Luksik in the Republican primary, 81%–19%,[33] and Specter lost the Democratic primary, 54%–46%, to U.S. Representative Joe Sestak of Delaware County. The general election was spiteful[34] and cost over $50 million, including spending by the candidates, political parties, and outside groups.[35][36] Toomey won 51%–49%, carrying most of the state's counties.

Toomey's 112th Congress portrait
2016
Main article: 2016 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania

Toomey ran for reelection to the Senate in 2016. He was endorsed by the Club for Growth.[37] He was unopposed in the Republican primary and won the general election[38][39] with 48.9% of the vote, to Democratic nominee Kathleen McGinty's 47.2% and Libertarian challenger Ed Clifford's 3.85%.[40]

Tenure

Toomey, the first Lehigh Valley resident to serve as United States Senator from Pennsylvania since Richard Brodhead in the mid-19th century,[41] was elected to the United States Senate on November 2, 2010. His term began on January 3, 2011. He joined the Congressional Hispanic Conference, a caucus of which he was an original member in his days in the House.[42]

On August 11, 2011, Senate minority leader Mitch McConnell named Toomey to the United States Congress Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction. The committee's duties included composing a package of spending cuts for submission to both Houses of Congress.[43]

On April 26, 2012, Toomey was selected to succeed Jim DeMint of South Carolina as chairman of the United States Senate Steering Committee, a caucus of several Republican Senators who collaborate on legislation. DeMint had previously expressed his intention to transfer the committee's chairmanship to a member of the Republican 2010 Senate class.[44]

Some activists have criticized Toomey for purportedly not meeting with his constituents enough, including never having held an in-person town hall in Philadelphia,[45] despite carrying out at least 47 "teleconference town-hall meetings" with his constituents.[46]

In February 2019, Toomey was one of 16 senators to vote against legislation preventing a partial government shutdown and containing $1.375 billion for barriers along the U.S.-Mexico border that included 55 miles of fencing.[47]

In March 2019, Toomey was one of 12 Republican senators to cosponsor a resolution that would impose a constitutional amendment limiting the Supreme Court to nine justices. The resolution was introduced after multiple Democratic presidential candidates expressed openness to the idea of expanding the Supreme Court.[48]

On April 17, 2020, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell appointed Toomey to the COVID-19 Congressional Oversight Commission to oversee the implementation of the CARES Act.[49]

Committee assignments

Political positions
U.S. Senate candidate Pat Toomey addresses the Philadelphia Tea Party on April 18, 2009.

Education

Toomey has strongly supported increased public spending on charter schools.[50] In 2017, he supported Betsy DeVos as President Trump's pick for Secretary of Education despite criticism that she lacked the knowledge and background for the job. At the time of the vote, Toomey had received $60,500[51] from the DeVos family during his career. There were weekly protests[52] at his office, and high numbers of calls[53]/faxes[54]/emails were noted.[55]

Environment

During Toomey's tenure in Congress, he supported legislation that would speed up approval of forest-thinning projects in areas at high risk of wildfire, disease, or pest infestation. In 2003, he supported opening the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil drilling and development, opposed implementing the Kyoto Protocol, and opposed legislation that would mandate increased vehicle fuel efficiency standards and provide incentives for alternative fuels.[56]

In 2010, Toomey said, "I think it's clear that [climate change] has happened. The extent to which that has been caused by human activity I think is not as clear. I think that is still very much disputed and has been debated".[57] In 2011, he voted to limit the Environmental Protection Agency's ability to regulate greenhouse gas emissions.[58]

In 2013, Toomey voted for a point of order opposing a carbon tax or a fee on carbon emissions.[59] In 2015, he voted against the Clean Power Plan.[60]

In a series of roll-call votes attached to debate about the Keystone pipeline on January 21, 2015, Toomey voted against an amendment offered by Brian Schatz[61] expressing the sense of Congress regarding climate change but in favor of a similar amendment offered by John Hoeven.[62]

Government shutdown

In 2013, Toomey was one of 18 senators to vote against the bill to reopen the government during the United States government shutdown of 2013. Of his vote, he said: "The one major redeeming aspect of this bill is that it reopens the government ... But I cannot support piling hundreds of billions of dollars of debt on current and future generations of Americans without even a sliver of reform to start putting our fiscal house in order."[63][64]

