Mucic acid

Mucic acid
Names
	IUPAC name (2S,3R,4S,5R)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxyhexanedioic acid
	Other names Galactaric acid; Galactosaccharic acid
Identifiers
CAS Number	526-99-8 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1232958 ;
ChemSpider	2301286 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.007.641
PubChem CID	3037582;
UNII	E149J5OTIF ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7048740 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C6H10O8/c7-1(3(9)5(11)12)2(8)4(10)6(13)14/h1-4,7-10H,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)/t1-,2+,3+,4- Key: DSLZVSRJTYRBFB-DUHBMQHGSA-N ; InChI=1/C6H10O8/c7-1(3(9)5(11)12)2(8)4(10)6(13)14/h1-4,7-10H,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)/t1-,2+,3+,4- Key: DSLZVSRJTYRBFB-DUHBMQHGBT;
	SMILES [C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](C(=O)O)O)O)([C@@H](C(=O)O)O)O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C6H10O8
Molar mass	210.138 g·mol−1
Melting point	230 °C (446 °F; 503 K)
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references

Mucic acid, C₆H₁₀O₈ or HOOC-(CHOH)₄-COOH (also known as galactaric or meso-galactaric acid) is an aldaric acid obtained by nitric acid oxidation of galactose or galactose-containing compounds such as lactose, dulcite, quercite, and most varieties of gum.[1]

Properties

Mucic acid forms a crystalline powder, which melts at 210–230 °C.[2] It is insoluble in alcohol, and nearly insoluble in cold water.[1] Due to the symmetry in the molecule, it is optically inactive even though it has chiral carbon atoms (i.e., it is a meso compound).

Reactions

When heated with pyridine to 140 °C, it is converted into allomucic acid.[1][3] When digested with fuming hydrochloric acid for some time it is converted into αα′ furfural dicarboxylic acid while on heating with barium sulfide it is transformed into a thiophene carboxylic acid.[1] The ammonium salt yields on dry distillation carbon dioxide, ammonia, pyrrol and other substances.[1] The acid when fused with caustic alkalis yields oxalic acid.[1]

With potassium bisulfate mucic acid forms 3-hydroxy-2-pyrone by dehydration and decarboxylation.

Reaction of mucic acid to 3-hydroxy-2-pyrone with a) potassium bisulfate 160 °C / 4 hrs. b) hydrochloric acid to pH = 7

Use

Mucic acid can be used to replace tartaric acid in self-rising flour or fizzies.

It has been used as a precursor of adipic acid in the way to nylon by a rhenium-catalyzed deoxydehydration reaction.[4]

References

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Mucic Acid" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 954.
"Mucic acid". ChemSpider. Retrieved 30 March 2018.
Butler, C. L.; Cretcher, L. H. (1929). "The Preparation of Allomucic Acid and Certain of Its Derivatives". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 51 (7): 2167. doi:10.1021/ja01382a029.
Li, X.; Wu, D.; Lu, T.; Yi, G.; Su, H.; Zhang, Y. (2014). "Highly Efficient Chemical Process to Convert Mucic Acid into Adipic Acid and DFT Studies of the Mechanism of the Rhenium-Catalyzed Deoxydehydration". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 53 (16): 4200. doi:10.1002/anie.201310991. PMID 24623498.

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[EB1911-1] Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Mucic Acid" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 954.

[2] "Mucic acid". ChemSpider. Retrieved 30 March 2018.

[3] Butler, C. L.; Cretcher, L. H. (1929). "The Preparation of Allomucic Acid and Certain of Its Derivatives". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 51 (7): 2167. doi:10.1021/ja01382a029.

[4] Li, X.; Wu, D.; Lu, T.; Yi, G.; Su, H.; Zhang, Y. (2014). "Highly Efficient Chemical Process to Convert Mucic Acid into Adipic Acid and DFT Studies of the Mechanism of the Rhenium-Catalyzed Deoxydehydration". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 53 (16): 4200. doi:10.1002/anie.201310991. PMID 24623498.