Minor Sherlock Holmes characters

This article features minor characters from the Sherlock Holmes stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and from non-canonical derived works.

Inspector Baynes

Inspector Baynes of the Surrey force appears in the two-part story "The Adventure of Wisteria Lodge", subtitled (i) "The Singular Experience of Mr John Scott Eccles", and (ii) "The Tiger of San Pedro". He is the only official policeman in the books to have ever matched Sherlock Holmes in his investigative skills. In this story, the reader finds that despite working along different lines, they both arrive at the correct conclusion and solve the case at the same time. In fact, Baynes had misled even Holmes as he used a method similar to one that Holmes often used when he arrested the wrong man and provided inaccurate information to the press in order to lull the true criminal into a false sense of security. Holmes congratulated this inspector and believed that he would go far.

A version of Inspector Baynes appears in the video game The Testament of Sherlock Holmes (2012), in which Baynes is employed by Scotland Yard. In the Japanese puppetry television series Sherlock Holmes (2014–2015), Baynes is a pupil of Beeton School as well as Holmes and has a strong sense of rivalry against him. Baynes speaks in a precocious manner and provokes Holmes to find the truth of the disappearance of two pupils, Garcia and Henderson. After that, he provokes Holmes again by posting a message using the stick figures of dancing men in the school. Yōsuke Asari voices him.

Billy

Billy is Holmes's young page, appearing in the stories The Valley of Fear, "The Problem of Thor Bridge" and "The Mazarin Stone". In the latter, he plays a significant role in helping to arrest the lead villain. He is a more significant character in all three of Doyle's plays featuring Sherlock Holmes, Sherlock Holmes; A Drama in Four Acts, The Stonor Case and The Crown Diamond, and in the spoof The Painful Predicament of Sherlock Holmes written by William Gillette. In 1903 Charlie Chaplin began his career by playing Billy on stage[1][2] in both the four-act play and Gillette's spoof.

Billy has appeared in the films Sherlock Holmes (1916), Sherlock Holmes (1922), Sherlock Holmes (1932) and The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1939). In the episode of the TV series Sherlock entitled "The Abominable Bride", Billy makes an appearance played by Adam Greaves-Neal, who previously played an original character named Archie in "The Sign of Three" (though presumably Archie drew some inspiration from Billy).

Inspector Bradstreet

Inspector Bradstreet is a detective who appears in three short stories: "The Man with the Twisted Lip", "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle" and "The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb". Doyle described him as "a tall, stout official... in a peaked cap and frogged jacket". Sidney Paget's illustrations for the Strand Magazine depict him with a full beard. Beyond this little is revealed about him in the canon.

Bradstreet originally served in Scotland Yard's E Division which associates him with the Bow Street Runners, a forerunner of Scotland Yard. He claims to have been in the force since 1862 ("The Man with the Twisted Lip") but in June 1889 Dr Watson writes he is in B Division to oversee "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle". According to Sherlockian author Jack Tracy, B Division was "one of the twenty-two administrative divisions of the Metropolitan Police Force. Its 5.17 square miles include parts of south Kensington and the south-western section of West-minister [sic?]".[3]

In "The Adventure of the Engineer's Thumb", he accompanied Holmes to Eyford, a village in Berkshire. According to Jack Tracy's The Encyclopaedia Sherlockiana, he was "assigned most likely to the central headquarters staff." Bradstreet is not a martinet; in "The Man with the Twisted Lip" he could have prosecuted the false beggar, but chose to overlook this action to spare Neville St Clair the trauma of shaming his wife and children.

He is also featured in M. J. Trow's series The Adventures of Inspector Lestrade.

Herbert Rawlinson played Bradstreet in a radio adaptation of "The Man with the Twisted Lip" (1946) in The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes.[4] He was played by Ronald Baddiley in the 1959 BBC radio dramatisation of "The Man with the Twisted Lip", and by Victor Brooks in the 1965 BBC radio adaptation of the same story.[5] Bradstreet appears four times in Granada Television's The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: "The Blue Carbuncle", "The Man with the Twisted Lip", "The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans" (substituting for Inspector Lestrade, as Colin Jeavons was unavailable), and a cameo appearance in "The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone". Initially he was played by Brian Miller as a blustering, pompous plodder, then later as much more competent by Denis Lill. In the BBC Radio Sherlock Holmes series, Bradstreet was played by David Goudge in two episodes in 1991.[6]

Inspector Gregson

Inspector Tobias Gregson, a Scotland Yard inspector, was first introduced in A Study in Scarlet (1887), and he subsequently appears in "The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter" (1893), "The Adventure of Wisteria Lodge" (1908) and "The Adventure of the Red Circle" (1911). Holmes declares him to be "the smartest of the Scotland Yarders," but given Holmes' opinion of the Scotland Yard detectives, this is not sweeping praise. In one of the stories Watson specifically mentions the callous and cool way in which Gregson behaved.

Gregson first appears in A Study in Scarlet and is a polar opposite of another Yarder Doyle created, Inspector Lestrade. Lestrade and Gregson are such visual opposites, it indicates the barrier Doyle drew between them to emphasise their professional animosity. Gregson is tall, "tow-headed" (fair-haired) in contrast to the shorter Lestrade's dark "ferretlike" (narrow) features and has "fat, square hands".

Of all the Yarders, Gregson comes the closest to meeting Sherlock Holmes on intellectual grounds, while acknowledging Holmes's abilities. He even admits to Holmes that he always feels more confident when he has Holmes's aid in a case. Regrettably, he is bound within the confines of the law he serves, and the delay in getting his assistance turns to tragedy in "The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter". He also has some regrettable human flaws. During A Study in Scarlet he publicly laughs at Lestrade's incorrect assumptions, even though he is also on the wrong trail.