National security

Toomey supports temporary suspension of immigrants from countries that he describes as terrorist "safe havens." He supported Trump's 2017 executive order to impose a temporary ban on entry to the U.S. to citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries.[65]

Deregulation

Toomey is a strong supporter of banking deregulation. In 2019 The Washington Post reported, "10 of his 17 biggest campaign contributors are financial company officials."[66]

Regarding deregulation of the financial services industry, Toomey said in 1999, "The trend in deregulation, beginning in the early 1980s, is one of the biggest reasons for the sustained economic expansion. I would like to see us continue to deregulate on many fronts, including the financial services industry."[13]

While serving on the House Banking Committee, in 1999 Toomey helped write House Resolution 10, which led to the repeal of parts of the Depression-era Glass-Steagall Act.[14] The repeal of the Act, which had regulated the separation of banks and investment firms, allowed for companies that combined banking and investment operations.

Toomey was also a supporter of the deregulation of the derivatives market, an area in which he had professional experience, stating that he believed the market to be adequately regulated by banking supervisors and state-level regulators.[67][68] He pressed the House to pass the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 because it would "eliminate most of the cloud of legal and regulatory uncertainty that has shadowed" derivatives since their invention. He stated that he hoped that the Senate would modify the bill to "allow greater flexibility in the electronic trading" of over-the-counter derivatives.[67]

Toomey was a leading sponsor of the JOBS Act, which passed the Senate in March 2012. The Act would reduce costs for businesses that go public by phasing in SEC regulations for "emerging growth companies" over a five-year period. It would also help startup companies raise capital by reducing some SEC regulations.[69]

Toomey orchestrated legislation to repeal consumer protection measures enacted by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau which had been intended to prevent auto lenders from discriminating on the basis of race.[70]

Gun policy

In 2013, in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, Toomey and Democratic Senator Joe Manchin introduced legislation that would have required a background check for most gun sales. The legislation failed, and failed again when it was reintroduced in 2015.[71] In 2016, Toomey voted against a bill that would prohibit gun purchases by people on the no-fly list.[72] Toomey opposed President Obama's executive orders on gun control as contrary to the constitutional system of checks and balances, but believes Congress should pass background checks. He received nearly $93,000 from gun-rights groups, including the National Rifle Association, but earned a poor rating (a "C") from the NRA after he started championing background check legislation.[73][74]

LGBT issues

In 2004, Toomey said he believes society should give special benefits only to couples who meet the "traditional" definition of marriage as "one man, one woman."[75] He voted in 2004 to amend the U.S. Constitution to ban same-sex marriage.[56][76]

In 2010, Toomey supported the repeal of Don't ask, don't tell, a policy that banned openly gay or bisexual persons from serving in the military, in a statement made while he was Senator-elect.[77]

In November 2013, Toomey proposed an amendment exempting private religious entities from following the Employment Non-Discrimination Act.[78] The amendment failed. After the bill received the 60 votes required for cloture, Toomey cast his vote in support.[79][80]

Following the cloture vote, Toomey said he had long believed that more legal protections are appropriate to prevent employment discrimination based on sexual orientation, but planned to modify the bill to offer religious groups more "leeway".[80]

In 2015, Toomey voiced his disagreement with the Supreme Court decision finding same-sex marriage bans unconstitutional.[81]

Healthcare

Toomey opposed the passage of the Medicare Prescription Drug Act, which he argued was fiscally irresponsible.[82] His 2012 budget proposal called for turning Medicaid into a block grant to states and cutting federal funding for the program in half by 2021, which exceeded even the budget cuts proposed by Paul Ryan.[83]

Toomey opposes the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), and has supported multiple efforts to dismantle, repeal or defund it.[84]

Toomey intervened to have Sarah Murnaghan, a 10-year-old girl dying of cystic fibrosis at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, moved ahead of other recipients in obtaining a lung transplant, on the grounds that the existing policy reduced access for children.[85] As a 10-year-old, Murnaghan was eligible for transplants only from other children, not from adults, leading to a longer waiting time than adult patients.[86] Some doctors said this decision privileged Murnaghan and another child over other recipients, and privileged them above a national policy of allocating organs according to well-established rules.[87] Murnaghan's case resulted in a permanent organ transplant policy change for pediatric patients.[88]

