List of threatened mammals of Brazil

There are more than 700 species of mammals in Brazil,[1] and according to Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation and Ministry of the Environment, about 110 species and subspecies are threatened and one is extinct.[2][3] Brazilian definition of "threatened species" uses the same criteria and categories established by IUCN.[4] Among the 12 mammal orders which occur in Brazil, eleven have threatened species, except Lagomorpha (which has only one species in Brazil, the Brazilian cottontail).[1][3] Although the rodents have been the most diverse order of mammals, the order with most species on list is Primates (34 species).[3][4]

The Marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) is a vulnerable species according to ICMBio and IUCN.

The actual list of threatened species was published in Diário Oficial da União, on December 17, 2014.[3] Even though some species have been removed from the list, (for instance, the Humpback whale), the number of threatened species has increased in comparison with the former list (which had had 69 species).[4] The Brazilian tapir, the White-lipped peccary, the Short-eared dog and many rodents have been included in the list. Many of them are just regionally threatened.[4] In spite of using the same criteria, ICMBio list often shows a different conservation status than IUCN.[4] That's because both assessments have been done in different moments and by different researchers.[4]

Most of Brazilian mammals are vulnerable species.[3][4] In contrast with the former list, one species is considered extinct (Vespucci's rodent) and two might be extinct in Brazil (Black-shouldered opossum and Candango mouse; "probably extinct" - PEx).

Threatened mammals of Brazil - ICMBio (2014)

Order Didelphimorphia (opossums)

The Giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is a vulnerable species.

The Giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus) is a vulnerable species.

Family Didelphidae

Caluromysiops irrupta (Black-shouldered opossum) LC^IUCN - ICMBio status CRPEx
Marmosops paulensis (Brazilian slender opossum) LC^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Thylamys macrurus (Paraguayan fat-tailed mouse opossum) NT^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Thylamys velutinus (Dwarf fat-tailed mouse opossum) LC^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Order Pilosa (anteaters and sloths)

Family Bradypodidae (Three-toed sloths)

Bradypus torquatus (Maned sloth) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Family Myrmecophagidae (Anteaters)

Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Giant anteater) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Order Cingulata (armadillos)

Family Dasypodidae

Priodontes maximus (Giant armadillo) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Tolypeutes tricinctus (Brazilian three-banded armadillo) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Order Chiroptera (bats)

Family Furipteridae (Smoky bats)

Furipterus horrens (Thumbless bat) LC^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Family Natalidae (funnel-eared bats)

Natalus macrourus (Brazilian funnel-eared bat) NE - ICMBio status VU

Family Phyllostomidae (New World leaf-nosed bats)

Glyphonycteris behnii (Behn's bat) DD^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Lonchophylla aurita (NR) - ICMBio status VU
Lonchophylla dekeyseri (Dekeyser's nectar bat) NT^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Xeronycteris vieirai (Vieira's long-tongued bat) DD^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Family Vespertilionidae (Vesper bats)

Eptesicus taddeii NE - ICMBio status VU

Order Primates (monkeys, marmosets, tamarins)

The Black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) is an endangered species from São Paulo inland.

The Southern muriqui (Brachyteles arachnoides) is an endangered species from the Serra do Mar coastal forests from São Paulo and Paraná.

The Golden-bellied capuchin (Sapajus xanthosternos) is a critically endangered species from the Bahia coastal forests.

Family Atelidae (howlers, spider and woolly monkeys, muriquis)

Alouatta belzebul (Red-handed howler) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Alouatta discolor (Spix's red-handed howler) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Alouatta guariba clamitans (Southern brown howler) LC^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Alouatta guariba guariba (Northern brown howler) CR^IUCN - ICMBio status CR
Alouatta ululata (Maranhão red-handed howler) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Ateles belzebuth (White-bellied spider monkey) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Ateles chamek (Peruvian spider monkey) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Ateles marginatus (White-cheeked spider monkey) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Brachyteles arachnoides (Southern muriqui) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Brachyteles hypoxanthus (Northern muriqui) CR^IUCN - ICMBio status CR
Lagothrix cana cana (Gray woolly monkey) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Lagothrix lagothricha (Brown woolly monkey) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Lagothrix poeppigii (Silvery woolly monkey) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Famlily Callitrichidae (tamarins and marmosets)