Unlike Lestrade, Gregson overlooks the little grey areas of the law, and in "The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter" overlooks Holmes's breaking of a window in order to enter a premises. The life of Mycroft Holmes's fellow lodger is saved by this minor criminal act.

Gregson last appears in Doyle's "The Adventure of the Red Circle" in events that happen in 1902 but are not published by Dr Watson until 1911. In this story, Watson observes that:

Our official detectives may blunder in the matter of intelligence, but never in that of courage. Gregson climbed the stair to arrest this desperate murderer with the same absolutely quiet and businesslike bearing with which he would have ascended the official staircase of Scotland Yard. The Pinkerton man had tried to push past him, but Gregson had firmly elbowed him back. London dangers were the privilege of the London force.

Inspector Gregson has appeared in multiple pastiches written by other authors, including several short stories by Adrian Conan Doyle published in the 1954 collection The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes, and the novel Dust and Shadow (2009) by Lyndsay Faye.

In other media

Inspector Hopkins

Inspector Stanley Hopkins is a Scotland Yard detective and a student of Holmes's deductive methods, who attempts to apply them in his own investigations. Holmes, however, is very critical of Hopkins's ability to apply them well, Hopkins sometimes making such mistakes as arresting a man whose notebook was found at a crime scene despite it being physically impossible for the man in question to have killed the victim in the manner that he was discovered; after the real culprit was captured, he learns to be more open-minded in future cases. Hopkins refers several cases to Holmes, all within the South-East areas of England and London, including:

Teddy Arundell played Inspector Hopkins in eleven 1922 short films in the Sherlock Holmes silent film series by Stoll Pictures. H. Wheeler played Hopkins in one 1922 short film.[18]

In the 1946 film Dressed to Kill, Hopkins was portrayed by Carl Harbord. In the television series Sherlock Holmes (1965–1968), the character was played in two 1965 episodes by John Barcroft and one 1968 episode by James Kenney.[10] Inspector Hopkins was played by Michael Turner in the BBC radio drama "Black Peter" (1961), Hugh Dickson in the radio dramas "The Golden Pince-Nez" and "The Abbey Grange" (both in 1962), and Arnold Peters in another radio version of "Black Peter" (1969).[19]

In the Granada Television series Sherlock Holmes, Inspector Hopkins was played by Paul Williamson in "The Abbey Grange" (1986) and by Nigel Planer in "The Golden Pince-Nez" (1994). Hopkins was played by Andrew Wincott in three 1993 episodes of the BBC Radio Sherlock Holmes series.[20] In the first episode of Season Two of Elementary, a "DCI Hopkins" calls Holmes to London from New York. A female Inspector named Stella Hopkins appears in the episode of Sherlock entitled "The Six Thatchers". While uncertain, it can be presumed that the character drew inspiration from Inspector Hopkins.

Mrs. Hudson

Mrs. Hudson is the landlady of 221B Baker Street, the London residence in which Holmes lives.

Mrs. Hudson is a woman who wants the home to be clean and tidy, and often fights with Holmes for this. Watson describes her as a very good cook; in the short story "The Adventure of the Naval Treaty," Holmes says "Her cuisine is a little limited, but she has as good an idea of breakfast as a Scotchwoman,"[21] which some readers have taken to mean that she is Scottish, and others that she cannot possibly be. Other than one mention of her "stately tread" in the novel A Study in Scarlet, she is given no physical description or first name, although some commentators have identified her with the "Martha" in "His Last Bow".[22][23]

Watson described the relationship between Holmes and Hudson in the opening of "The Adventure of the Dying Detective":

Mrs. Hudson, the landlady of Sherlock Holmes, was a long-suffering woman. Not only was her first-floor flat invaded at all hours by throngs of singular and often undesirable characters but her remarkable lodger showed an eccentricity and irregularity in his life which must have sorely tried her patience. His incredible untidiness, his addiction to music at strange hours, his occasional revolver practice within doors, his weird and often malodorous scientific experiments, and the atmosphere of violence and danger which hung around him made him the very worst tenant in London. On the other hand, his payments were princely. I have no doubt that the house might have been purchased at the price which Holmes paid for his rooms during the years that I was with him. The landlady stood in the deepest awe of him and never dared to interfere with him, however outrageous his proceedings might seem. She was fond of him, too, for he had a remarkable gentleness and courtesy in his dealings with women.[24]

In the first Sherlock Holmes story, A Study in Scarlet, there is a landlady of 221B Baker Street, though her name is not given. The landlady is identified as Mrs. Hudson in the following story, The Sign of the Four. In The Sign of the Four, she worries about Holmes's health after hearing him spend the night pacing up and down.[25] At one point in "A Scandal in Bohemia" Holmes calls the landlady "Mrs. Turner", rather than Mrs. Hudson, which has caused much speculation among Holmes fans.[26] It has been suggested that Mrs. Turner was substituting for Mrs. Hudson or that Holmes or Watson mistakenly used the wrong name, though it may have simply been an error by Doyle, since the name Mrs. Turner also appeared in an early draft of "The Adventure of the Empty House" but was corrected to Mrs. Hudson.[27] When Holmes is in retirement in Sussex in "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane", he says he is living with his "old housekeeper", which some readers believe is Mrs. Hudson.[25]

