List of vulnerable molluscs

As of September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 879 vulnerable mollusc species.[1] 12% of all evaluated mollusc species are listed as vulnerable. The IUCN also lists 18 mollusc subspecies as vulnerable.

581 critically endangered mollusc species (8.4%)507 endangered mollusc species (7.3%)879 vulnerable mollusc species (13%)535 near threatened mollusc species (7.7%)2437 least concern mollusc species (35%)1988 data deficient mollusc species (29%)
Mollusc species (IUCN, 2020.1)
  • 6941 extant species have been evaluated
  • 4953 of those are fully assessed[lower-alpha 1]
  • 2972 are not threatened at present[lower-alpha 2]
  • 1967 to 3955 are threatened[lower-alpha 3]
  • 324 to 441 are extinct or extinct in the wild:
    • 311 extinct (EX) species[lower-alpha 4]
    • 13 extinct in the wild (EW)
    • 117 possibly extinct [CR(PE)]
    • 0 possibly extinct in the wild [CR(PEW)]

  1. excludes data deficient evaluations.
  2. NT, LR/cd, LC.
  3. Threatened comprises CR, EN and VU. Upper estimate additionally includes DD.
  4. Chart omits extinct (EX) species
Vulnerable (VU) species are considered to be facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.

No subpopulations of molluscs have been evaluated by the IUCN.

For a species to be assessed as vulnerable to extinction the best available evidence must meet quantitative criteria set by the IUCN designed to reflect "a high risk of extinction in the wild". Endangered and critically endangered species also meet the quantitative criteria of vulnerable species, and are listed separately. See: List of endangered molluscs, List of critically endangered molluscs. Vulnerable, endangered and critically endangered species are collectively referred to as threatened species by the IUCN.

Additionally 1988 mollusc species (27% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient, meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN.[2] While the category of data deficient indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed."[3]

This is a complete list of vulnerable mollusc species and subspecies evaluated by the IUCN.

Gastropods

There are 828 species and 16 subspecies of gastropod assessed as vulnerable.

Stylommatophora

Stylommatophora includes the majority of land snails and slugs. There are 339 species and six subspecies in the order Stylommatophora assessed as vulnerable.

Charopids

Helicarionids

Orthalicids

Euconulids

Streptaxids

Ferussaciids

Helminthoglyptids

  • White desert snail (Eremarionta immaculata)
  • Thousand Palms desert snail (Eremarionta millepalmarum)
  • Allyn Smith's banded snail (Helminthoglypta allynsmithi)
  • Mesa shoulderband (Helminthoglypta coelata)
  • Concentrated snail (Micrarionta facta)
  • Gabb's snail (Micrarionta gabbii)
  • Prickly Pear Island snail (Micrarionta opuntia)
  • Keeled sideband (Monadenia circumcarinata)
  • Trinity bristle snail (Monadenia setosa)
  • Plain cactus snail (Xerarionta intercisa)
  • Wreathed cactus snail (Xerarionta redimita)
  • Bicolor cactus snail (Xerarionta tryoni)

Oxychilids

Camaenids

Lauriids

Vertiginids

Species

Subspecies

  • Anauchen informis informis
  • Anauchen informis parcedentata

Trissexodontids

Helicids

Species

Subspecies

  • Hemicycla glyceia silensis

Hygromiids

Species

Subspecies

  • Leptaxis simia portosancti

Vitrinids

  • Oligolimax musignani
  • Phenacolimax blanci
  • Plutonia albopalliata
  • Plutonia dianae
  • Sardovitrina polloneriana

Chondrinids

Enids

  • Mastus amenazada
  • Mastus claudia
  • Napaeus boucheti
  • Napaeus elegans
  • Napaeus esbeltus
  • Napaeus lichenicola
  • Napaeus ornamentatus
  • Napaeus roccellicola
  • Napaeus rupicola
  • Napaeus tagamichensis
  • Napaeus taguluchensis

Other Stylommatophora

Species

Subspecies

  • Chlorilis hungerfordiana rufopila
  • Spelaeodiscus triarius tatricus

Littorinimorpha

There are 324 species and seven subspecies in the order Littorinimorpha assessed as vulnerable.

