List of pre-modern Arab scientists and scholars

This is a list of Arab scientists and scholars from the Muslim World and Spain (Al-Andalus) who lived from antiquity up until the beginning of the modern age, consisting primarily of scholars during the Middle Ages. For a list of contemporary Arab scientists and engineers see List of modern Arab scientists and engineers

Arab scholars at an Abbasid library in Baghdad. Maqamat of al-Hariri Illustration, 1237.

Both the Arabic and Latin names are given. The following Arabic naming articles are not used for indexing:

  • Al - the
  • Ibn, bin, banu - son of
  • abu, abi - father of, the one with

A

B
  • Bahāʾ al-dīn al-ʿĀmilī (died 1621), philosopher, architect, mathematician, astronomer
  • Bahlool (died 807), judge and scholar
  • Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi (980, Baghdad, Iraq–1037), mathematician
  • Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (1162–1231), physician, historian, Egyptologist and traveler
  • Al-Baqillani (?, Basra, Iraq–1013, Basra, Iraq), theologian, scholar, and Maliki lawyer
  • Al-Battani (850, Harran, Turkey–929, Qasr al-Jiss, Iraq), astronomer and mathematician
  • Al-Baladhuri (died 892), historian
  • Al-Buni (died 1225), writer and mathematician
  • Al-Bakri (c. 1014–1094), geographer and historian
  • Al-Baji (1156–1231), Sufi mystic and scholar
  • Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi (1256–c. 1321), mathematician, astronomer, Islamic scholar, Sufi, and astrologer
  • Ibn al-Baitar (1197–1248), pharmacist, botanist, physician
  • Ibn Bassal (1085), botanist and agronomist
  • Ibn Bassam (1058-1147), poet and historian
  • Ibn Butlan (1038, 1075), Arab Christian physician

C
  • Cosmas (died 287), Arab physician and saint
  • Calid (died 704), Umayyad prince and alchemist
  • Callinicus, 3rd century historian, orator, rhetorician and sophist

D

F
  • Fatima al-Fihri (800–880), science patron and founder of the University of Al Quaraouiyine
  • Fatima bint Musa (790–816), theologian and saint
  • Al-Farahidi (c. 718, Oman–c. 791), writer and philologist, compiled the first dictionary of the Arabic language, the Kitab al-Ayn
  • Al-Fasi, Abu al-Mahasin, (1530–1604), Sufi saint
  • Al-Farghani (died 880), astronomer, known in Latin as Alfraganus
  • Ibn al-Furat (1334–1405) historian
  • Ibn al-Farid (c. 1181 – c. 1234), Arabic poet, writer, and philosopher
  • Ibn Fadlan (10th century, Baghdad, Iraq), writer, traveler, member of an embassy of the Caliph of Baghdad to the Volga Bulgars

G

H

I

J
  • Ja'far al-Sadiq, theologian and alchemist
  • Jabir ibn Aflah (1100–1150), astronomer and mathematician who invented torquetum
  • Jabir ibn Hayyan (821–915), polymath who is considered the father of chemistry, emphasized systematic experimentation and did much to free alchemy from superstition and turn it into a science
  • Jābir ibn Zayd, theologian and jurist
  • Al-Jawaliqi, grammarian and philologist
  • Al-Jahiz (776, Basra, Iraq–869, Basra, Iraq), historian, biologist and author
  • Al-Jayyānī (989, Cordoba, Spain–1079, Jaen, Spain), mathematician and author
  • Al-Jawbari, alchemist and writer
  • Al-Jabali, physician and mathematician from Al-Andalus
  • Al-Jubba'i (died c. 915), Mu'tazili theologian and philosopher
  • Al-Jazari (1136–1206), inventor, engineer, artisan, mathematician
  • Al-Jarmi (died 840), grammarian of Arabic Language
  • Ibn al-Jazzar (10th century, Qairwan, Tunis), influential 10th-century physician and author
  • Ibn al-Jawzi, heresiographer, historian, hagiographer and philologist
  • Ibn Juzayy (died 1357), historian, scholar and writer of poetry
  • Ibn Juljul (c. 944–c. 994), physician and pharmacologist
  • Ibn Jazla (11th century), physician and author of influential treatise on regimen
  • Ibn Jubayr (1145, Valencia, Spain–1217, Egypt), geographer, traveller and poet, known for his detailed travel journals

K

L

M

N

Q

R

S

T

U
  • Usama ibn Munqidh (1095–1188, Damascus, Syria), Arab historian, politician, and diplomat
  • Urwah ibn Zubayr (7th century), historian and jurist
  • Umm al-Darda (7th century), jurist and theologian
  • Umm Darda Sughra (7th-century), jurist and scholar of Islam
  • Umm Farwah hadith narrator and saint
  • Al-Uqlidisi (920, Damascus, Syria–980, Damascus, Syria), wrote two works on arithmetic, may have anticipated the invention of decimals
  • Al-Urḍī (died 1266), astronomer
  • Ibn Abi Usaibia (1203–1270, Damascus, Syria), physician and historian, wrote Uyun al-Anba fi Tabaqat al-Atibba (Lives of the Physicians)
  • Ibn Uthal (7th century), physician
  • Ibn Umail, 10th-century alchemist and mystic

W
  • Waddah al-Yaman (Yemen, ?–Syria, Damascus, 709), poet, famous for his erotic and romantic poems
  • Wasil ibn Ata (700–748), theologian and founder of the Mutazilite school of Islamic thought
  • Wang Daiyu (1292–1342), Chinese Muslim scholar and Philosopher of Arab descent
  • Al-Warraq (889–994), scholar and critic of religions
  • Al-Wafa'i (1408–1471), astronomer
  • Ibn al-Wafid (997–1074), pharmacologist and physician
  • Ibn al-Wardi (1292–1342), historian
  • Ibn Wahb (743–813 CE), jurist of Maliki school
  • Ibn Wahshiyya, Arab alchemist and agriculturalist

Y

Z
  • Zayn al-Din al-Amidi, Islamic scholar and inventor
  • Zethos 3rd-century neoplatonist and disciple of Plotinus
  • Zakariya al-Qazwini (died 1283), physician, astronomer, geographer, and proto-science fiction writer
  • Zakariyya al-Ansari (c. 1420–1520), Islamic scholar and mystic
  • Zayn al-Abidin (659–713), Muslim scholar and Twelver Imam
  • Al-Zahrawi (936, Cordoba, Spain–1013, Cordoba, Spain), Islam's greatest medieval surgeon, wrote comprehensive medical texts combining Middle-Eastern, Indian and Greco-Roman classical teachings, shaped European surgical procedures until the Renaissance, considered the "father of surgery", wrote Al-Tasrif, a thirty-volume collection of medical practice
  • Al-Zubayr ibn Bakkar (788–870), historian and genealogist
  • Al-Zarqali (1028, Spain–1087, ?), mathematician, influential astronomer, and instrument maker, contributed to the famous Tables of Toledo
  • Ibn Zuhr (1091, Seville, Spain–1161, Seville, Spain), prominent physician of the Medieval Islamic period
  • Ibn Zafar al Siqilli (1104–1172), Arab-Sicilian philosopher and polymath

Notes

    See also
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