Nuoro

Nuoro (Italian pronunciation: [ˈnuːoro] (listen) or less correctly [ˈnwɔːro];[3] Sardinian: Nùgoro [ˈnuɣoɾo])[3][lower-alpha 1] is a city and comune (municipality) in central-eastern Sardinia, Italy, situated on the slopes of the Monte Ortobene. It is the capital of the province of Nuoro. With a population of 36,347 (2011),[4] it is the sixth-largest city in Sardinia.

Nuoro

Nùgoro  (Sardinian)
Comune
Comune di Nuoro
Redeemer's Statue, Monte Ortobene
Location of Nuoro
Nuoro
Location of Nuoro in Sardinia
Nuoro
Nuoro (Sardinia)
Coordinates: 40°19′N 09°20′E
CountryItaly
RegionSardinia
ProvinceNuoro (NU)
FrazioniLollove
Government
 • MayorAndrea Soddu (Civic)
Area
 • Total192.27 km2 (74.24 sq mi)
Elevation
554 m (1,818 ft)
Population
 (January 1, 2012)[2]
 • Total36,347
 • Density190/km2 (490/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Nuoresi
Nugoresos
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
08100
Dialing code0784
Patron saintSanta Maria della Neve
Saint dayAugust 5
WebsiteOfficial website

Birthplace of several renowned artists, including writers, poets, painters, and sculptors, Nuoro hosts some of the most important museums in Sardinia. It is considered an important cultural center of the region[5] and it has been referred as the "Atene sarda" (Sardinian Athens).[6] Nuoro is the hometown of Grazia Deledda, the only Italian woman to win (1926) the Nobel Prize in Literature.

History
View of Nuoro in winter from Monte Ortobene.
View of Nuoro

The earliest traces of human settlement in the Nuoro area (called " the Nuorese") are the so-called Domus de janas, rock-cut tombs dated at the third millennium BC. However, fragments of ceramics of the Ozieri culture have also been discovered and dated at c. 3500 BC.[7]

The Nuorese was a centre of the Nuragic civilization (which developed in Sardinia from c. 1500 BC to c. 250 BC), as attested by more than 30 Nuragic sites, such has the village discovered in the countryside of Tanca Manna, just outside Nuoro, which was made of about 800 huts.

The Nuorese was crossed by a Roman road which connected Karalis (Cagliari) to Ulbia (Olbia). The legacy of the Roman colonization can especially be found in the variety of the Sardinian language which is still spoken today in Nuoro: Nuorese Sardinian is considered the most conservative dialect of Sardinian, which is in turn the most conservative Romance language.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Sardinia was held first by the Vandals and then by the Byzantines. According to the letters of Pope Gregory I, a Romanized and Christianized culture (that of the provinciales) co-existed with several Pagan cultures (those of the Gens Barbaricina, i.e. "Barbarian People") mainly located in the island's interior. As the Byzantine control waned, the Judicates appeared. A small village known as Nugor appears on a medieval map from 1147. In the two following centuries it grew to more than 1000 inhabitants. Nuoro remained a town of average importance under the Aragonese and Spanish domination of Sardinia, until famine and plague struck it in the late 17th century.

After the annexation to the Kingdom of Sardinia, the town became the administrative center of the area, obtaining the title of city in 1836.

Culture

ISRE
See also: Istituto superiore regionale etnografico

Since 1972 in Nuoro is active the Istituto superiore regionale etnografico (ISRE), which is an institution that promotes the study and documentation of the social and cultural life of Sardinia in its traditional manifestations and its transformations. In fact, in addition to managing museums and libraries, it organizes national and international events, including: the Sardinia International Ethnographic Film Festival (SIEFF) and the Festival Biennale Italiano dell’Etnografia (ETNU) (Italian Biennial Festival of Ethnography).

