Nebulin

Nebulin is an actin-binding protein which is localized to the thin filament of the sarcomeres in skeletal muscle. It is a very large protein (600–900 kDa) and binds as many as 200 actin monomers. Because its length is proportional to thin filament length, it is believed that nebulin acts as a thin filament "ruler" and regulates thin filament length during sarcomere assembly and acts as the coats the actin filament.[5] Other functions of nebulin, such as a role in cell signaling, remain uncertain.

NEB
Available structures
PDBHuman UniProt search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesNEB, nebulin, NEB177D, NEM2
External IDsOMIM: 161650 MGI: 97292 HomoloGene: 136285 GeneCards: NEB
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 2 (human)[1]
Band2q23.3Start151,485,336 bp[1]
End151,734,487 bp[1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

4703

17996

Ensembl

ENSG00000183091

ENSMUSG00000026950

UniProt

P20929
Q05C45

n/a

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001164507
NM_001164508
NM_001271208
NM_004543

NM_010889

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001157979
NP_001157980
NP_001258137
NP_004534
NP_004534.2

n/a

Location (UCSC)Chr 2: 151.49 – 151.73 MbChr 2: 52.14 – 52.38 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Nebulin has also been shown to regulate actin-myosin interactions by inhibiting ATPase activity in a calcium-calmodulin sensitive manner.[6]

Mutations in nebulin cause some cases of the autosomal recessive disorder nemaline myopathy.[7]

A smaller member of the nebulin protein family, termed nebulette, is expressed in cardiac muscle.

Structure

The structure of the SH3 domain of nebulin was determined by NMR.[8] The SH3 domain from nebulin is composed of 60 amino acid residues, of which 30 percent is in the beta sheet secondary structure (7 strands; 18 residues).

Knockout phenotype

As of 2007, two knockout mouse models for nebulin have been developed to better understand its in vivo function. Bang and colleagues[9] demonstrated that nebulin-knockout mice die postnatally, have reduced thin filament length, and impaired contractile function. Postnatal sarcomere disorganization and degeneration occurred rapidly in these mice, indicating the nebulin is essential for maintaining the structural integrity of myofibrils. Witt and colleagues[10] had similar results in their mice, which also died postnatally with reduced thin filament length and contractile function. These nebulin-knockout mice are being investigated as animal models of nemaline myopathy.

References
  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000183091 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026950 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. McElhinny AS, Kazmierski ST, Labeit S, Gregorio CC (Jul 2003). "Nebulin: the nebulous, multifunctional giant of striated muscle". Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine. 13 (5): 195–201. doi:10.1016/S1050-1738(03)00076-8. PMID 12837582.
  6. Root DD, Wang K (Oct 1994). "Calmodulin-sensitive interaction of human nebulin fragments with actin and myosin". Biochemistry. 33 (42): 12581–91. doi:10.1021/bi00208a008. PMID 7918483.
  7. Pelin K, Hilpelä P, Donner K, Sewry C, Akkari PA, Wilton SD, Wattanasirichaigoon D, Bang ML, Centner T, Hanefeld F, Odent S, Fardeau M, Urtizberea JA, Muntoni F, Dubowitz V, Beggs AH, Laing NG, Labeit S, de la Chapelle A, Wallgren-Pettersson C (Mar 1999). "Mutations in the nebulin gene associated with autosomal recessive nemaline myopathy". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96 (5): 2305–10. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.5.2305. PMC 26779. PMID 10051637.
  8. PDB: 1NEB​; Politou AS, Millevoi S, Gautel M, Kolmerer B, Pastore A (February 1998). "SH3 in muscles: solution structure of the SH3 domain from nebulin". J. Mol. Biol. 276 (1): 189–202. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1521. PMID 9514727.
  9. Bang ML, Li X, Littlefield R, Bremner S, Thor A, Knowlton KU, Lieber RL, Chen J (Jun 2006). "Nebulin-deficient mice exhibit shorter thin filament lengths and reduced contractile function in skeletal muscle". The Journal of Cell Biology. 173 (6): 905–16. doi:10.1083/jcb.200603119. PMC 2063916. PMID 16769824.
  10. Witt CC, Burkart C, Labeit D, McNabb M, Wu Y, Granzier H, Labeit S (Aug 2006). "Nebulin regulates thin filament length, contractility, and Z-disk structure in vivo". The EMBO Journal. 25 (16): 3843–55. doi:10.1038/sj.emboj.7601242. PMC 1553189. PMID 16902413.

Further reading


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