Callithrix aurita (Buffy-tufted marmoset) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Callithrix flaviceps (Buffy-headed marmoset) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Leontopithecus caissara (Superagui lion tamarin) CR^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Leontopithecus chrysomelas (Golden-headed lion tamarin) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Leontopithecus chrysopygus (Black lion tamarin) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Leontopithecus rosalia (Golden lion tamarin) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Mico rondoni (Rondon's marmoset) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Saguinus bicolor (Pied tamarin) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status CR
Saguinus niger (Black tamarin) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Family Cebidae (capuchins and squirrel monkeys)

Cebus kaapori (Kaapori capuchin) CR^IUCN - ICMBio status CR
Saimiri vanzolinii (Black squirrel monkey) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Sapajus cay (Azaras's capuchin) LC^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Sapajus flavius (Blond capuchin) CR^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Sapajus robustus (Crested capuchin) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Sapajus xanthosternos (Golden-bellied capuchin) CR^IUCN - ICMBio status EN

Family Pitheciidae (titis, saki monkeys and uakaris)

Cacajao hosomi (Neblina uakari) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Callicebus barbarabrownae (Barbara Brown's titi) CR^IUCN - ICMBio status CR
Callicebus coimbrai (Coimbra Filho's titi) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status CR
Callicebus melanochir (Coastal black-handed titi) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Callicebus personatus (Atlantic titi) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Chiropotes satanas (Black bearded saki) CR^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Chiropotes utahicki (Uta Hick's bearded saki) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Order Carnivora (cats, dogs and relatives)

The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a vulnerable felid.

The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachiurus) is a vulnerable canid.

Family Canidae (dogs)

Atelocynus microtis (Short-eared dog) NT^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Chrysocyon brachyurus (Maned wolf) NT^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Lycalopex vetulus (Hoary fox) LC^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Speothos venaticus (Bush dog) NT^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Family Mustelidae (otters)

Pteronura brasiliensis (Giant otter) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Family Felidae (cats)

Leopardus colocolo (Colocolo) NT^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Leopardus geoffroyi (Geoffroy's cat) LC^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Leopardus guttulus (Southern tigrina) NE - ICMBio status VU
Leopardus tigrinus (Oncilla) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Leopardus wiedii (Margay) NT^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Puma concolor (Cougar) LC^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Puma yagouaroundi (Jaguarundi) LC^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Panthera onca (Jaguar) NT^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Order Cetacea (whales and dolphins)

The Southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) is an endangered species.

The Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) is a vulnerable river dolphin from Amazon basin.

Family Balaenidae (whales)

Eubalaena australis (Southern right whale) LC^IUCN - ICMBio status EN

Family Balaenopteridae (rorquals)

Balaenoptera musculus (Blue whale) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status CR
Balaenoptera physalus (Fin whale) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Balaenoptera borealis (Sei whale) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN

Family Delphinidae (dolphins)

Sotalia guianensis (Guiana dolphin) DD^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Family Iniidae (river dolphins)

Inia geoffrensis (Amazon river dolphin) DD^IUCN - ICMBio status EN

Family Physeteridae (sperm whales)

Physeter macrocephalus (Sperm whale) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Family Pontoporiidae (river dolphins)

Pontoporia blainvillei (La Plata dolphin) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status CR

Order Sirenia (manatees)

The West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) is critically endangered in Brazil.

The Brazilian tapir (Tapirus terrestris) is the only Brazilian odd-toed ungulate and it is a vulnerable species.

Family Trichechidae

Trichechus inunguis (Amazonian manatee) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Trichechus manatus (West Indian manatee) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status CR

Order Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

Family Tapiridae (tapirs)

Tapirus terrestris (Brazilian tapir) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Order Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The Pygmy brocket (Mazama nana) is a brocket deer from Southern Brazil and it is a critically endangered species.

The White-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) is vulnerable species in Brazil.

Family Cervidae (deers)

Blastocerus dichotomus (Marsh deer) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Mazama bororo (Small red brocket) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Mazama nana (Pygmy brocket) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status CR
Ozotoceros bezoarticus bezoarticus (Pampas deer) NE - ICMBio status VU
Ozotoceros bezoarticus leucogaster (Pampas deer) NE - ICMBio status VU

Family Tayassuidae (peccaries)

Tayassu pecari (White-lipped peccary) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Order Rodentia (rodents)

The Rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris) is vulnerable species.

