Streptaxidae

The historical area of origin of the Streptaxidae is probably Gondwanaland.[6]

The family is widely distributed across the tropical and subtropical areas of South America, Africa and Asia.[7] The Recent native distribution of Streptaxidae includes South America, Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, Seychelles, Mayotte, Comores, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, India, Sri Lanka, Andamans, South-East Asia and the Philippines.[1] The genus Gibbulinella is found in the Canary Islands.[1]

The species diversity of Streptaxidae reaches its maximum in sub-Saharan Africa.[7]

With 13 genera and about 130 nominal species, the second most diverse streptaxid fauna can be found in Southeast Asia.[7] Streptaxidae are the most diverse among tropical Asian carnivorous snails.[7] In Indochina, streptaxid diversity was thought to comprise only 10 genera and about 40 species in 1967.[8] However, in 2006-2016, 21 new species (more than half the previous total) and one new genus had been described from Indochina.[8] Thirty-seven species are recorded from Thailand, 10 from Myanmar, 45 from Vietnam,[8][9] and 12 from Laos.[8]

Streptaxids can generally be recognized by their eccentric or cylindrical shells, while the animals have a bright yellow to red or orange body with external hook-like structures on the everted penis.[7]

Early classifications of the family such as Wilhelm Kobelt (1905–6), used mainly shell shape and the arrangement of apertural dentition.[8] However, many shell characters are highly conserved or occur recurrently, making some species and genera difficult to separate.[8] The reproductive organs of streptaxids can also be taxonomically significant.[8]

Prior to Schileyko’s revision in 2000 only two subfamilies, the Streptaxinae and the Enneinae had been recognized, which were primarily based on their shell morphology.[7]

Genera in the family Streptaxidae include:

Streptaxinae

• Acanthennea Martens, 1898[1] - with the only species Acanthennea erinacea (Martens, 1898)[6]
• Augustula Thiele, 1931[1] - with the only species Augustula braueri (Martens, 1898)[6]
• Careoradula Gerlach & van Bruggen, 1999[1] - with the only species Careoradula perelegans (Martens, 1898)[6]
• Discartemon Pfeiffer, 1856[1]
• Glabrennea[1]
• Glyptoconus Möllendorff, 1894[1]
• Hypselartemon Wenz, 1947[1][17]
• Indoartemon Forcart, 1946[1]
• Martinella Jousseaume, 1887[1]
• Micrartemon Möllendorff, 1890[1]
• Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905[1]
• Platycochlium Laidlaw, 1950[1]
• Rectartemon Baker, 1925[1]
• Sairostoma Haas, 1938[1]
• Seychellaxis[1]
• Silhouettia Gerlach & van Bruggen, 1999[1][6] - with the only species Silhouettia silhouettae (Martens, 1898)[6]
• Stemmatopsis[1]
• Stereostele Pilsbry, 1919[1] - with the only species Stereostele nevilli (Adams, 1868)[6]
• Streptartemon Kobelt, 1905[1]
• Streptaxis Gray, 1837[1] - type genus of the family Streptaxidae
• Tonkinia Mabille, 1887[1]

Enneinae

• Bruggennea Dance, 1972[1][18]
• Ennea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855[1] - type genus of the subfamily
• Elma Adams, 1866[1]
• Indoennea Kobelt, 1904[1]
• Maurennea[1]
• Pupigulella Pilsbry, 1919
• Streptostele Dohrn, 1866[1]
• Varicostele Pilsbry, 1919[1]

Marconiinae

• Macrogonaxis Bequaert & Clench, 1936[19][1]
• Marconia Bourguignat, 1889[1] - type genus of the subfamily
• Stenomarconia Germain, 1934[1]

Odontartemoninae

• Afristreptaxis Thiele, 1932[1]
• Artemonopsis Germain, 1908[1]
• Gigantaxis Tomlin, 1930[1]
• Odontartemon L. Pfeiffer, 1856[1] - type genus of the subfamily
• Pseudogonaxis Thiele, 1932[1]
• Somalitayloria Verdcourt, 1962[1]
• Tayloria Bourguignat, 1889[1]

Orthogibbinae

• Edentulina Pfeiffer, 1856[1]
• Gibbulinella Wenz, 1920[1]
• † Gibbus Montfort, 1810 - this genus was endemic to Mauritius and it is now extinct[1]
• Gonaxis Taylor, 1877[1]
• † Gonidomus Swainson, 1840 - this genus was endemic to Mauritius and it is now extinct[1]
• Gonospira Swainson, 1840[1]
• Haploptychius Kobelt, 1905[1]
• Imperturbatia Martens, 1898[1]
• Microstrophia Möllendorff, 1887[1]
• Oophana Ancey, 1884[1]
• Orthogibbus Germain, 1919 - type genus of the subfamily
• Plicadomus Swainson, 1840[1]
• Priodiscus Martens, 1898[1]
• Pseudelma Kobelt, 1904[1]

Ptychotrematinae

• Dadagulella Rowson & Tattersfield, 2013[20][note 1]
• Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856[1]
• Huttonella Pfeiffer, 1855[1]
• Mirellia Thiele, 1933[1]
• Parennea Pilsbry, 1919[1]
• Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853[1] - type genus of the subfamily
• Sinistrexcisa De Winter, Gomez & Prieto, 1999[1]

Unsorted to subfamily:

• Conturbatia Gerlach, 2001 - with the only species Conturbatia crenata Gerlach, 2001[21]
• Costigulella Pilsbry, 1919 - formerly included in Gulella
• Parvedentulina Emberton & Pearce, 2000 - endemic to Madagascar[22]

Notes:

• Scolodonta Doering, 1875 used to be classified within Streptaxinae,[1] but Scolodonta is the type genus of the family Scolodontidae.[10]

• taxa of Streptaxidae described by Adolph Cornelis van Bruggen

This article includes CC-BY-3.0 text from the reference[7] and CC-BY-4.0 from the reference[8]

• Zilch, A (1961). "Die Typen und Typoide des Natur-Museums Senckenberg 24: Mollusca, Streptaxidae". Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 90: 79–120.