Madjars
The Madjars or Madi-yar people are a Turkic ethnic group in Kazakhstan. They number about 1,000–2,000 and live mostly in the Kostanay Region.
Ethnonym
Turkologist scholar Dr. Imre Baski claims that the ethnonym Madjar means 'faithful Muslim', literally 'friend or follower of Muhammad', ultimately from Muhammad-i-yar.[1]
"Madi-yar that proved to be a compound anthroponym (Madi[y]-yar) of Arabic-Persian origin. The paper also provides the explanation of the anthroponyms Aldi-yar (’Allah’s friend/follower’) and Ḫudi-yar (’God’s friend/follower’), the “relatives” of Madi(y)-yar (’Muhammad’s friend/follower’)".[2]
Genetics
Madjars have the highest recorded rate of Y-DNA Haplogroup G: a level of 86.7% (45 individuals).[3] This suggests that the Madjars are linked genetically to the neighbouring Argyn people of Kazakhstan, as well as various peoples of the Caucasus, and modern Iranians.
The Madjars have sometimes been linked onomastically to the Magyars (Hungarians); proponents of this view include supporters of "Hungarian Turanism", such as András Zsolt Bíró, who noticed the high frequency of Y-DNA Haplogroup G-M201 among Madiyars and the presence of Haplogroup G amongst Hungarians. However, it is not supported by any strong material evidence. In fact, haplogroup G is rare in Hungary (at a rate around 3%) and has much higher rates in parts of Western and Southern Europe (e.g. Italy and France). Southern German populations also have a higher rate of Haplogroup G than the Hungarian population.[4] Furthermore, Turkologist Imre Baski concluded that the Kazakh clan name Madi-yar "cannot possibly be linked to the Magyar ethnonym and thus cannot serve as proof for a relationship between Madiyar and Magyar."[5]
Footnotes
- Imre, Baski. "The Madijar: A Hungarian Tribe among the Kazakhs?". Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- Baski, Imre. "A kazak madijar nemzetségnév és a magyar népnév állítólagos közös eredetéről" (PDF). Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- Biro, A.; Zalan, A.; et al. (2009). "A Y-Chromosomal Comparison of the Madjars (Kazakhstan) and the Magyars (Hungary)". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 139 (3): 305–10. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20984. PMID 19170200.
- http://www.eupedia.com/europe/european_y-dna_haplogroups.shtml
- Imre, Baski. "The Madijar: A Hungarian Tribe among the Kazakhs?". Retrieved 24 May 2020.
Bibliography
- Nándor Dreisziger. 2011. "Genetic Research and Hungarian 'Deep Ancestry'": p. 3.
- D. Vanek, et al." 2009. "Kinship and Y-Chromosome Analysis of 7th Century Human Remains: Novel DNA Extraction and Typing Procedure for Ancient Material". Croatian Medical Journal, 50:3, pp. 286–95.