In 2017, as Republicans tried to repeal Obamacare, Toomey said the independent insurance market was in a "death spiral" because of the ACA, a common Republican talking point even though there was no death spiral.[89] Toomey helped write the Republican bill to repeal Obamacare.[90][91]

Taxes and government spending

Toomey advocates for replacing graduated taxes based upon income levels with a flat tax.[18] He also favors abolishing the IRS,[17] and has voted to reduce the capital gains tax, eliminate the estate tax, cut small business taxes, eliminate the "marriage penalty", cut federal income taxes and corporate taxes, and expand tax credits.[56]

Toomey publicly opposed the 2009 federal stimulus package.[92] He opposes government-run or subsidized healthcare, and farm subsidies.[93]

In 2011, Toomey sponsored a federal balanced budget amendment.[94] He supported extending unemployment benefits and offsetting the cost with reduced government spending in other areas.[19]

In his first term in Congress, Toomey took credit for getting $12 million in earmark spending for businesses in his district. In 2010 he claimed but provided no proof that he eventually ceased getting earmarks as a congressman, when as a Senate candidate he signed the "No Pork" pledge.[95] In December 2011, Toomey and Senator Claire McCaskill (D-MO) introduced the Earmark Elimination Act of 2011.[96] The bill failed, and failed again when it was reintroduced in 2014.[97]

In September 2018, Toomey was among six Republican senators who voted against a $854 billion spending bill meant to avoid another government shutdown. The bill included funding for the departments of Defense, Health and Human Services, Labor and Education.[98]

Social issues

Toomey is anti-abortion. While running for Senate in 2010, he said he supports legislation to ban abortions and jail sentences for doctors who perform them.[99][100] As a senator, Toomey voted for a bill that would have banned abortions after 20 weeks, with no exceptions for the health of pregnant women and girls and new limits in cases of rape and incest.[101] In January 2020 Toomey also signed an amicus brief urging the US Supreme Court to overturn several of its past rulings protecting abortion rights, including Roe v. Wade.[102] When he first ran for Congress in 1998, Toomey said he believed abortion should be legal only in the first trimester.[103]

Toomey voted to reauthorize of the Violence Against Women Act in 2013.[104]

In March 2015, Toomey voted for an amendment to establish a deficit-neutral reserve fund to allow employees to earn paid sick time.[105]

Immigration

In February 2019, Toomey was one of 16 senators to vote against legislation preventing a partial government shutdown and containing $1.375 billion for barriers along the U.S.-Mexico border that included 55 miles of fencing.[106]

In March 2019, Toomey was one of 12 Republican senators to vote to block Trump's national emergency declaration that would have granted him access to $3.6 billion in military construction funding to build border barriers.[107]

Impeaching Pennsylvania Supreme Court justices

In February 2018, Toomey said that it was worth discussing whether to impeach justices on the Pennsylvania Supreme Court who had ruled that a gerrymandered congressional map violated the Pennsylvania constitution.[108][109]

Impeaching President Donald Trump

In December 2019, Toomey said that it was not worth discussing whether to impeach Trump after he tried to extort the President of Ukraine, Volodymyr Zelensky, by demanding that Zelensky start a criminal investigation of Vice President Joseph Biden or at least falsely announce an investigation was underway of Trump's false allegation that Biden engaged in corruption in Ukraine. "Where is the crime?" said Toomey at a Republican fundraiser.[110] Earlier Toomey had described Trump's attempt to force Zelensky to make false allegations about the Democratic presidential candidate as "errors of judgment". Toomey had harsher words for House Democrats, accusing them of "disgracefully breaking with" bipartisan precedent on impeachment inquiries.[111] Later that month the House impeached Trump on multiple charges, including abuse of power in the attempted extortion of Zelensky. Even after Trump was impeached Toomey continued to insist that his offenses were "not impeachable", and opposed hearing from any witnesses at Trump's trial. "We should move as quickly as we can to get this thing over with, get this behind us," Toomey said, adding, "Even if someone believes that everything John Bolton says is going to confirm what’s charged in these articles, it’s still not impeachable."[112] (The New York Times reported that Bolton had written in his forthcoming book that Trump had told him in August 2019 that he wanted to continue freezing the Ukraine aid until officials there helped with investigations into Democrats, including the Bidens.[113]) Along with all but one of the other Republican senators, Toomey voted against convicting Trump on the two articles for which he had been impeached by the House.[114]

