List of military equipment used by Syrian opposition forces
List of military equipment[1][2] used by Syrian opposition forces in the Syrian Civil War. This list does not include equipment used by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and the Syrian Democratic Forces.
Sources
Large equipment like tanks and vehicles are generally captured from Syrian Army supplies, but small arms are likely a mixture of captured Syrian Army weapons, weapons imported by foreign combatants joining the opposition forces, or other sources. These include funding by private donors (notably from the Gulf region) and equipment supplied by friendly nations.
The U.S. supplied a considerable amount of weapons and ammunition, of both American and Soviet-type from Eastern Europe, to Syrian rebel groups under operation Timber Sycamore. For example, Jane's Defence Weekly reported that in December 2015 the U.S. shipped 994 tonnes of weapons and ammunition (including packaging and container weight).[3][4]
Small arms
Model | Image | Caliber | Type | Origin | Details | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pistols | ||||||
TT-33 | ![]() | 7.62×25mm Tokarev | Pistol | ![]() | Commonly used by rebels, captured from the Syrian Arab Army. | |
Makarov PM | ![]() | 9×18mm Makarov | Pistol | ![]() | Commonly used by rebels, captured from the Syrian Arab Army. | |
M1911[5] | ![]() | .45 ACP | Pistol | ![]() | ||
Browning Hi-Power | ![]() | 9×19mm Parabellum | Pistol | ![]() | Is an apparent popular pistol in Syria. | |
Kral Arms Canas[6] | N/A | 9 mm | Blank pistol | ![]() | Blank pistol, possibly converted to fire live rounds. Only has been seen once in the war. | |
Rifles | ||||||
Mosin–Nagant[7] | 7.62×54mmR | Bolt-action rifle | ![]() | Seen common service by snipers, who usually put modern optics on it. The Mosin Nagant 1891/30 variant is used most but the M1944 (or Bulgarian 91/59 mosin nagant) carbine are also used, though to a lesser extent. | ||
MAS-36[8] | ![]() | 7.5×54mm French | Bolt-action rifle | ![]() | Seen moderate usage by snipers through 2013-2014 in Aleppo when in July 2013, the FSA (probably 16th Division or some other branch of the FSA. 16th Division did use MAS-36s.)[9] captured large amounts of stockpiled MAS-36s from the Syrian Arab Army. Other rebel groups such as the Al-Tawhid Brigade also captured and used large amounts of MAS-36s captured from the Syrian Arab Army. Most rebel groups stopped using the MAS-36 around 2015 as ammo seemed to ran out.[10] | |
M1 Garand[11] | ![]() | .30-06 Springfield | Semi-automatic rifle | ![]() | Very limited usage. Questionable if it even is in Syria.[12] | |
SKS[13] Type 56 carbine[14] | 7.62×39mm | Semi-automatic rifle | ![]() ![]() | Somewhat uncommon usage. Usually when it is used, it is seen being used by snipers attached with optics. Chinese copy of SKS. Used in the same way as the SKS. | ||
Heckler & Koch G3[15][16] | ![]() | 7.62×51mm NATO | Battle rifle | ![]() ![]() | Sourced from Turkey and Saudi Arabia. | |
FN FAL[16][17][18] | ![]() | 7.62×51mm NATO | Battle rifle | ![]() | Often used as Marksman Rifle and Operations Specialist Weapon, sourced from Libya and UAE. | |
M14 rifle[19] | ![]() | 7.62×51mm NATO | Battle rifle | ![]() | Rare. (Better source needed) | |
Assault rifles | ||||||
StG 44[20][21][22] | ![]() | 7.92×33mm Kurz | Assault rifle | ![]() | On 8 August 2012, the FSA captured around 5,000 from a Syrian Arab Army storage container. | |