Mrs. Hudson sometimes escorts visitors up the steps to Holmes's flat, such as Inspectors Gregson and Baynes in "The Adventure of Wisteria Lodge" and some sailors in "The Adventure of Black Peter". She also occasionally brings Holmes a card or telegram on a tray, for instance when she brings Holmes the card of John Garrideb in "The Adventure of the Three Garridebs" and a telegram in "The Adventure of the Dancing Men". In "The Adventure of the Naval Treaty", she apparently plays along with Holmes's dramatic reveal of the missing treaty to Mr. Phelps by serving Mr. Phelps a covered dish with the recovered treaty inside. Mrs. Hudson is displeased on the two occasions Holmes is visited by a dirty group of Baker Street Irregulars, expressing "disgust" when the Irregulars arrive in A Study in Scarlet and "dismay" when they appear in The Sign of the Four.[28] In "The Adventure of the Speckled Band", Mrs. Hudson is woken up early and, by the time Watson is up, has "had the good sense to light the fire" according to Holmes.[25]

Holmes tells Watson in "The Adventure of the Empty House" that his sudden return to Baker Street three years after his supposed death "threw Mrs. Hudson into violent hysterics". In the same story, Watson notes that their old Baker Street rooms are unchanged due to "the supervision of Mycroft Holmes and the immediate care of Mrs. Hudson".[29] Mrs. Hudson also places herself in danger to assist Holmes in the story, by carefully moving a bust of Holmes every quarter of an hour to fool a sniper, Colonel Sebastian Moran, into thinking the bust is actually Holmes.[28] When Moran fires his gun, the bullet passes through the bust and hits the wall, after which it is picked up by Mrs. Hudson. She expresses dismay that the bust of Holmes was spoiled by the bullet and presents the bullet to Holmes.[29]

There is no mention in the stories of Mrs. Hudson's husband. It has been suggested as a possibility that she was never married, since the title "Mrs." was used in the Victorian era as a respectful title for high-ranking domestic staff, regardless of marital status.[23]

In addition to the page Billy, Mrs. Hudson employs a live-in maid at Baker Street. Watson hears the maid going to bed while he is waiting up for Holmes in A Study in Scarlet, and waits for the maid to bring him coffee in "The Five Orange Pips". She brings Holmes a telegram in "The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans". It has been suggested that this maid could be the Mrs. Turner who appears in "A Scandal in Bohemia". While no relatives of Mrs. Hudson's are identified in the stories, she shares her surname with a character in "The Adventure of the Gloria Scott" and another in "The Adventure of the Six Napoleons". There are also characters with the surname Turner in "The Boscombe Valley Mystery".[25]

Daniel Smith writes in his book The Sherlock Holmes Companion that, though few details are given about Mrs. Hudson in Doyle's stories, the character "has become one of the iconic figures of Sherlock Holmes's world" due largely to portrayals of Mrs. Hudson in film and television.[30]

Film

Mme. d'Esterre played Mrs. Hudson in multiple titles in the 1921–1923 Stoll film series starring Eille Norwood as Holmes, including the short films The Dying Detective (1921) and The Man with the Twisted Lip (1921), as well as the feature films The Hound of the Baskervilles (1921) and The Sign of Four (1923).[31]

Other actresses who have played Mrs. Hudson in films include Minnie Rayner in The Sleeping Cardinal (1931), The Missing Rembrandt (1932), The Triumph of Sherlock Holmes (1935) and Silver Blaze (1937), Marie Ault in The Speckled Band (1931), Clare Greet in The Sign of Four (1932), and Tempe Pigott in A Study in Scarlet (1933).

Mary Gordon played Mrs. Hudson in the Sherlock Holmes 1939–1946 film series starring Basil Rathbone as Holmes and Nigel Bruce as Watson. Gordon's portrayal of Mrs. Hudson, along with the later portrayal of the character by Rosalie Williams in the Granada television series, helped establish the popular image of Mrs. Hudson.[30]

Mrs. Hudson was played by Edith Schultze-Westrum in Sherlock Holmes and the Deadly Necklace (1962), Barbara Leake in A Study in Terror (1965), Irene Handl in The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (1970), Alison Leggatt in The Seven-Per-Cent Solution (1976), Betty Woolfe in Murder by Decree (1979),[10] and Pat Keen in Without a Clue (1988). Mrs. Hudson appears in the 2002 anime film Case Closed: The Phantom of Baker Street, in which she is voiced by Kei Hayami in the original Japanese release, and Emily Gray in the English-language dub.

Geraldine James portrayed Mrs. Hudson in Guy Ritchie's 2009 film Sherlock Holmes and the following 2011 film Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows. Mrs. Hudson was played by Sarah Crowden in Mr. Holmes (2015) and by Kelly Macdonald in Holmes and Watson (2018).

