Nu (letter)
Nu /ˈnjuː/ (uppercase Ν lowercase ν; Greek: νι ni [ni]) is the 13th letter of the Greek alphabet. In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 50. It is derived from the ancient Phoenician language nun 
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The name of the letter is written νῦ in Ancient Greek and traditional Modern Greek polytonic orthography, while in Modern Greek it is written νι [ni].
Symbology
The uppercase Nu is not used, because it is normally identical to Latin N. The lower-case letter ν is used as a symbol for:
- Mathematics:
- Degree of freedom in statistics.
- The greatest fixed point of a function, as commonly used in the μ-calculus.
- Free names of a process, as used in the π-calculus.
- One of the Greeks in mathematical finance, known as "vega".
- Physics:
- Kinematic viscosity in fluid mechanics.
- The frequency[1] of a wave in physics and other fields; sometimes also spatial frequency; wavenumber
- The specific volume in thermodynamics.
- Poisson's ratio, the ratio of strains perpendicular with and parallel with an applied force.
- Any of three kinds of neutrino in particle physics.
- The number of neutrons released per fission of an atom in nuclear physics.
- Molecular vibrational mode, νx where x is the number of the vibration (a label).
- The true anomaly, an angular parameter that defines the position of a body moving along an orbit (see orbital elements).
- Biology:
- A DNA polymerase found in higher eukaryotes and implicated in translesion synthesis.
- Chemistry:
- The stoichiometric coefficient.
- Psychology:
- The maximum conditioning possible for an unconditioned stimulus in the Rescorla-Wagner model.
Character encodings
- Greek Nu/Coptic Ni[2]
| Character | Ν | ν | Ⲛ | ⲛ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | GREEK CAPITAL LETTER NU | GREEK SMALL LETTER NU | COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER NI | COPTIC SMALL LETTER NI | ||||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | decimal | hex | decimal | hex | decimal | hex |
| Unicode | 925 | U+039D | 957 | U+03BD | 11418 | U+2C9A | 11419 | U+2C9B |
| UTF-8 | 206 157 | CE 9D | 206 189 | CE BD | 226 178 154 | E2 B2 9A | 226 178 155 | E2 B2 9B |
| Numeric character reference | Ν | Ν | ν | ν | Ⲛ | Ⲛ | ⲛ | ⲛ |
| Named character reference | Ν | ν | ||||||
| DOS Greek | 140 | 8C | 164 | A4 | ||||
| DOS Greek-2 | 181 | B5 | 231 | E7 | ||||
| Windows 1253 | 205 | CD | 237 | ED | ||||
| TeX | \nu | |||||||
- BBX Mathematical Nu
| Character | 𝚴 | 𝛎 | 𝛮 | 𝜈 | 𝜨 | 𝝂 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL NU | MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL NU | MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL NU | MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL NU | MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL NU | MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL NU | ||||||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | decimal | hex | decimal | hex | decimal | hex | decimal | hex | decimal | hex |
| Unicode | 120500 | U+1D6B4 | 120526 | U+1D6CE | 120558 | U+1D6EE | 120584 | U+1D708 | 120616 | U+1D728 | 120642 | U+1D742 |
| UTF-8 | 240 157 154 180 | F0 9D 9A B4 | 240 157 155 142 | F0 9D 9B 8E | 240 157 155 174 | F0 9D 9B AE | 240 157 156 136 | F0 9D 9C 88 | 240 157 156 168 | F0 9D 9C A8 | 240 157 157 130 | F0 9D 9D 82 |
| UTF-16 | 55349 57012 | D835 DEB4 | 55349 57038 | D835 DECE | 55349 57070 | D835 DEEE | 55349 57096 | D835 DF08 | 55349 57128 | D835 DF28 | 55349 57154 | D835 DF42 |
| Numeric character reference | 𝚴 | 𝚴 | 𝛎 | 𝛎 | 𝛮 | 𝛮 | 𝜈 | 𝜈 | 𝜨 | 𝜨 | 𝝂 | 𝝂 |
| Character | 𝝢 | 𝝼 | 𝞜 | 𝞶 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL NU | MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL NU | MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL NU | MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL NU | ||||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | decimal | hex | decimal | hex | decimal | hex |
| Unicode | 120674 | U+1D762 | 120700 | U+1D77C | 120732 | U+1D79C | 120758 | U+1D7B6 |
| UTF-8 | 240 157 157 162 | F0 9D 9D A2 | 240 157 157 188 | F0 9D 9D BC | 240 157 158 156 | F0 9D 9E 9C | 240 157 158 182 | F0 9D 9E B6 |
| UTF-16 | 55349 57186 | D835 DF62 | 55349 57212 | D835 DF7C | 55349 57244 | D835 DF9C | 55349 57270 | D835 DFB6 |
| Numeric character reference | 𝝢 | 𝝢 | 𝝼 | 𝝼 | 𝞜 | 𝞜 | 𝞶 | 𝞶 |
These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.
References
- See e.g. Planck's formula
- Unicode Code Charts: Greek and Coptic (Range: 0370-03FF)
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