AK-47 | ![]() | 7.62×39mm | Assault rifle | ![]() | Isn't the most common gun in the war, but is used. | |
AKM | ![]() | 7.62×39mm | Assault rifle | ![]() | The AKMS variant is seen most (at least in the early part of the war), but the AKM is also seen. One of the most common weapons used in the Syrian Civil War. | |
Type 56 | ![]() | 7.62×39mm | Assault rifle | ![]() | Chinese variant of the Russian AK-47 and AKM. The Type-56 has been seen in use by various rebel groups. The Type-56-1 and Type-56-2 are also seen. | |
Zastava M70 | ![]() | 7.62×39mm | Assault rifle | ![]() | Yugoslavian variant of the Russian AK-47 and AKM. | |
PM md. 63 | ![]() | 7.62×39mm | Assault rifle | ![]() | Used commonly in the early part of the war. Isn't seen too commonly now. | |
AMD 65[23] [24] | ![]() | 7.62×39mm | Assault rifle | ![]() | Isn't the most common gun in the war but is used occasionally. Seen more commonly in the early part of the war | |
vz. 58[25] | ![]() | 7.62×39mm | Assault Rifle | ![]() | Rare. Unknown how it got there. | |
AK-74 AKS-74[26] | ![]() ![]() | 5.45×39mm | Assault rifle | ![]() | Mostly used by opposition special forces and elite units. Isn't too common elsewhere. | |
AK-74M | 5.45×39mm | Assault rifle | ![]() | Some modifited in bulpup configuration[26] | ||
FB Tantal | ![]() | 5.45×39mm | Assault rifle | ![]() | ||
M16A1 M16A2[24] | ![]() ![]() | 5.56×45mm NATO | Assault rifle | ![]() | Used by Division 30, the New Syrian Army,Al-Moutasem Brigade and Euphrates Shield rebels | |
M4[27] | ![]() | 5.56×45mm NATO | Assault rifle | ![]() | ||
Norinco CQ[28] | ![]() | 5.56×45mm NATO | Assault rifle | ![]() | "Where they are coming from is not certain. Iran is known to have purchased CQ rifles and produce it under license, but rifles similar to those seen in the Middle East have been seen and manufactured under license in Sudan, the National Interest report said." said by the Asia times. | |
FAMAS[29] | ![]() | 5.56×45mm NATO | Assault rifle | ![]() | Seen once in 2013, possibly smuggled out of Lebanon. | |
Steyr AUG[17] | ![]() | 5.56×45mm NATO | Assault rifle | ![]() | Origin unclear; serial numbers removed. Used by Syrian Opposition special forces[30][31] Sometimes used by Syrian rebels as a marksman rifle[32] | |
IMI Galil[24] | ![]() | 5.56×45mm NATO | Assault rifle | ![]() | Limited usage | |
Sniper rifles and anti-material rifles | ||||||
Steyr SSG 69[33] | ![]() | 7.62×51mm NATO | Sniper rifle | ![]() | Is a common bolt action rifle use by Syrian rebels. | |
M14 EBR[34] | ![]() | 7.62×51mm NATO | Designated marksman rifle | ![]() | ||
Dragunov SVD | ![]() | 7.62×54mmR | Sniper rifle | ![]() | The most common sniper rifle in the war. | |
Zastava M91 | ![]() | 7.62×54mmR | Sniper rifle | ![]() | ||
PSL | ![]() | 7.62×54mmR 7.62×51mm NATO | Designated marksman rifle | ![]() | ||
OSV-96[35] | ![]() | 12.7×108mm | Anti-materiel rifle | ![]() | ||
M99[36] | N/A | 12.7×108mm | Anti-materiel rifle | ![]() | Supplied by Qatar.[37] Is one of the most common anti-material rifles used by Syrian rebels. | |
Sayad-2 | ![]() | .50 BMG | Anti-materiel rifle | ![]() | Unlicensed Iranian produced copy of the Steyr HS .50. Captured from the Syrian Army.[38] | |
PTRS-41[39] | ![]() | 14.5×114mm | Anti-tank rifle | ![]() | Used by rebels as an anti-material rifle, has seen very limited use. | |
Submachine guns | ||||||
Sterling submachine gun[40] | 9×19mm Parabellum | Submachine Gun | ![]() |