Television

Mrs. Hudson has been portrayed by multiple actresses in television films and series, including Violet Besson in The Three Garridebs (1937), Iris Vandeleur in the 1951 television series, Mary Holder, Enid Lindsey, and Grace Arnold in the 1965–1968 television series, Marguerite Young in Doctor Watson and the Darkwater Hall Mystery (1974), Marjorie Bennett in Sherlock Holmes in New York (1976),[10] Rina Zelyonaya in the 1979–1986 Soviet television film series The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, and Pat Keen in The Baker Street Boys (1983) as well as in the 1988 film Without a Clue. In the 1983 animated television adaptation of The Sign of Four, she was voiced by Lynn Rainbow.[32]

In Granada Television's Sherlock Holmes series (1984–1994), Mrs. Hudson was played by Rosalie Williams. Williams, along with Mary Gordon in the Rathbone films, did much to form the popular image of Mrs. Hudson.[30]

In the TMS anime series Sherlock Hound (1984–1985) directed by Hayao Miyazaki, Mrs. Hudson is depicted as a younger woman, and a widow of a pilot named Jim. In this incarnation, her full name is revealed to be Marie Hudson, and fitting with the theme of the characters being canines, she resembles a Golden Retriever. She normally stays behind at 221B Baker Street, but accompanies Hound and Watson on a few cases, usually any that involve something related to flight, and is shown to be a very skilled driver, pilot, and marksman. She is once kidnapped by Professor Moriarty and his henchmen as a part of a scheme to defeat Hound, though Moriarty vows to never involve her in his schemes after she shows him kindness during the time she's kept as a hostage. Additionally, it's shown that most of the main male cast of the series (namely Hound and especially Watson) are attracted to her. She is voiced by Yōko Asagami in the original Japanese release and by Patricia Parris in the English-language dub.

Mrs. Hudson was portrayed by Jenny Laird in The Masks of Death (1984), Margaret John in the television films Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady (1991) and Incident at Victoria Falls (1992), and Kathleen McAuliffe in the television films The Royal Scandal (2001) and The Case of the Whitechapel Vampire (2002).

In the BBC series Sherlock (2010–2017), she is played by actress and TV presenter Una Stubbs. She offers Holmes a lower rent because he helped her out by ensuring the conviction and execution of her husband in Florida after he murdered two people. In "A Scandal in Belgravia" when agents torture Mrs. Hudson trying to find a mobile phone, Sherlock repeatedly throws the agent responsible out of an upper-level window, and later states that "England would fall" if Mrs. Hudson left Baker Street. In "His Last Vow" her name is revealed to be Martha Louise Hudson (née Sissons), a semi-reformed alcoholic and former exotic dancer. Her "pressure point", according to Charles Augustus Magnussen’s information on her, is marijuana.

A transgender Ms. Hudson appears in the 19th episode of the US series Elementary, "Snow Angels" (2013),[33] as an expert in Ancient Greek who essentially makes a living as a kept woman and muse for various wealthy men; Holmes allows her to stay in the apartment after a break-up, and she subsequently agrees to clean for them once a week as a source of income and to prevent Holmes from having to do it himself.[33] She is portrayed by Candis Cayne.

Mrs. Hudson was portrayed by Ingeborga Dapkūnaitė in the Russian 2013 television series Sherlock Holmes.

In the NHK puppetry television series Sherlock Holmes (2014–2015), Mrs. Hudson (voiced by Keiko Horiuchi) is a jolly housemother of Baker House, one of the houses of Beeton School. She loves singing and baking biscuits and calls Holmes by his first name Sherlock. She is particularly kind to him and Watson because Holmes saves her when she is in a predicament in the first episode "The First Adventure", which was loosely based on A Study in Scarlet. In episode 11, loosely based on "The Adventure of the Speckled Band", she finds a big snake in the school.[34]

In the anime television series Case File nº221: Kabukicho (2019–2020), a re-imagined version of the character is voiced by Junichi Suwabe in the original Japanese release, and by David Wald in the English-language dub.

Radio

Mary Gordon, who played Mrs. Hudson in the 1939–1946 film series starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, also portrayed Mrs. Hudson in the Sherlock Holmes radio series with Rathbone and Bruce, The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes.[35] Gordon played the character in multiple episodes, for example "The Night Before Christmas" (1945) and "The Adventure of the Tell-Tale Pigeon Feathers" (1946).[36]

On various BBC radio stations, Mrs. Hudson was played by Dora Gregory in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" (1945), Susan Richards in a different dramatisation of the same story in 1948, Elizabeth Maude in "The Dying Detective" and "The Second Stain" (both in 1954), Elsa Palmer in The Sign of Four (1959), Kathleen Helme in "The Naval Treaty" (1960), Penelope Lee in "The Valley of Fear" (1960), Gudrun Ure in "The Empty House" (1961), Beryl Calder in "Thor Bridge" (1962), and Grizelda Hervey in "The Sign of the Four" (1963). Barbara Mitchell portrayed Mrs. Hudson in "A Study in Scarlet" (1962), "The Five Orange Pips" (1966), "The Dying Detective" (1967), and "The Second Stain" (1967). Janet Morrison played Mrs. Hudson in "The Bruce-Partington Plans", "The Three Garridebs", "The Norwood Builder", and "The Retired Colourman" (all in 1964), plus "The Dancing Men", "The Lion's Mane", and "His Last Bow" (all in 1969).[37]

In the 1989–1998 BBC radio series with Clive Merrison as Sherlock Holmes, Mrs. Hudson was portrayed by Anna Cropper in adaptations of A Study in Scarlet and The Sign of the Four (1989),[38] by Mary Allen in adaptations of "A Scandal in Bohemia" and "The Noble Bachelor" (1990–91),[39] by Joan Matheson in adaptations of "The Yellow Face", "The Empty House", "The Second Stain", "The Dying Detective", "The Mazarin Stone", "The Three Garridebs", and "The Retired Colourman" (1992–95),[40] and by Judi Dench in the dramatisation of The Hound of the Baskervilles (1998).[41]

Lee Paasch voiced Mrs. Hudson for Imagination Theatre's radio series The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes from 1998 until her death in 2013, and was the only actress to voice Mrs. Hudson in the related series by Imagination Theatre, The Classic Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (2005–2016), which adapted all of Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories for radio. Mrs. Hudson is Holmes's client in an episode of The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, "The Hudson Problem" (2006).[42] Ellen McLain has played Mrs. Hudson on Imagination Theatre since 2019.