Museums
  • Sardinian Ethnographic Museum (Museo Etnografico Sardo).
  • Grazia Deledda's Museum (Museo Deleddiano).
  • M.A.N., Museo d’Arte Provincia di Nuoro (Modern Art Museum of the Nuoro Province).
  • National Archeological Museum Nuoro (Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Nuoro).
  • Museo Ciusa, Museum dedicated to Francesco Ciusa and other artists
  • Spazio Ilisso

Monuments and historical sites
Nuoro's Cathedral
  • Cattedrale della Madonna della Neve
  • Piazza Sebastiano Satta
  • Chiesa di Nostra Signora delle Grazie
  • Chiesa della Solitudine
  • The Redeemer's statue, Monte Ortobene, the 7 meters tall Vincenzo Gerace's bronze statue installed 29 August 1901.
  • Nuraghe Ugolio
  • Chiesa di San Carlo, church built in the 17th century containing a copy of Francesco Ciusa's masterpiece La madre dell'ucciso.
  • Sas Birghines, Domus de Janas located in Monte Ortobene
  • Sanctuary Madonna of Montenero, Monte Ortobene

Language

Along with Italian, the traditional language spoken in Nuoro is Sardinian, in its Logudorese-Nuorese variety.

Food

Nuoro is home to the world's rarest pasta, su filindeu.[8][9] The name in Sardinian language means "the threads (or wool) of God" and is made exclusively by the women of a single family in the town, with the recipe being passed down through generations.

Cultural international events

Government
See also: List of mayors of Nuoro

Transport

Road

Nuoro is served by the SS 131 DCN (Olbia-Abbasanta), the SS 129 (Orosei-Macomer), and the SS 389 (Monti-Lanusei).

Bus

ARST, Azienda Regionale Sarda Trasporti provide regular connections to Cagliari, Sassari, Olbia, and to several minor centres in the province and the region.

Other private operators (including Deplano Autolinee, Turmotravel, Redentours) connects Nuoro to various cities and airports in the island.

Rail

Nuoro is connected by train to Macomer via Ferrovie della Sardegna.

Local transportation

ATP Nuoro's bus system provides service within the city.

Notable people
Casa dei Contrafforti, Nuoro's Old Town
Nivola's sculptures in Piazza Sebastiano Satta, Nuoro
  • Priamo Gallisay (1853–1930), musician (opera composer)
  • Giampietro Chironi (1855–1918), senator
  • Franceschino Guiso-Gallisai (1859-1933) Knight, Order of Merit for Labour
  • Antonio Ballero (1864–1932), writer, painter
  • Sebastiano Satta (1867–1914), poet, lawyer
  • Pasquale Dessanai (1868–1919), poet
  • Grazia Deledda (1871–1936), writer, winner Nobel Prize
  • Francesco Ciusa (1883–1949), sculptor, winner of the Venice Biennale
  • Adelasia Cocco (1885–1983), Health Officer in Nuoro, possibly the first female doctor in Italy
  • Attilio Deffenu (1890–1918), trade unionist
  • Gonario Pinna (1898–1991), writer, politician, lawyer
  • Salvatore Mannironi (1901, 1971), politician, Ministry of Commercial Navy
  • Salvatore Satta (1902–1975), jurist, writer
  • Giovanni Ciusa Romagna (1907–1958), painter
  • Gerolamo Devoto (1913–2003), Industrialist - Grand Officer OMRI [10]
  • Maria Giacobbe (born 1928), writer and essayist
  • Sebastiano Mannironi (born 1930), athlete. Olympic games medal winner.
  • Franco Oppo (born 1935), composer
  • Romano Ruiu (1935–1974), writer, poet, playwright
  • Piero Marras (born 1949), singer-songwriter
  • Giovanni Columbu (born 1949), film director
  • Marcello Fois (born 1960), writer
  • Flavio Manzoni (born 1967) car designer
  • Salvatore Sirigu (born 1987), footballer

Twin towns

Notes
  1. Probably from a root meaning "home" or "hearth" in Logudorese.

References
  1. "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Istat. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. Population data from Istat.
  3. "Nuoro". DOP.
  4. Source: ISTAT
  5. Cultural Notes by the Comune of Nuoro (in Italian)
  6. E. Corda Archived 22 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Atene Sarda. Storie di vita nuorese 1886-1946, Rusconi, 1992 - only available in Italian
  7. Sardinia ISBN 1-860-11324-9 p. 85
  8. The secret behind Italy's rarest pasta, BBC.com
  9. This is the Rarest Pasta in the World, The Daily Meal
  10. https://www.quirinale.it/onorificenze/insigniti/256909
  11. "Twinning Ceremony" (in Italian). Retrieved 1 April 2010.
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