Rare. Unknown how it got there. | ||
Sten[41][24] | ![]() |
9×19mm Parabellum | Submachine Gun | ![]() |
possibly leftover from the 1948 arab-israeli war | |
Sa vz. 23[24][42] | 7.62×25mm Tokarev | Submachine gun | ![]() | |||
MAB 38[43] | ![]() | 9×19mm Parabellum | Submachine Gun | ![]() | Very rare. So rare indeed that only 1 has been seen in the war. As of 2017.[44] | |
Uzi[45][24] | ![]() | 9×19mm Parabellum | Submachine Gun | ![]() | ||
MP-40[46] | 9×19mm Parabellum | Submachine Gun | ![]() | "Few MP-40s have been seen during the Syrian civil war, and of those that have, they appeared a year or two into the conflict. There is a decent chance that these guns were not preexisting in the country at all, but rather brought in after the fighting started. The Saudi-Croatian deal is one possibility (MP-40s were seen during the 1990s fighting in the Balkans) as is Libya, which had bought some WWII-vintage MP-40s from Yugoslavia in the 1980s." From WWIIafterWWII[47] | ||
Beretta M12[24] | ![]() | 9×19mm Parabellum | Submachine Gun | ![]() | ||
Machine guns | ||||||
RPD[48] | ![]() | 7.62×39mm | Light machine gun | ![]() | ||
RPK[49] | 5.45×39mm | Light machine gun | ![]() | |||
PK[3] | 7.62×54mmR | General-purpose machine gun | ![]() | |||
PKM | 7.62×54mmR | General-purpose machine gun | ![]() | |||
Zastava M84 | ![]() | 7.62×54mmR | General-purpose machine gun | ![]() | Yugoslavian copy of the PK. | |
MG-34[19] | ![]() | 7.92×57mm Mauser | General-purpose machine gun | ![]() | Captured from some Syrian stockpiles. Very rare usage but was one of the FSA's first machine guns looted from Syrian army warehouses.[50] | |
M240B[51] | ![]() | 7.62×51mm NATO | General-purpose machine gun | ![]() | Used by the NSA and al-Moutasem Brigade and Euphrates Shield forces | |
FN MAG[52] | ![]() | 7.62×51mm | General-purpose machine gun | ![]() | ||
Ksp 58[24] | ![]() | 7.62×51mm | General-purpose machine gun | ![]() | ||
DShK[3] Type 54 HMG | 12.7×108mm | Heavy machine gun | ![]() ![]() | Often mounted on technicals. Sometimes is planted in holes in walls or on flat surfaces when in lack of a tripod Chinese copy of DShK. | ||
NSV | 12.7×108mm | Heavy machine gun | ![]() | Often mounted on technicals. | ||
W85[53] | ![]() | 12.7×108mm | Heavy machine gun | ![]() | Used very commonly.[54] Sometimes is planted in holes in walls or on flat surfaces when in lack of a tripod[55][56] | |
KPV[57] | ![]() | 14.5×114mm | Heavy machine gun | ![]() | Often mounted on technicals. | |
M2 Browning[58][59][60][51] | ![]() | .50 BMG | Heavy machine gun | ![]() | Used by US-backed FSA groups, including the al-Mu'tasim Brigade and the Hamza Division. | |
M1919 Browning[24][61] | ![]() | .30-06 Springfield | Medium machine gun | ![]() | Seen at least once in the war. It’s possible it was taken off a disabled Israeli vehicle during the Yom Kippur War or the 1980s fighting in Lebanon.[62] | |
Vickers machine gun[63] | ![]() | .303 British | Heavy machine gun | ![]() | Seen at least once in the war. May or may not be usable. | |
Grenades, grenade launchers and explosives
Model | Image | Diameter | Type | Origin | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
F1[64][65] | ![]() | 55 mm | Hand grenade | ![]() | The most common grenade used by the Free Syrian Army and other rebel groups. |
Mk 2 grenade[66] | 59 mm | Hand grenade | ![]() | ||
M26 grenade | ![]() | 57 mm | Hand grenade | ![]() | (Citation needed) |
RGD-5[67] | ![]() | 58 mm | Hand grenade | ![]() | The second most common grenade. |