Mrs. Hudson was voiced by June Whitfield in the 1999 radio series The Newly Discovered Casebook of Sherlock Holmes. The character was played by Beth Chalmers in two Sherlock Holmes audio drama releases by Big Finish Productions, one released in 2011 titled Sherlock Holmes: The Final Problem/The Empty House,[43] and one released in 2012 titled Sherlock Holmes: The Tangled Skein.[44]

Mrs. Hudson was portrayed by Patricia Hodge in the 2-episode comedic radio play Mrs Hudson's Radio Show in 2018. The show presented a humorous take on Mrs Hudson's life in Baker Street.[45]

Pastiches

Mrs. Clara (née Clarisa) Hudson is a much more developed character in Laurie R. King's series of novels focusing on the detective scholar Mary Russell. In this alternative extension of the Holmes mythology, the retired Holmes marries his much younger apprentice and partner. Russell and Holmes meet after the traumatic death of her family in California when she moves to the farm adjoining Holmes' Sussex home. Mrs. Hudson takes the young and emotionally fragile Russell under her wing, and Russell comes to think of her as a friend, a second mother, and a rock in the whirl of danger that always surrounds Holmes. The novel The Murder of Mary Russell (2016) tells Mrs. Hudson's biography over several generations, her meeting and bond with Holmes, and her ties to Russell. The novel appeared after the development of Mrs. Hudson's character in the BBC series Sherlock. As in that rendition of the character, Mrs. Hudson has a criminal past and initially met Holmes in unsavory circumstances, in this case when she murdered her father to save Holmes' life. Holmes buys the Baker St. house for Hudson and establishes her as his landlady. In typical Holmesian logic, this relieves him of the tedium of homeownership and explains both her forbearance with her tenant and his uncharacteristic affection for her. A skilled actress and con artist, she is comfortable with the criminals who inhabit his world and enjoys playing occasional roles in investigations in which an eminently respectable older woman might be needed. In this series, she is slightly older than Holmes (although Russell and Watson think she is significantly older), born in Scotland, raised in Australia, and an immigrant to England. She acted as a mother surrogate to Billy Mudd, Holmes' first 'Irregular', has one sister who lived to adulthood, and one illegitimate child of her own. Holmes states explicitly that the condition of her remaining in England and their relationship is that Hudson's life prior to the murder is never to be mentioned, that they must never have a sexual or romantic relationship, and that she know that her history as a criminal and murderer will always be present in his mind whenever they interact. To Holmes, Hudson represents a way of solving the ethical problem of what to do with someone who murders to prevent harm, but who may return to criminal activity. His manipulation of Hudson removes Hudson and Mudd from lives as criminals, keeps Hudson's infant from the workhouse, and provides Holmes with a housekeeper and intelligent ally.

In Sherlock Holmes' War of the Worlds (1975) it is suggested that Holmes and the younger Mrs. Hudson had a long-lasting love relationship, obvious to all but the naive Watson.

Mrs Hudson is the detective in the novels Mrs Hudson and the Spirits' Curse (2002),[46] Mrs Hudson and the Malabar Rose (2005),[47] Mrs Hudson and the Lazarus Testament (2015), and Mrs Hudson and the Samarkand Conspiracy (2020) by Martin Davies,[48] and in Barry S. Brown's Mrs. Hudson of Baker Street series of novels, including The Unpleasantness at Parkerton Manor (2010), Mrs. Hudson and The Irish Invincibles (2011), Mrs. Hudson in the Ring (2013), Mrs. Hudson in New York (2015), and Mrs Hudson's Olympic Triumph (2017).[49]

She is also a detective in The House at Baker Street (2016)[50] and The Women of Baker Street (2017),[51] by Michelle Birkby, and in Susan Knight's 2019 book Mrs Hudson Investigates.[52] The 2017 book Memoirs from Mrs. Hudson's Kitchen, by Wendy Heyman-Marsaw, is written from Mrs. Hudson's perspective.[53]

The 2012 book Mrs Hudson's Diaries: A View from the Landing at 221B was written by Barry Cryer and Bob Cryer.[54] The comedic radio play Mrs. Hudson's Radio Show (2018) was based on the book.[45]

The character Mrs. Judson in the Basil of Baker Street books is based on Mrs. Hudson.

Other media

In the 1923 play The Return of Sherlock Holmes, Mrs. Hudson was portrayed by Esmé Hubbard. Mrs. Hudson was played by Paddy Edwards in the 1965 musical Baker Street, though the character does not perform any of the songs in the musical.[55] Julia Sutton played Mrs. Hudson in the original 1988 production of Sherlock Holmes: The Musical, in which one song is performed solely by Mrs. Hudson (in which she laments the misfortunes in her life), and another song is performed by Mrs. Hudson and others.[56]

She appears briefly in the Mythos Software video games The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Serrated Scalpel (voiced by Diana Montano)[32] and The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Rose Tattoo (voiced by Coralie Persee).[57] A puzzle game titled Mrs. Hudson was released by Everett Kaser Software.[58] Mrs. Hudson also appears in the Frogwares video games Sherlock Holmes: Crimes & Punishments (2014) and Sherlock Holmes: The Devil's Daughter (2016).

