Pakubuwono IX

Pakubuwono IX (also transliterated Pakubuwana IX; Surakarta, December 22, 1830 - Surakarta, March 16, 1893) was the ninth Susuhunan (ruler of Surakarta). He was born in 1830, the second son of Pakubuwono VI, and reigned from 1861 until his death in 1893.

Pakubuwono IX circa 1873.

He is attributed as author of Serat Woro Isworo, a book about genealogy and morals. [1]

Reign

Born as Raden Mas Duksina, he was born 6 months after the deposition of his father due to his suspected support to Prince Diponegoro during Java War. RM. Duksina was renamed Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Harya Prabuwijaya upon reaching adulthood.

Pakubuwono IX ascended to throne in December 30, 1861, succeeding his heirless half-great-uncle, Pakubuwono VIII. His reign was narrated by Ronggowarsito in his popular literary works, for example Serat Kalatida, which praised him as a wise king, but surrounded by opportunistic officials. Ronggowarsito named the era as Zaman Edan (Javanese: Crazy Era).

Relation between Pakubuwono IX and Ronggowarsito itself wasn't so harmonious due to blasphemy by Dutch East Indies government, that RM. Pajangswara (Ronggowarsito's father who was also a royal secretary) had leaked secret alliance between Pakubuwono VI and Prince Diponegoro, which caused the king to be exiled to Ambon Island. It caused Pakubuwono IX disliked RM. Pajangswara's family, whereas the secretary was found dead in saddened condition because of being tortured in Dutch prison.

Ronggowarsito himself attempted to improve his relation with the king by presenting his works, Serat Cemporet, to the king. In the time, Ronggowarsito's carrier had been at twilight.

Surakarta Sunanate was well-developed under Pakubuwono IX's reign. Many parts of Surakarta Palace had been renovated, such as Siti Hinggil, Panggung Sangga Buwana, etc, hence his nickname Sinuhun Bangun Kedhaton (meaning "His Majesty who builds the palace"). Pakubuwono IX also actively composed literary works, like Serat Wulang Putri, Serat Jayeng Sastra, Serat Menak Cina, Serat Wirayatna, etc.

Pakubuwono IX's reign was 32 years long and ended with his death when he was 62 years old. He was succeeded by his son, styled Pakubuwono X.

Family

Pakubuwono IX had no queen consort. Instead, he had 53 concubines, from which the notables were Raden Ayu Kustiyah (grand-daughter of Pakubuwono VIII) and Raden Ajeng Larasati alias RAy. Mandayaprana.

Children

Pakubuwono IX had 58 children from 29 of 53 of his concubines:

  1. Gusti Raden Mas Adamadi (KGPH. Praboewidjojo)
  2. RAj. Samsikin (GRAy. Suryodipuro).
  3. GRM. Kanapi (KGPH. Mataram)
  4. GRAj. Rachmaniyah (GRAy. Wirjodiningrat).
  5. GRM. Suroto (GPH. Notokoesoemo).
  6. GRAj. Samsinah (GRAy. Soemaningrat).
  7. GRM. Rahmad (GPH. Hadikoesoemo).
  8. GRAj. Samsiyah, died young.
  9. GRAj. Suratiah, died young.
  10. GRAj. Samsinah (GRAy. Adipati Sosrodiningrat).
  11. GRM. Sutrisno (GPH. Mlojokoesoemo I), died without issue.
  12. GRM. Sanitiyoso (GPH. Njokrokoesoemo).
  13. GRAj. Siti Suwijah (GRAy. Brotokoesoemo).
  14. GRAj. Siti Kabibah, died in adulthood.
  15. GRAj. Umi Kaltum (GRAy. Poerbonegoro).
  16. GRAj. Siti Ruwiyah, died young.
  17. GRM. Susetyo (GPH. Tjokroningrat), died without issue.
  18. GRAj. Kamariyah (GRAy. Soerjonegoro).
  19. GRM. Susanto, died in adulthood.
  20. GRM. Imam Dawut (GPH. Pakoeningrat)
  21. GRM. Guntur (GPH. Koesoemodiningrat).
  22. GRM. Sutindro (GPH. Praboeningrat).
  23. GRAj. Sudarmi, died young
  24. GRM. Abadi alias GRM. Kusen (GPH. Poerbodiningrat), maternal grandfather of Aliddin Sukma Alamsyah, current Sultan of Kotawaringin.
  25. GRAj. Sutadji (GRAy. Djojoningrat).
  26. GRAj. Siti Kabirin (GRAy. Pawironingrat).
  27. GRAj. Siti Suimah, died young.
  28. GRAj. Sulalis, died in adulthood.
  29. GRM. Satriyo (GPH. Tjokrodiningrat).
  30. GRAj. Saptirin (GRAy. Joedonegoro).
  31. Bendoro Raden Mas Gusti Malikul Kusno (Pakubuwono X, his successor).
  32. GRM. Sunoto, died young.
  33. GRAj. Siti Mulat (GRAy. Danoeningrat).
  34. GRM. Sudarmaji (GPH. Tjokroningrat II).
  35. GRAj. Sutati, died in adulthood.
  36. GRAj. Siti Atikah (GRAy. Brotodjojo).
  37. GRAj. Muryati (GRAy. Adipati Djojohadiningrat).
  38. GRM. Sudarmojo (GPH. Koesoemodilogo).
  39. GRM. Sudarmadi, died in adulthood.
  40. GRAj. Sudinah (GRAy. Tjondronegoro).
  41. GRAj. Suliyah (GRAy. Djojodiningrat).
  42. GRM. Danangjoyo, died young.
  43. GRM. Susedo, died young.
  44. GRM. Minak Sunoyo, died in adulthood.
  45. GRM. Subakdo (GPH. Mangkoediningrat).
  46. GRM. Harjuno (GPH. Hadiningrat).
  47. GRAj. Suparti (GRAy. Tjondronegoro).
  48. GRM. Wiyadi (GPH. Mlojokoesoemo).
  49. GRM. Ibnu Mulki, died young.
  50. GRM. Rustamaji (GPH. Sontokoesoemo).
  51. GRM. Siswaji (GPH. Praboemidjojo).
  52. GRAj. Siti Imamah, died young.
  53. GRM. Suwito, died young.
  54. GRAj. Sejarah Bangun (GRAy. Mangkoekoesoemo).
  55. GRM. Pamade, died in adulthood.
  56. GRM. Janoko (GPH. Notodiningrat).
  57. GRM. Sutrono, died young.
  58. GRM. Noroyono (GPH. Praboewinoto).

Honours

Notes
  1. Serat Woro Isworo, Boedi Oetomo, 1926, retrieved 13 May 2018

References
  • Miksic, John (general ed.), et al. (2006) Karaton Surakarta: A Look into the Court of Surakarta Hadiningrat, Central Java (First published: 'By the will of His Serene Highness Paku Buwono XII'. Surakarta: Yayasan Pawiyatan Kabudayan Karaton Surakarta, 2004), Marshall Cavendish Editions Singapore ISBN 981-261-226-2
  • Any A. 1980. Raden Ngabehi Ronggowarsito: Apa yang Terjadi? Semarang: Aneka Ilmu.
  • Purwadi. 2007. Sejarah Raja-raja Jawa. Yogyakarta: Media Ilmu.
Preceded by
Pakubuwono VIII		 Susuhunan of Surakarta
1861–1893		 Succeeded by
Pakubuwono X
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