Pakubuwono X

Pakubuwono X (also transliterated Pakubuwana X, sometimes abbreviated PBX[1] (29 November 1866 – 20 February 1939) was the tenth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta).

Portrait of Pakubuwono X, wearing the uniform of a KNIL major-general
Pakubuwono X of Surakarta poses with the Governor General of Dutch East Indies Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff (center) in 1928
Group portrait during a visit by King Chulalongkorn
Javanese case with the emblem of Surakarta, designed by Pakubuwono X 1930 - Livrustkammaren

Politics

His reign corresponded with the political changes happening in the Dutch East Indies at the time, in particular the growth of local indigenous political organizations such as Budi Utomo and Sarekat Islam of which he and the royal family were patrons.[2]

Family

Pakubuwono X was known to have many concubines, but his main consort was GKR Hemas, the daughter of Sultan Hamengkubuwono VII of Yogyakarta. He was also known major contributor to improvements at the Royal Graveyard of Imogiri, where he himself is buried.

Name sequence

His correct title in Javanese etiquette standards contains honorific appellations, some of which each successive ruler inherits. He reigned from 1893 to 1939 and was the longest ruling Susuhanan of Surakarta to his time.

Names in Javanese royalty are adjusted with status changes.

  • 1866-1884: Raden Mas Gusti Sayyid ud-din Malik ul-Kusna
  • 1884-1890: Lieutenant-Colonel Raden Mas Gusti Sayyid ud-din Malik ul-Kusna
  • 1890-1893: Colonel Raden Mas Gusti Sayyid ud-din Malik ul-Kusna
  • 1893-1923: Major-General His Highness Sampeyan Dalam ingkang Sinuhun ingkang Minulya saha ingkang Wijaksana Kanjeng Susuhanan Prabhu Sri Pakubuwono X Senapati ing Alaga Ngah 'Abdu'l-Rahman Saiyid ud-din Panatagama, Susuhanan of Surakarta
  • 1923-1932: Lieutenant-General His Highness Sampeyan Dalam ingkang Sinuhun ingkang Minula saha ingkang Wijaksana Kanjeng Susuhanan Prabhu Sri Pakubuwono X Senapati ing Alaga Ngah 'Abdu'l-Rahman Saiyid ud-din Panatagama, Susuhanan of Surakarta
  • 1932-1939: Lieutenant-General His Princely Highness Sampeyan Dalam ingkang Sinuhun ingkang Minula saha ingkang Wijaksana Kanjeng Susuhanan Prabhu Sri Pakubuwono X Senapati ing Alaga Ngah 'Abdu'l-Rahman Saiyid ud-din Panatagama, Susuhanan of Surakarta

Honours
Thirteen daughters of Pakubuwono X (circa 1921-1926), photo by Tassilo Adam

Pakubuwono X received many honours from foreign countries. In 2009, due to his contributions to the well-being and interests of Native Indonesians within the Sunanate during his reign, as well as having been a huge patron to many local economic and cultural projects, he was awarded posthumously the title of National Hero of Indonesia.

Death and funeral train
The prepared carriage with the coffin of PB X on trip to Yogyakarta

After PB X's death, his coffin was transported between Surakarta and Yogyakarta by a NIS train. The remaining journey between Yogyakarta and Imogiri was by royal carriage. His coffin's trip to Imogiri was one of the most photographed royal funeral processions of rulers of his era.

See also

Notes
  1. "PB XIII Tegaskan Lembaga Adat Sudah Dihapus Sejak PB X" [PB XIII Emphasises that Traditional Institutions Have Been Abandoned since PB X]. Tribun (in Indonesian). Yogyakarta. 27 May 2012. Retrieved 28 August 2012.
  2. Lawson, George D. (George Donald); Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Netherlands) (1987), Prelude to revolution : palaces and politics in Surakarta, 1912-1942, Foris Publications, ISBN 978-90-6765-217-9

Further reading

Miksic, John (general ed.), et al. (2006) Karaton Surakarta. A look into the court of Surakarta Hadiningrat, central Java (First published: 'By the will of His Serene Highness Paku Buwono XII'. Surakarta: Yayasan Pawiyatan Kabudayan Karaton Surakarta, 2004) Marshall Cavendish Editions Singapore ISBN 981-261-226-2

Regnal titles
Preceded by
Pakubuwono IX		 Susuhunan of Surakarta
1893–1939		 Succeeded by
Pakubuwono XI
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.