Shinwell Johnson

Shinwell "Porky" Johnson is a former criminal who acts as informant and occasional muscle for Sherlock Holmes (Although Watson notes that he is only useful in cases that by their nature will not go to court as he would compromise his connection to Holmes and thus render himself useless as a source if he ever had to testify as part of a case). He appears in "The Adventure of the Illustrious Client" where he protects Kitty from Baron Grüner's henchmen and provides Holmes with insight into how he might go about infiltrating Grüner's house to acquire a certain book.

He appears in the Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective video game series (1991–1993), in which he is a former criminal and innkeeper. He is referred to in the BBC radio adaptations of Sherlock Holmes, specifically in an episode of The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, "The Ferrers Documents" (2009), where he appears to carry on with intimidation business. He is played in the episode by Dan Starkey.

The fifth season of the TV show Elementary introduced an updated version of the character (played by Nelsan Ellis) as both a former patient of Watson's and ex-convict now attempting to go straight.[59] He became part of a complex sting operation to infiltrate and dismantle his old gang, but after Sherlock and Joan decided to trust him even after learning that he killed one of his old associates in the gang, he was killed before he could complete his assignment.

Athelney Jones

Inspector Athelney Jones is a Scotland Yard detective who appears in The Sign of the Four. He arrests the entire household of Bartholomew Sholto, including his brother and servants, on suspicion of his murder, but is forced to release all but one of them, much to his own embarrassment.

Athelney Jones was played by Siôn Probert in the 1989 radio adaptation of The Sign of the Four in the 1989–1998 BBC Radio series.[60] Siôn Probert also played Jones in two episodes of the BBC radio series The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, "The Singular Inheritance of Miss Gloria Wilson" (2002) and "The Thirteen Watches" (2009).[61]

Inspector MacDonald

Inspector Alec MacDonald is a Scotland Yard inspector who appears in the novel The Valley of Fear. He is from Aberdeen, Scotland. Watson states that MacDonald is "a silent, precise man with a dour nature and a hard Aberdonian accent. Twice already in his career had Holmes helped him to attain success".[62] MacDonald respects Holmes, and Holmes calls him "friend MacDonald" and frequently addresses him as "Mr. Mac".[62]

According to Owen Dudley Edwards, Inspector MacDonald may have been inspired by Inspector Mackenzie, a fictional Scottish police detective in E. W. Hornung's A. J. Raffles stories, though the two inspectors are different in character.[63]

Gordon Jackson played Inspector MacDonald in the television film The Masks of Death (1984).[64] He was played by Mark Bonnar in the 1997 radio adaptation of The Valley of Fear in the 1989–1998 BBC Radio series.[65] MacDonald is played by Dennis Bateman and David Natale in the American radio series The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, in which he is a recurring character.[66]

Mary Morstan (later Watson)

Mary Morstan is the wife of Dr. Watson. She is first introduced in The Sign of the Four, where she and Watson tentatively become attracted to each other, but only when the case is resolved is he able to propose to her. She is described as blonde with pale skin. At the time she hires Holmes she had been making a living as a governess. Although at the end of the story the main treasure is lost, she has received six pearls from a chaplet of the Agra Treasure.

Her father, Captain Arthur Morstan, was a senior captain of an Indian regiment and later stationed near the Andaman Islands. He disappeared in 1878 under mysterious circumstances that would later be proven to be related to the mystery, The Sign of the Four. Her mother died sometime before 1878 and she had no other relatives in England, although she was educated there (in accordance with the received wisdom of the time about children in the colony of India) until the age of seventeen. Shortly afterwards her father disappeared and she found work as a governess. Watson and Mary marry in 1889.

Mary Morstan is mentioned in passing in "The Adventure of the Crooked Man" and "The Boscombe Valley Mystery", but by the time of "The Adventure of the Norwood Builder" (after Holmes's return) Mary Morstan has died and Watson has returned to his former lodgings in Baker Street. Her cause of death is never mentioned.

Leslie S. Klinger writes that there appear to be contradictions regarding Mary Morstan between the stories. According to Morstan in The Sign of the Four, which likely takes place in summer 1888, her mother died many years ago and she has no relatives in England. However, in "The Five Orange Pips", which is explicitly dated by Watson in September 1887, Watson is already married, and is again in Baker Street because his wife was "on a visit to her mother's". These discrepancies may be errors, though Klinger suggests they indicate that Watson had a wife who preceded Mary Morstan and died before 1888.[67]

Film and television

Mary Morstan has been portrayed on film and television by several actresses. In many cases, her role is expanded in new stories.

Radio and stage

Langdale Pike

Langdale Pike is a celebrated gossipmonger whose columns are published in numerous magazines and newspapers (referred to as the "garbage papers" by Watson). He's introduced in "The Adventure of the Three Gables" in which he helps Holmes learn the name of the woman who led Douglas Maberley to his demise, although he does not actually appear in the story itself and is only referred to by Watson who describes Pike as "strange" and "languid" and states that all of Pike's waking hours are spent "in the bow window of a St. James's Street club". His character has however been expanded on or fleshed out elsewhere.

In William S. Baring-Gould's biography of Sherlock Holmes, Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street (1962), it is claimed that Pike is a college acquaintance of Holmes who encourages a young Holmes to try his hand at acting. Here his real name is given as 'Lord Peter'. Langdale Pike also appears in the Sherlock Holmes: Consulting Detective video game series (1991–1993).

In Peter Ling's 1994 radio play of "The Three Gables" for the BBC Radio series,[74] Pike's real name is said to be Clarence Gable. Here he is also an old school-friend of Holmes's and is nervous of strangers and reluctant to leave his club for this reason. In both the 1994 BBC radio play and the 2007 Imagination Theatre radio adaptation of the story,[75] "Langdale Pike" is said to be a pen name derived from the Langdale Pikes. The Imagination Theatre version implies his real name is Lord Peter, as in Baring-Gould's book.