Family Caviidae (cavies)

Cavia intermedia (Santa Catarina's guinea pig) CR^IUCN - ICMBio status CR
Kerodon acrobata (Acrobatic cavy) DD^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Kerodon rupestris (Rock cavy) LC^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Family Cricetidae (New World rats and mice)

Akodon mystax (Caparaó grass mouse) DD^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Cerradomys goytaca NE - ICMBio status EN
Euryoryzomys lamia (Buffy-sided oryzomys) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Gyldenstolpia planaltensis NE - ICMBio status EN
Juscelinomys candango (Candango mouse) EX^IUCN - ICMBio status CRPEx
Microakodontomys transitorius (Transitional colilargo) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Noronhomys vespuccii (Vespucci's rodent) EX^IUCN - ICMBio status EX
Oligoryzomys rupestris DD^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Rhipidomys cariri (Cariri climbing mouse) DD^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Rhipidomys tribei (Yellow-bellied Climbing Mouse) NE - ICMBio status EN
Thalpomys cerradensis (Cerrado mouse) LC^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Thalpomys lasiotis (Hairy-eared cerrado mouse) LC^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Wilfredomys oenax (Greater Wilfred's mouse) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN

Family Ctenomyidae (tuco-tucos)

Ctenomys bicolorNE - ICMBio status EN
Ctenomys flamarioni (Flamarion's tuco-tuco) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Ctenomys lami (Lami tuco-tuco) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Ctenomys minutus (Tiny tuco-tuco) DD^IUCN - ICMBio status VU

Family Echimyidae

Callistomys pictus (Painted tree-rat) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Phyllomys lundi (Lund's Atlantic tree-rat) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Phyllomys unicolor (Short-furred Atlantic tree-rat) CR^IUCN - ICMBio status CR
Phyllomys brasiliensis (Orange-brown Atlantic tree-rat) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Phyllomys thomasi (Giant Atlantic tree-rat) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Trinomys eliasi (Elias' Atlantic spiny rat) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Trinomys moojeni (Moojen's Atlantic spiny rat) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Trinomys mirapitanga (Dark-caped Atlantic spiny rat) DD^IUCN - ICMBio status EN
Trinomys yonenagae (Yonenaga's Atlantic spiny rat) EN^IUCN - ICMBio status EN

Family Erethizontidae (New World porcupine)

Chaetomys subspinosus (Bristle-spined rat) VU^IUCN - ICMBio status VU
Coendou speratus NE - ICMBio status EN

References

PAGLIA, A.P.; da FONSECA, G.A.B.; RYLANDS, A.B.; HERRMAN, G.; AGUIAR, L.M.S.; CHIARELLO, A.G.; LEITE, Y.L.R.; COSTA, L.P.; SICILIANO, S.; KIERULFF, M.C.M.; MENDES, S.L.; TAVARES, V.C.; MITTERMEIER, R.A.; PATTON, J.L. (2012). "Lista Anotada dos Mamíferos do Brasil 2ª edição" (PDF). Occasional Paper (6): 1–82.
"Biodiversidade Fauna". Ministry of the Environment. Retrieved 7 February 2016.
PORTARIA No - 444, DE 17 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2014
Chiarello, A.G.; Aguiar, L.M.S., Cerqueira, R.; de Melo, F.R.; Rodrigues, F.H.G.; da Silva, V.M. (2008). "Mamíferos". In Machado, A.B.M.; Drummond, G.M.; Paglia, A.P. (eds.). Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada de Extinção - Volume 2 (PDF) (in Portuguese). Brasília, DF: Ministry of the Environment. pp. 680–883. ISBN 978-85-7738-102-9.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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[paglia2012-1] PAGLIA, A.P.; da FONSECA, G.A.B.; RYLANDS, A.B.; HERRMAN, G.; AGUIAR, L.M.S.; CHIARELLO, A.G.; LEITE, Y.L.R.; COSTA, L.P.; SICILIANO, S.; KIERULFF, M.C.M.; MENDES, S.L.; TAVARES, V.C.; MITTERMEIER, R.A.; PATTON, J.L. (2012). "Lista Anotada dos Mamíferos do Brasil 2ª edição" (PDF). Occasional Paper (6): 1–82.

[mma-2] "Biodiversidade Fauna". Ministry of the Environment. Retrieved 7 February 2016.

[lista2014-3] PORTARIA No - 444, DE 17 DE DEZEMBRO DE 2014

[ibama2008-4] Chiarello, A.G.; Aguiar, L.M.S., Cerqueira, R.; de Melo, F.R.; Rodrigues, F.H.G.; da Silva, V.M. (2008). "Mamíferos". In Machado, A.B.M.; Drummond, G.M.; Paglia, A.P. (eds.). Livro Vermelho da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada de Extinção - Volume 2 (PDF) (in Portuguese). Brasília, DF: Ministry of the Environment. pp. 680–883. ISBN 978-85-7738-102-9.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)