Hydrobiids

Species

Subspecies

  • Mexipyrgus de carranza snail (Mexipyrgus churinceanus carranzae)
  • Mexipyrgus churinceanus churinceanus
  • Mexipyrgus de Escobeda snail (Mexipyrgus churinceanus escobedae)
  • Mexipyrgus de Lugo snail (Mexipyrgus churinceanus lugoi)
  • Mexipyrgus de west el Mojarral snail (Mexipyrgus churinceanus mojarralis)
  • Mexipyrgus de East el Mojarral snail (Mexipyrgus churinceanus multilineatus)
  • Mexithauma de Cienegas snail (Mexipyrgus churinceanus quadripaludium)

Cochliopids

  • Heleobia andecola
  • Heleobia aperta
  • Heleobia aponensis
  • Heleobia galilaea
  • Heleobia ortoni

Bithyniids

  • Bithynia badiella
  • Bithynia cettinensis
  • Bithynia graeca
  • Bithynia kobialkai
  • Bithynia pseudemmericia
  • Bithynia quintanai
  • Bithynia yildirimii
  • Congodoma zairensis
  • Gabbia pallidula
  • Pseudobithynia ambrakis
  • Pseudobithynia kirka
  • Sierraia expansilabrum
  • Sierraia leonensis

Moitessieriids

  • Moitessieria calloti
  • Moitessieria foui
  • Moitessieria guadelopensis
  • Moitessieria juvenisanguis
  • Moitessieria lludrigaensis
  • Moitessieria massoti
  • Moitessieria mugae
  • Moitessieria nezi
  • Paladilhia jamblussensis
  • Paladilhia roselloi
  • Paladilhia umbilicata
  • Palaospeum bessoni
  • Spiralix gloriae
  • Spiralix pequenoensis

Assimineids

  • Acmella sp. 'Ba Tai'
  • Badwater snail (Assiminea infirma)
  • Fijianella calciphila
  • Fijianella cornucopia
  • Fijianella laddi
  • Omphalotropis costulata
  • Omphalotropis longula
  • Omphalotropis rosea

Pomatiopsids

  • Hubendickia pellucida
  • Hydrorissoia munensis
  • Jullienia albaobscura
  • Jullienia costata
  • Jullienia flava
  • Jullienia minima
  • Jullienia prasongi
  • Lacunopsis deiecta
  • Lacunopsis globosa
  • Lacunopsis minutarpiettei
  • Lacunopsis munensis
  • Oncomelania nosophora
  • Pachydrobia bertini
  • Pachydrobia levayi
  • Tricula conica
  • Tricula mahadevensis

Amnicolids

  • Amnicola cora
  • Stygian amnicola (Amnicola stygius)
  • Emmericia expansilabris
  • Emmericia ventricosa

Other Littorinimorpha species

  • Cremnoconchus conicus
  • Modoc pebblesnail (Fluminicola modoci)
  • Pseudobenedictia michnoi
  • Stenothyra decollata
  • Stenothyra laotiensis

Sorbeoconcha

There are 55 species in the order Sorbeoconcha assessed as vulnerable.