OHG-92[68] | ![]() | 65mm[69] | Hand grenade | ![]() | Grenades originally delivered to the United Arab Emirates in 2003–2004 and then given to Jordan in 2004. Unclear how the hand grenades reached the Syrian rebels.[70] |
AGS-17[71] | ![]() | 30×29mm grenade | Automatic grenade launcher | ![]() | |
Type 87 | ![]() | 35×32mm grenade | Automatic grenade launcher | ![]() | (Citation needed) |
Mark 19 grenade launcher | ![]() | 40×53mm grenade | Automatic grenade launcher | ![]() | Supplied by the USA. |
RBG-6[72][73][74] | ![]() | 40×46mm grenade | Grenade launcher | ![]() | Croatian-produced copy of South African Milkor MGL. Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[75] |
Arsenal MSGL[76] | ![]() | 40×46mm grenade | Grenade launcher | ![]() | |
FN 303 | 18 mm | Riot gun | ![]() | Used by Free Syrian Police. | |
IED[77] | ![]() | Improvised explosive device | ![]() ![]() | ||
Molotov cocktail[77] | ![]() | Incendiary device | ![]() ![]() |
Anti-tank weapons
Model | Image | Diameter | Type | Origin | Details | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoulder-fired missiles | ||||||
SPG-82[78] | 82 mm | Anti-tank rocket launcher | ![]() | |||
RPG-2 | ![]() | 82 mm | Recoilless rifle[79] | ![]() | Although the 104th Brigade of the Syrian Republican Guard had used them,[80] there is no proof of the Syrian Opposition using RPG-2s. Syrian rebels did use Chinese Type-69 RPGs which could be mistaken as the RPG-2.[81] | |
RPG-7[3] | ![]() | 40 mm (launcher only, warhead diameter varies) | Rocket-propelled grenade | ![]() | Very common, the most common anti-tank gun in Syria. | |
RPG-18[82] | 64 mm | Rocket-propelled grenade | ![]() | |||
RPG-22[73] | ![]() | 72.5 mm | Rocket-propelled grenade | ![]() | Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[75] | |
RPG-26[83] | ![]() | 72.5 mm | Rocket-propelled grenade | ![]() | ||
RPG-29[84] | 105 mm | Rocket-propelled grenade | ![]() | |||
RPG-75[85] | 68 mm | Rocket-propelled grenade | ![]() | |||
M72 LAW[18] | ![]() | 66 mm | Anti-tank rocket launcher | ![]() | Turkish HAR-66 (LAW copy) supplied by Turkey | |
M79 Osa[73][86] | ![]() | 90 mm | Anti-tank rocket launcher | ![]() | Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[75] | |
RBR-120 mm M90[87] | ![]() | 120 mm | Anti-tank rocket launcher | ![]() | ||
Anti-tank guided weapons | ||||||
9M14 Malyutka[88][89] | 125 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | ![]() | Designated AT-3 Sagger by NATO. | ||
9K111 Fagot[3][90][89] | ![]() | 120 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | ![]() | Designated AT-4 Spigot by NATO. | |
9M113 Konkurs[3][91][89] | ![]() | 135 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | ![]() | Captured from the Syrian Army and supplied by Saudi Arabia.[92] Designated AT-5 Spandrel by NATO. | |
9K115 Metis[89] | ![]() |
130 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | ![]() |
Designated AT-7 Spriggan by NATO. | |
9K115-2 Metis-M[93][89] | ![]() | 130 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | ![]() | Designated AT-13 Saxhorn-2 by NATO. | |
9M133 Kornet[94][89] | 152 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | ![]() | Designated AT-14 Spriggan by NATO. | ||
HJ-8[95][96] | 120 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | ![]() | Supplied by Qatar from Sudan.[97] | ||