Foreign policy

In September 2016, Toomey was one of 34 senators to sign a letter to United States Secretary of State John Kerry advocating that the United States use "all available tools to dissuade Russia from continuing its airstrikes in Syria" from an Iranian airbase near Hamadan "that are clearly not in our interest" and stating that there should be clear enforcement by the US of the airstrikes violating "a legally binding Security Council Resolution" on Iran.[115]

In November 2017, Toomey co-sponsored the Israel Anti-Boycott Act (s. 720), which made it a federal crime for Americans to encourage or participate in boycotts against Israel and Israeli settlements in the West Bank if protesting actions by the Israeli government.[116][117]

In March 2018, Toomey voted to table a resolution spearheaded by Bernie Sanders, Chris Murphy, and Mike Lee that would have required Trump to withdraw American troops either in or influencing Yemen within the next 30 days unless they were combating Al-Qaeda.[118]

In April 2018, Toomey was one of eight Republican senators to sign a letter to United States Secretary of the Treasury Steve Mnuchin and acting Secretary of State John Sullivan expressing "deep concern" over a report by the United Nations exposing "North Korean sanctions evasion involving Russia and China" and asserting that the findings "demonstrate an elaborate and alarming military-venture between rogue, tyrannical states to avoid United States and international sanctions and inflict terror and death upon thousands of innocent people" while calling it "imperative that the United States provides a swift and appropriate response to the continued use of chemical weapons used by President Assad and his forces, and works to address the shortcomings in sanctions enforcement."[119]

Trade

In January 2018, Toomey was one of 36 Republican senators to sign a letter to Trump requesting that he preserve the North American Free Trade Agreement by modernizing it for the economy of the 21st century.[120]

In November 2018, Toomey was one of 12 Republican senators to sign a letter to Trump requesting that the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement be submitted to Congress by the end of the month to allow a vote before the end of the year, as they were concerned that "passage of the USMCA as negotiated will become significantly more difficult" in the incoming 116th United States Congress.[121]

Personal life

In November 1997, Toomey married Kris Ann Duncan. The couple have three children.[122]

Electoral history
Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district: Results 1998–2002[123]
Year Democratic Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct
1998 Roy C. Afflerbach 66,930 45% Patrick J. Toomey 81,755 55%
2000 Edward O'Brien 103,864 47% Patrick J. Toomey 118,307 53%
2002 Edward O'Brien 73,212 43% Patrick J. Toomey 98,493 57%
United States Senate Republican primary election in Pennsylvania, 2004[124]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Republican Arlen Specter 530,839 50.82
Republican Pat Toomey 513,693 49.18
United States Senate Republican primary election in Pennsylvania, 2010[124]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Republican Pat Toomey 667,614 81.5
Republican Peg Luksik 151,901 18.5
United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 2010[125]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Republican Pat Toomey 2,028,945 51.01% -1.61%
Democratic Joe Sestak 1,948,716 48.99% +7.00%
Majority 80,229 2.02%
Total votes 3,977,661 100.0
Republican gain from Democratic Swing
United States Senate election in Pennsylvania, 2016[126]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Republican Pat Toomey (inc.) 2,951,702 48.77% -2.24%
Democratic Katie McGinty 2,865,012 47.34% -1.65%
Libertarian Edward T. Clifford III 235,142 3.89% N/A
Total votes 6,051,941 100.00%
Republican hold Swing NA

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Non-profit organization positions
Preceded by
Stephen Moore		 President of the Club for Growth
2005–2009		 Succeeded by
Chris Chocola
Party political offices
Preceded by
Arlen Specter		 Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania
(Class 3)
2010, 2016		 Most recent
Preceded by
Jim DeMint		 Chair of the Senate Republican Steering Committee
2012–2015		 Succeeded by
Mike Lee
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by
Paul McHale		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania's 15th congressional district
1999–2005		 Succeeded by
Charlie Dent
U.S. Senate
Preceded by
Arlen Specter		 U.S. senator (Class 3) from Pennsylvania
2011–present
Served alongside: Bob Casey		 Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by
John Boozman		 United States Senators by seniority
49th		 Succeeded by
John Hoeven
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