Pleurocerids

  • Anthony's riversnail (Athearnia anthonyi)
  • Acute elimia (Elimia acuta)
  • Mud elimia (Elimia alabamensis)
  • Coal elimia (Elimia aterina)
  • Flaxen elimia (Elimia boykiniana)
  • Spindle elimia (Elimia capillaris)
  • Lacy elimia (Elimia crenatella)
  • Silt elimia (Elimia haysiana)
  • Gladiator elimia (Elimia hydei)
  • Knotty elimia (Elimia interrupta)
  • Round-rib elimia (Elimia nassula)
  • Caper elimia (Elimia olivula)
  • Nymph elimia (Elimia porrecta)
  • Spring elimia (Elimia pybasi)
  • Brook elimia (Elimia strigosa)
  • Elegant elimia (Elimia teres)
  • Puzzle elimia (Elimia varians)
  • Leptoxis ampla
  • Knob mudalia (Leptoxis minor)
  • Spotted rocksnail (Leptoxis picta)
  • Mainstream river snail (Leptoxis praerosa)
  • Smooth rocksnail (Leptoxis virgata)
  • Armigerous river snail (Lithasia armigera)
  • Dutton's river snail (Lithasia duttoniana)
  • Muddy rocksnail (Lithasia salebrosa)
  • Rugged hornsnail (Pleurocera alveare)
  • Ringed hornsnail (Pleurocera annulifera)
  • Spiral hornsnail (Pleurocera brumbyi)
  • Shortspire hornsnail (Pleurocera curta)
  • Upland hornsnail (Pleurocera showalteri)
  • Telescope hornsnail (Pleurocera walkeri)

Melanopsids

  • Esperiana sangarica
  • Melanopsis subgraellsiana

Thiarids

Pachychilids

  • Brotia annamita
  • Brotia citrina
  • Brotia hoabinhensis
  • Brotia laodelectata
  • Brotia paludiformis
  • Brotia solemiana
  • Brotia subgloriosa
  • Brotia wykoffi
  • Potadoma alutacea
  • Potadoma vogeli

Paludomids

Architaenioglossa

Species

Subspecies

  • Renea moutonii moutonii
  • Renea moutonii singularis

Lower Heterobranchia species

Cycloneritimorpha

Hygrophila

Species

Subspecies

  • Gyraulus connollyi exilis

Neogastropoda

Conids

Eupulmonata

Bivalvia

There are 49 species and two subspecies in the class Bivalvia assessed as vulnerable.

Unionida

There are 37 species and two subspecies in the order Unionoida assessed as vulnerable.

Margaritiferids

  • Middendorff's freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera middendorffi)

Unionids

Species

  • Dwarf wedgemussel (Alasmidonta heterodon)
  • Brazzaea anceyi
  • Coelatura lobensis
  • Coelatura rotula
  • Cuneopsis rufescens
  • Roanoke slabshell (Elliptio roanokensis)
  • Purple bankclimber (Elliptoideus sloatianus)
  • Long solid mussel (Fusconaia subrotunda)
  • Lamprotula blaisei
  • Lamprotula polysticta
  • Lamprotula rochechouartii
  • Lamprotula scripta
  • Lamprotula tortuosa
  • Pink mucket (Lampsilis abrupta)
  • Lampsilis dolabraeformis
  • Microcondylaea bonellii
  • Mweruella mweruensis
  • Southern hickorynut (Obovaria jacksoniana)
  • Parreysia khadakvaslaensis
  • Tennessee clubshell (Pleurobema oviforme)
  • Fuzzy pigtoe (Pleurobema strodeanum)
  • Fat pocketbook pearly mussel (Potamilus capax)
  • Depressed river mussel (Pseudanodonta complanata)
  • Savannah lilliput (Toxolasma pullus)
  • Unio terminalis
  • Unio tumidiformis

Subspecies

  • Lampsilis reeviana reeviana

Hyriids

Iridinids

Species

Subspecies

  • Chambardia wahlbergi guillaini

Mycetopodids

  • Diplodontites olssoni

Cardiida

Arcida

  • Scaphula nagarjunai

Venerida

  • Congeria kusceri
  • Dreissena blanci
  • Pisidium artifex
  • Pisidium centrale
  • Pisidium sanguinichristi
  • Montane peaclam (Pisidium ultramontanum)
  • River orb mussel (Sphaerium rivicola)

Cephalopods

See also

References

  1. "IUCN Red List version 2016-2". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  2. "Limitations of the Data". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  3. "2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
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