MILAN[98][89] | ![]() | 115 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | ![]() ![]() | Captured from the Syrian Army and YPG.[99] Some supplied by Qatar or from Libyan National Army stocks.[100] | |
BGM-71 TOW[101][89] | ![]() | 152 mm | Wire-guided anti-tank missile | ![]() | Allegedly supplied by the U.S., but origin remains "unclear"; serial numbers removed.[102] The TOW missile system has seen extensive use during the Hama Offensive by Syrian opposition forces, mainly against armoured vehicles from both the SAA and NDF. | |
Anti-aircraft weapons
Model | Image | Diameter | Type | Origin | Details | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Towed anti-aircraft guns | ||||||
ZU-23-2[103][89] | ![]() | 23 mm | Autocannon | ![]() | Often mounted on technicals. | |
37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K)[104] | ![]() | 37 mm | Autocannon | ![]() | Mounted on technicals. | |
57 mm AZP S-60[105] | ![]() | 57 mm | Autocannon | ![]() | ||
ZPU[77][89] | ![]() | 14.5×114mm | Anti-aircraft gun | ![]() | Based on the Soviet 14.5 mm KPV heavy machine gun. Often mounted on technicals. | |
ZPU-4[89] | ![]() | 14.5×114mm | Anti-aircraft gun | ![]() | Mostly mounted on Technicals. | |
ZPU-1[89] | ![]() | 14.5×114mm | Anti-aircraft gun | ![]() | mounted on Technicals. | |
Self-propelled air defense | ||||||
ZSU-23-4 "Shilka"[106][89] | ![]() | 23 mm | Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun | ![]() | Often used against ground targets in urban environments. | |
9K33 Osa[107] | ![]() | 209.6 mm 9M33 missile | Amphibious SAM system | ![]() | Two captured from the Syrian Armed Forces and used by Jaysh al-Islam and Jaysh al-Ahrar. | |
Man-portable air-defense systems | ||||||
FN-6[108] | 72 mm | ![]() | Supplied by Qatar.[109] | |||
9K32 Strela-2[110] | ![]() | 72 mm | Man-portable air-defense system | ![]() | Designated SA-7 Grail by NATO. | |
9K310 Igla-1[111] | ![]() | 72 mm | Man-portable air-defense system | ![]() | Designated SA-16 Gimlet by NATO. | |
9K338 Igla-S[112] | ![]() | 72 mm | Man-portable air-defense system | ![]() | Designated SA-24 Grinch by NATO. | |
FIM-92 Stinger[113] | ![]() | 100 mm | ![]() | Turkey reportedly helped to transport to a limited amount of FIM-92 Stingers to the Free Syrian Army | ||
Artillery and Mortars
Model | Image | Caliber | Type | Origin | Details | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mortars | ||||||
82-BM-37[89] | ![]() | 82 mm | Infantry mortar | ![]() | ||
2B9M Vasilek[114] | 82 mm | Gun-mortar | ![]() | Possible Chinese copy (W99). At least one in use by Ansar al-Sham. Unclear origin. Also being used by Syrian Turkmen Brigade.[115][114] | ||
M1938 mortar[89] | ![]() | 120 mm | Infantry mortar | ![]() | ||
120-PM-43 mortar | ![]() | 120 mm | Infantry mortar | ![]() | ||
Improvised mortars | N/A | Various | Improvised mortar | ![]() ![]() | ||
Field artillery | ||||||
10.5 cm leFH 18M | ![]() | 105 mm | Howitzer | ![]() | Seen occasional service with rebel groups during the Syrian Civil War, in July 2013 and May 2015. | |
122 mm howitzer M1938 (M-30)[89] | ![]() | 122mm | Howitzer | ![]() | Captured during Ramouseh Artillery Base assault by Jaish al Fateh | |
D-30[89] | ![]() | 122 mm | Howitzer | ![]() | Captured from the Syrian Army | |
"Hell cannon"[116] | N/A | Various | Improvised howitzer | ![]() | Improvised howitzer that fires propane gas cylinders. Originated with the Ahrar al-Shamal Brigades, now used widely. | |
M-46[57] | ![]() | 130 mm | Field gun | ![]() | ||
