Meuse-Inférieure

Meuse-Inférieure ([møz ɛ̃.fe.ʁjœʁ] "Lower Meuse"; Dutch: Beneden-Maas; German: Unteren-Maas) was a department of the French First Republic and French First Empire in present-day Belgium, Netherlands and Germany. It was named after the river Meuse. Its territory corresponded largely with the present-day provinces of Belgian and Dutch Limburg. It was created on 1 October 1795, when the Austrian Netherlands, the Prince-Bishopric of Liège and the left bank of the Rhine were officially annexed by the French Republic.[2] Before this annexation, its territory was part of the County of Loon, the Austrian Upper Guelders, the Staats-Oppergelre, the County of Horne, the Abbacy of Thorn, Maastricht and part of the Lands of Overmaas. The lands of the original medieval Duchy of Limburg were associated with the Overmaas lands, lying to their south. The two regions had long been governed together and referred to collectively with both names, but the original Duchy lands were not part of this new entity.

Department of Meuse-Inférieure

Département de la Meuse-Inférieure (fr)
Departement Beneden-Maas (nl)
Departement der Unteren-Maas (de)
1795–1814
Meuse-Inférieure and other annexed departments
StatusDepartment of the French First Republic and the French First Empire
Chef-lieuMaastricht
51°0′N 5°35′E
Official languagesFrench
Historical eraFrench Revolutionary Wars
• Creation
1 October 1795
• Treaty of Paris, disestablished
30 May 1814
Area
18143,786 km2 (1,462 sq mi)
Population
• 1814
267,249[1]
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Austrian Netherlands
Prince-Bishopric of Liège
Dutch Republic
United Kingdom of the Netherlands
Today part of
Map of the former Meuse-Inférieure département.

The Chef-lieu of the department was Maastricht. The department was subdivided into the following three arrondissements and cantons:

After Napoleon was defeated in 1814, the department (excluding Niederkrüchten and Herzogenrath which were assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia and are presently located in North Rhine-Westphalia) became part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, as the Province of Limburg (with a part of the Roer département).

In subsequent events starting in 1830, a part of this Kingdom split out to become Belgium. By 1839 it was settled that the Hasselt canton of Limburg, plus significant parts of the other two, went into Belgium, while the rest remained in the Netherlands. Both provinces have kept the name Limburg.

Administration

Prefects

The Prefect was the highest state representative in the department.

Term start Term end Office holder
29 March 1800[3]2 November 1801François Becays Ferrand dit Ferrand de Lacaussade
2 November 1801[4]31 January 1806Pierre Loysel
31 January 1806[5]30 May 1814Jean-Baptiste Roggieri

Secretaries-General

The Secretary-General was the deputy to the Prefect.

Term start Term end Office holder
2 March 180030 May 1814M.J. Reintjens

Subprefects of Hasselt
Term start Term end Office holder
17 April 1800[1]13 October 1813Jean Baptiste Bertrand Arnoul
13 October 1813[1]21 November 1813Briche
21 November 1813[1]6 January 1814Billig
6 January 1814[1]30 May 1814Baumes

Subprefects of Maastricht

The office of Subprefect of Maastricht was held by the Prefect until 1811.

Term start Term end Office holder
11 January 1811[1]30 May 1814Van den Rhoër

Subprefects of Roermond
Term start Term end Office holder
17 April 1800[1]3 May 1801Magniet
3 May 1801[1]24 July 1811Liger
24 July 1811[1]30 May 1814Brandes

References
  1. Tulard, Jean & Marie-José (2014). Napoléon et 40 millions de sujets: La centralisation et le premier empire. p. 330.
  2. Duvergier, Jean-Baptiste (1835). Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, réglemens et avis du Conseil d'état, t. 8. p. 300.
  3. Archives Nationales. "BECAYS FERRAND DIT FERRAND DE LACAUSSADE, François". francearchives.fr. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  4. Archives Nationales. "LOYSEL, Pierre". francearchives.fr. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
  5. Archives Nationales. "ROGGIERI, Jean-Baptiste". francearchives.fr. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
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