Newcastle Cathedral

Looking down the nave towards the East Window.

The choir

The cathedral is named after St Nicholas, the patron saint of sailors and boats. This may reflect the cathedral's position on the northern heights above the River Tyne. It was originally a parish church, built in 1091. It was built close to the line of Hadrian's Wall through Newcastle, which may have passed through the churchyard to the south, but unfortunately the exact location of its line through the very centre of the city is currently lost. Close to the south of the cathedral is Newcastle Castle, which gave the city its name, and which was itself built on the site of the Hadrian's Wall fort of Pons Aelius. The Norman church was destroyed by fire in 1216 and the present structure was completed in 1350.[2]

The most famous incumbent of the cathedral was the Scottish reformer John Knox, who served as minister from late 1550 until 2 February 1553.[3]

In the mid-19th century Newcastle experienced a huge increase in its population, leading to the construction of over 20 new churches in the suburbs. As Newcastle continued to grow, so did its need for a diocese separate from Durham, and so in 1882 the Diocese of Newcastle was formed, with St Nicholas's as its cathedral. With this, Newcastle was designated a City in the same year.

The cathedral is notable for its unusual lantern spire, which was constructed in 1448. For hundreds of years, it was a main navigation point for ships using the River Tyne. At its base the tower measures 36 ft 9 in (11.20 m) by 35 ft (11 m) and it is 196 ft 6 in (59.89 m) from the base to the top of the steeple.[4]

On each corner of the lantern are gilded statues, of Adam eating the apple, Eve holding out the apple, Aaron is dressed as a bishop, and David holds a harp. Following work on the street in the 1860s the tower was found to be cracking and tilting, so two porches were added to buttress the structure. Since then the tower has settled and the ornate wooden font cover, which is suspended from the tower inside, does not hang in line with the font.[5]

The interior of the church was badly damaged by Scottish invaders during their brief occupation of the city in 1640, and in 1644, during a nine-week siege, Scottish invaders threatened to bombard the lantern tower, but were deterred when the mayor Sir John Marley put his Scottish prisoners in it.[6] The tower was repaired in September 1645, 1723 and 1761. A lightning conductor was added in 1777.[7]

In 2020, the nave of the cathedral is largely closed to visitors on account of building work, as part of the Common Ground in Sacred Space heritage project. The east end of the cathedral remains in use and can be accessed via a courtyard on the north side of the building. The current works entail removing the pews, installing underfloor heating, restoring up to 130 ledger stones (gravestones), improving the cathedral gardens, and adding an east entrance to the building.[8]

The tower contains a complete ring of twelve bells, the tenor bell which weighs almost two tons, plus three 15th-century bells, one of which, "St Nicholas", is rung for daily services. The addition of a second treble bell (named "Gabriel") in 1999 has made it possible to ring a lighter peal of ten bells.[9] Among the bells is a bourdon ('The Major') which weighs nearly six tonnes and is hung for swing chiming. Newcastle Cathedral is the second tallest religious building in Newcastle and the sixth tallest structure in the city overall.

Medieval Madonna and Child roundel in St Margaret's Chapel

The nave furnishings were designed by the local artist and craftsman Ralph Hedley in the early 20th century, after the parish church of St Nicholas became a cathedral in 1882. The high altar depicts Christ in Majesty holding an orb and sceptre, flanked by the Four Evangelists each with their special symbol.[10]

Inside the cathedral a finely-carved marble monument commemorates Admiral Lord Collingwood (1748–1810), who took over command at the Battle of Trafalgar (21 October 1805) after the death of Admiral Lord Nelson. Collingwood was baptised and married in St Nicholas's and each year, on 21 October, a wreath is laid in his memory in front of the monument.[11]

The cathedral is filled with beautiful stained glass. Much of the original glass was broken during the Civil War and most now dates from the 18th century onwards. St Margaret's Chapel contains the only known fragment of medieval stained glass in the cathedral, a beautiful roundel of the Madonna feeding the Christ Child. More-modern stained glass works such as in St. George's Chapel were erected in honour of two of Tyneside's late 19th-/early 20th-century industrial pioneers, who both died in 1931 within weeks of each other. Other references to industry can be found in the cathedral's stained glass, including in the Charles Parsons window, which features Turbinia, the first turbine-driven steam yacht, with which Parsons astonished the Queen's Navy at the Spithead naval review in 1897.[11]

The cathedral contains a number of memorials, the oldest being a 13th-century effigy of an unknown knight, probably a member of the household of Edward I. It is one of the oldest objects in the cathedral. Another is the "Thornton Brass", a monumental brass to Roger Thornton and his wife; he was a successful merchant, three times Mayor of Newcastle, several times Member of Parliament, and great benefactor to the cathedral. This is one of the finest examples of a Flemish brass and dates from at least as early as 1441 (may be pre-1429); it is believed to be the largest brass in the United Kingdom, and originally it covered Thornton's tomb in the nearby All Saints' Church, Newcastle upon Tyne. This commemoration to Thornton, his wife, seven sons and seven daughters can be seen fixed vertically behind the High Altar. A horizontal replica is kept near the north door of the cathedral for brass rubbing purposes.[11]

Just to the north of the cathedral stands a bronze statue of Queen Victoria erected to commemorate 500 years of the Shrievalty (the jurisdiction of a sheriff) of Newcastle. Sculpted by Alfred Gilbert and unveiled in 1903, two years after Queen Victoria's death, the statue was a gift from W. H. Stephenson, a company director and politician who held the office of mayor in Newcastle seven times.[11]

As of 8 August 2019:[12]

• Dean — Geoff Miller (since 20 October 2018 installation)
• Canon for Music and Liturgy (i.e. precentor) — Clare MacLaren (since 11 October 2015)[13]
• Canon for Outreach and Discipleship (i.e. chancellor) — Peter Dobson (since December 2019)[14]
• Archdeacon of Northumberland — Mark Wroe (since 24 March 2019 installation)[15]
• a Diocesan Canon — vacant since 28 February 2019 retirement of Canon for Evangelism (Diocesan Advisor in Local Evangelism & Mission)[16]

The T C Lewis — Harrison — Nicholson organ at Newcastle Cathedral.

The cathedral has a strong tradition of music. In 1503, the thirteen-year-old Princess Margaret, daughter of Henry VII and engaged to marry James IV of Scotland, while passing through Newcastle on her way north, noted in her journal a number of children in surplices "who sang melodious hymns, accompanying themselves with instruments of many sorts".[17] Later, the baroque composer Charles Avison (1709–1770) was organist and choirmaster at the church.[18]

The cathedral choir has been featured on BBC Radio 3's Choral Evensong,[19] and has performed with the Northern Sinfonia at The Sage Gateshead. They have also recorded a number of CDs.

The cathedral is home to a fine organ, a four-manual Grand Organ built by T C Lewis,[20] although rebuilt several times since, notably by Harrison & Harrison in 1911 and 1954[21] and by Nicholson & Co. of Worcester in 1981.[22]

• Samuel Hammond

Wikimedia Commons has media related to St Nicholas' Cathedral, Newcastle upon Tyne.

• Official Cathedral website
• Newcastle Diocese website
• Panoramic virtual interior tour
• BBC Tyne image gallery
• 360° interior panoramas at BBC Tyne
• Old picture postcards of Newcastle