180 mm gun S-23[117] | 180mm | Heavy Gun | ![]() | Captured during Ramouseh Artillery Base assault by Jaish al Fateh | ||
152 mm howitzer 2A65[89] | ![]() | 152mm | Howitzer | ![]() | ||
Self-propelled artillery | ||||||
2S1 Gvozdika[118][89] | ![]() | 122 mm | Self propelled howitzer | ![]() | Armed with D-30 howitzer. | |
2S3 Akatsiya[119] | ![]() | 152.4 mm | Self propelled howitzer | ![]() | Armed with D-22 howitzer. | |
Recoilless rifles | ||||||
B-10[89] Type 65 | ![]() | 82 mm | Recoilless rifle | ![]() ![]() | Chinese copy of B-10. | |
M60[73] | ![]() | Recoilless rifle | ![]() | Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[75] | ||
M40[120] | ![]() | 105 mm | Recoilless rifle | ![]() | Possible Iranian copy. | |
Carl Gustav 84mm[121] | ![]() | 84 mm | Recoilless rifle | ![]() | ||
SPG-9[89] | ![]() | 73 mm | Recoilless rifle | ![]() | ||
Rocket artillery | ||||||
Type 63[93][89] | 106.7 mm | Multiple rocket launcher | ![]() | Possible Iranian copy.[122] | ||
RAK-12[123][124][125] | ![]() | 128 mm | Multiple rocket launcher | ![]() | Croatian built version of Yugoslavian M-63 Plamen with 12 rocket tubes instead of the original 32. Supplied by Saudi Arabia.[75] | |
Katyusha[126][127][128] | N/A | Multiple Rocket Launcher | ![]() | |||
BM-21 Grad[129][130][89] | ![]() | 122 mm | Multiple rocket launcher | ![]() | Initially captured from the Syrian Army,[131] later supplied by Saudi Arabia from Bulgaria and Poland.[132] | |
Grad-P | ![]() | 122 mm | Light portable rocket system | ![]() | ||
Improvised rocket launchers[77] | ![]() | Various | Rocket launcher | ![]() ![]() | ||
Khaibar | N/A | 302 mm | Multiple rocket launcher | ![]() ![]() |
Tanks and armoured vehicles
Model | Image | Type | Origin | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|
T-54[133][89] | ![]() | Medium tank Main battle tank | ![]() | Captured from the Syrian Army, at least one operated by the al-Tawhid Brigade and the Conquest Brigade as of September 2013. |
T-55 [134][89] | ![]() | Medium tank Main battle tank | ![]() | Captured from the Syrian Army. |
T-62[135] | ![]() | Main battle tank | ![]() | Captured from the Syrian Army. One of the most used tanks used by Syrian rebels. |
T-72[136] | ![]() | Main battle tank | ![]() | Captured from the Syrian Army. At least 8 operated by Jaysh al-Islam. Liwa Dawood had another 6, now owned by ISIL.[137] |
T-90[138] | ![]() | Main battle tank | ![]() | 1 operated by Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki, captured from the Syrian Army. |
BMP-1[89] | ![]() | Infantry fighting vehicle | ![]() | Captured from the Syrian Army. |
BVP-1 AMB-S [139] | Field ambulance | ![]() | Captured from the Syrian Army. | |
BMP-2 | ![]() | Infantry fighting vehicle | ![]() | Two BMP-2s were captured from Syrian Army when FSA overran Aleppo's Infantry School and another was destroyed in the fight for Aleppo's Central Prison.[140] |
BTR-60PB[141] | Wheeled amphibious armoured personnel carrier | ![]() | Captured from the Syrian Army. | |
BRDM-2[142] | ![]() | Amphibious armoured scout car | ![]() | Captured from the Syrian Army. |
Humvee | ![]() | Armored car | ![]() | Some captured from ISIS and YPG/SDF. |
Improvised fighting vehicles | ![]() | Improvised fighting vehicle | ![]() | Examples are the Sham 1 armored pickup truck and the Sham 2 armored car used by the Al-Ansar Brigade.[143] |
Safir | Off-road military light utility vehicle | ![]() |
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