In the Granada television adaptation starring Jeremy Brett as Holmes, Pike (played by Peter Wyngarde) is apparently an old university friend of Holmes's. Here he claims to be the benevolent counterpart of Charles Augustus Milverton (the eponymous blackmailer of The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton), who suppresses more information than he exposes. Though Watson is rather scathing about Pike, Holmes is more sympathetic towards him, suggesting that Pike is isolated, much like Holmes himself.

In the American television series Elementary, Pike appears in the first episode of the second season as one of Holmes' sources in London; details are not seen as Pike moves quickly when delivering a package to Watson.[76] "Langdale" is used as a British Intelligence codename in the first episode of the fourth series of Sherlock, along with "Porlock," the name of another Holmes informer in the original stories. In the NHK puppetry television series Sherlock Holmes (2014–2015), Pike is a pupil of Beeton School and assists Holmes in his investigation. He also works as informant and is fast at his job but tight with money. Besides he sells photographs of girls to male pupils. Tomokazu Seki voices him.

Toby

Toby is a dog who is used by Sherlock Holmes. He appears in The Sign of the Four and is described by Watson as an "ugly long haired, lop-eared creature, half spaniel and half lurcher, brown and white in colour, with a very clumsy waddling gait." Though used by Holmes, the dog belongs to Mr. Sherman who keeps a menagerie of creatures at No. 3 Pinchin Lane in Lambeth, in London. Toby lives at No. 7 within his house. Holmes states he would "rather have Toby's help than that of the whole detective force in London" and requests the dog by name. Holmes uses a different tracking dog while in Cambridge in "The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter".

Toby also featured in the 1978 pastische novel Sherlock Holmes vs Dracula; or, The Adventures of the Sanguinary Count by Loren D. Estleman, when Watson and Holmes called on Toby to track Count Dracula after finding him in a meat-packing district – Dracula's carriage having rolled through blood and old entrails – allowing the two to track Dracula to Watson's house in time to learn that he has abducted Mary Watson.

In the Holmes-esque The Great Mouse Detective (1986), Toby is a Basset Hound and a permanent resident of 221b Baker Street. He is frequently used by Basil, the eponymous protagonist, as a means of transport and to pick up trails. Toby appears in the video game The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Serrated Scalpel (1992) and its sequel The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Rose Tattoo (1996). In the video game The Testament of Sherlock Holmes (2012) and some of the other games in the Sherlock Holmes video game series, a Basset Hound version of Toby is briefly controlled by the player.

In the NHK puppetry television series Sherlock Holmes (2014–2015), Toby is kept by Sherman in a shed in Beeton School and assists Holmes in his investigation. In the series, Sherman is a female pupil who loves animals and communicates with them, unlike Mr. Sherman in The Sign of the Four. Though being a pupil of Baker House, she does not live in the house, but in the shed with animals. In the BBC series Sherlock, in the first episode of the fourth season titled "The Six Thatchers", Sherlock Holmes requires the services of a bloodhound named Toby.

Wiggins

Wiggins is a street urchin in London and head of the Baker Street Irregulars. He has no first name in the stories. He appears in A Study in Scarlet (1887) and The Sign of the Four (1890).

Wiggins was voiced on BBC radio by Paul Taylor in the 1959 serial The Sign of Four,[77] by David Valla in the 1962 BBC radio dramatisation of "A Study in Scarlet", and by Glyn Dearman in "The Sign of the Four" (1963).[78] In the 1965 musical Baker Street, Wiggins was portrayed by Teddy Green. Wiggins was played by Tony McLaren in the 1968 episodes "The Study in Scarlet" and "The Sign of the Four" of the television series Sherlock Holmes.[79]

The film The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (1970), directed by Billy Wilder, features a character called Wiggins (played by Graham Armitage) who is a footman at the Diogenes Club. He delivers a note to Mycroft Holmes (played by Christopher Lee) and receives instructions concerning various items. Wiggins was played by Jay Simpson in the 1983 television series The Baker Street Boys. Courtney Roper-Knight portrayed Wiggins in the 1987 television film "The Sign of Four", part of the Granada Television series Sherlock Holmes.[80] In the 1988 film Without a Clue, Wiggins was played by Matthew Savage. The 1989–1991 animated television series Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century features a version of the character also named Wiggins, voiced by Viv Leacock.

Wiggins appears in the video game The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Serrated Scalpel (1992) and was played by Corey Miller in the version of the game released in 1994.[81] Wiggins returns in the sequel The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Rose Tattoo (1996), voiced by Paul Vincent Black.[82] The character, credited as "Bill Wiggins", also appears in the series three finale of Sherlock portrayed by Tom Brooke as a drug user who actually demonstrates the beginning of Sherlock's deductive skills, and later appoints himself a "pupil" of Sherlock's. In the video game Sherlock Holmes: Crimes & Punishments (2014), Wiggins plays a significant role in the last case of the game.

Non-canonical

Some fictional characters associated with Sherlock Holmes are not part of the Conan Doyle canon and were created by other writers.

Auguste Lupa

Auguste Lupa is the son of Sherlock Holmes and Irene Adler. He appears in two pastiche novels by author John Lescroart, Son of Holmes (1986) and Rasputin's Revenge (1987). Lupa, a secret agent during the First World War, is strongly implied to be the younger version of fictional detective Nero Wolfe in the mystery series by Rex Stout.

Enola Holmes

Enola Holmes is the younger sister and youngest sibling of Sherlock and Mycroft Holmes. She appears in the series The Enola Holmes Mysteries by Nancy Springer and it could be inferred that she appears in the story The Copper Beeches as Violet Hunter, however there is not enough evidence to support the idea. Enola is a very independent and rebellious girl who likes to wear trousers while riding her bike. She becomes a Perditorian, or finder of lost things, when her mother runs away with the gypsies and her brothers try to send her to boarding school. Using her natural cunning which seems to be inherited by every member of the Holmes family, she creates multiple disguises on her quest to be reunited with her mother and evade her brothers.

Eurus Holmes
See also: List of Sherlock characters § Eurus Holmes

It is hinted that there is a third Holmes sibling in the third-series episode "His Last Vow" of the BBC Sherlock series. In the second episode of the fourth series, "The Lying Detective", it is confirmed that Mycroft and Sherlock in fact have a sister named Eurus. She is extremely intelligent but unfeeling and is incarcerated in a maximum security psychiatric facility. She is the main antagonist in the last episode of the fourth series, "The Final Problem".

Mary Russell
Main article: Mary Russell (character)

Mary Russell is a fictional character in a book series by Laurie R. King, focusing on the adventures of Russell and her mentor and, later, husband, an aging Sherlock Holmes.

Morland Holmes

Morland Holmes is the influential businessman and father of Sherlock and Mycroft, interpreted by John Noble in the TV adaptation Elementary. According to Sherlock, Morland Holmes doesn't care about his sons, and only does what he does out of a sense of familial obligations. Sherlock says he is a serial absentee, and that he has been so since Sherlock was a boy. He sent Sherlock to boarding school when he was eight years old.

Raffles Holmes

Raffles Holmes, the son of Sherlock Holmes, is a fictional character in the 1906 collection of short stories Raffles Holmes and Company by John Kendrick Bangs. He is described as the son of Sherlock Holmes by Marjorie Raffles, the daughter of gentleman thief A.J. Raffles.

Wold Newton family theorist Win Scott Eckert devised an explanation in his Original Wold Newton Universe Crossover Chronology[83] to reconcile the existence of Raffles Holmes with canonical information about Sherlock Holmes and A.J. Raffles, which fellow Wold Newton speculator Brad Mengel incorporated into his essay "Watching the Detectives." According to the theory, Holmes married Marjorie in 1883, and she died giving birth to Raffles later that year. Since Raffles and Holmes are contemporaries, it has been suggested that Marjorie was actually Raffles' sister.

Eckert further proposed in his Crossover Chronology that (1) Raffles Holmes was the same character as the "lovely, lost son" of Sherlock Holmes referred to in Laurie R. King's Mary Russell novels,[84] and (2) Raffles Holmes was the father of Creighton Holmes, who is featured in the collection of short stories The Adventures of Creighton Holmes by Ned Hubbell.[85]

Mengel's online essay was revised for publication in the Eckert-edited Myths for the Modern Age: Philip José Farmer's Wold Newton Universe (MonkeyBrain Books, 2005), a collection of Wold Newton essays by Farmer and several other "post-Farmerian" contributors, authorised by Farmer as an extension of his Wold Newton mythos. He does not appear or is ever mentioned in any of the original stories of Sherlock Holmes and is not a creation of Doyle.

Sherrinford Holmes

Sherrinford Holmes is a proposed elder brother of Sherlock Holmes and Mycroft Holmes. His name is taken from early notes as one of those considered by Arthur Conan Doyle for his detective hero before settling on "Sherlock Holmes".[86] The name is used of Holmes by Stamford in the 1954 radio show 'Dr Watson Meets Sherlock Holmes' as he attempts to remember Holmes' first name.[87]

He was first proposed by William S. Baring-Gould who wrote in his fictional biography Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street (1962) that Sherrinford was the eldest brother of Sherlock Holmes.[88] Holmes once stated that his family were country squires, which means that the eldest brother would have to stay to manage the estate. If Mycroft were the eldest, he could not play the role he does in four stories of the Sherlock Holmes canon, so Sherrinford frees them both. This position is strengthened by the fact that Mycroft's general position as a senior civil servant was a common choice among the younger sons of the gentry.

The character (as "Sherringford") appears along with his brothers in the Virgin New Adventures Doctor Who novel All-Consuming Fire by Andy Lane, where he is revealed to be the member of a cult worshiping an alien telepathic slug that is mutating him and his followers into an insect-like form; the novel culminates with Holmes being forced to shoot his brother to save Watson.[89]

He also appears, accused of a murder that Sherlock must find him innocent of, in the Call of Cthulhu roleplaying game adventure The Yorkshire Horrors.[90] Sherrinford also appears in the Italian comic series Storie da Altrove (a spin-off of Martin Mystère) as the eldest brother, born nine years before him, of Sherlock himself.[91][92]

Sigerson Holmes

The film The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother has as its protagonist Sigerson Holmes who Sherlock (a minor character) identifies as a brother of himself and Mycroft. The name "Sigerson" is an alias mentioned in passing in a Conan Doyle story as an alias Sherlock used while posing as an explorer.

Amelia Watson

She is the second wife of Dr. John Watson whose adventures are chronicled in a series of short stories and novels by Michael Mallory. Amelia Watson is based upon the enigmatic reference to Watson's having left Holmes in 1902 for a wife, which appears in the canonical story The Adventure of the Blanched Soldier, though the woman in the story is never named or identified, nor mentioned again in the canon.

See also

References
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