List of heads of state of Haiti

This article lists the heads of state of Haiti since the beginning of the Haitian Revolution in 1791. Full independence of Haiti was declared in 1804.

Between 1806 and 1820 Haiti was divided between the northern State, renamed Kingdom of Haiti in 1811, and the southern Republic of Haiti. Between 1822 and 1844 the Republic of Haiti ruled over the entire island of Hispaniola, during the period known as the unification of Hispaniola.

Heads of State of Haiti

Saint-Domingue (1791–1804)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Party	Title(s)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party	Title(s)
N/A		Toussaint Louverture (1743–1803)	1 January 1791	6 May 1802	11 years, 125 days	Independent	Leader of the Haitian Revolution (1 January 1791 – 6 May 1802) Lieutenant Governor of Saint-Domingue (1797 – 7 July 1801) Governor-General for Life of the entire island of Hispaniola (7 July 1801 – 6 May 1802)
Vacant (6 May 1802–1 January 1804)
N/A		Jean-Jacques Dessalines (1758–1806)	1 January 1804	22 September 1804	265 days	Independent	Governor-General of Haiti

First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Period of reign			Coronation	Title(s)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Reign start	Reign end	Duration	Coronation	Title(s)
1		Jacques I (1758–1806)	22 September 1804	17 October 1806	2 years, 25 days	8 October 1804	Emperor of Haiti

State of Haiti (1806–1811)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Party	Title(s)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party	Title(s)
N/A		Henri Christophe (1767–1820)	17 October 1806	28 March 1811	4 years, 162 days	Independent	Provisional Chief of the Haitian Government (17 October 1806 – 17 February 1807) President (17 February 1807 – 28 March 1811)[lower-alpha 1]

Kingdom of Haiti (1811–1820)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Period of reign			Coronation	Title(s)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Reign start	Reign end	Duration	Coronation	Title(s)
N/A		Henri I (1767–1820)	28 March 1811	8 October 1820	9 years, 194 days	2 June 1811	King of Haiti[lower-alpha 2]

Republic of Haiti (1806–1820)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Party	Title(s)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party	Title(s)
1		Alexandre Pétion (1770–1818)	17 October 1806	29 March 1818	11 years, 163 days	Independent	President (17 October 1806 – 9 October 1816) President for Life (9 October 1816 – 29 March 1818)[lower-alpha 3]
2		Jean-Pierre Boyer (1776–1850)	30 March 1818	18 October 1820	2 years, 202 days	Independent	President for Life[lower-alpha 4]

Republic of Haiti (1820–1849)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Party	Title(s)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party	Title(s)
(2)		Jean-Pierre Boyer (1776–1850)	18 October 1820	13 February 1843	22 years, 118 days	Independent	President for Life
3		Charles Rivière-Hérard (1789–1850)	4 April 1843	3 May 1844	1 year, 29 days	Independent	President
4		Philippe Guerrier (1757–1845)	3 May 1844	15 April 1845	347 days	Independent	President
5		Jean-Louis Pierrot (1761–1857)	16 April 1845	24 March 1846	342 days	Independent	President
6		Jean-Baptiste Riché (1780–1847)	24 March 1846	28 February 1847	341 days	Independent	President
7		Faustin Soulouque (1782–1867)	2 March 1847	26 August 1849	2 years, 177 days	Independent	President

Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Period of reign			Coronation	Title(s)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Reign start	Reign end	Duration	Coronation	Title(s)
2		Faustin I (1782–1867)	26 August 1849	22 January 1859	9 years, 149 days	18 April 1852	Emperor of Haiti

Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office			Party	Title(s)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party	Title(s)
8		Fabre Geffrard (1806–1878)	—	22 January 1859	13 March 1867	8 years, 50 days	Independent	President
—		Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget (1810–1880)	—	20 March 1867	2 May 1867	43 days	Independent	Provisional President
9		Sylvain Salnave (1827–1870)	—	4 May 1867	27 December 1869	2 years, 237 days	Independent	President
10		Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget (1810–1880)	—	27 December 1869	14 May 1874	4 years, 138 days	Liberal Party	President
—		Council of Secretaries of State	—	14 May 1874	14 June 1874	31 days	Independent	Council of Secretaries of State
11		Michel Domingue (1813–1877)	—	14 June 1874	15 April 1876	1 year, 306 days	Independent	President
12		Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905)	—	23 April 1876	17 July 1879	3 years, 85 days	Liberal Party	Provisional President (23 April 1876 – 17 July 1876) President (17 July 1876 – 17 July 1879)
—		Joseph Lamothe (?–1891)	—	26 July 1879	2 October 1879	68 days	Independent	Provisional President
13		Lysius Salomon (1815–1888)	—	2 October 1879	10 August 1888	8 years, 313 days	National Party	President
—		Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905)	—	10 August 1888	16 October 1888	67 days	Liberal Party	Provisional President
14		François Denys Légitime (1841–1935)	—	16 October 1888	23 August 1889	311 days	Liberal Party	President
—		Monpoint Jeune (1830–1905)	—	23 August 1889	17 October 1889	55 days	Independent	Provisional President
15		Florvil Hyppolite (1828–1896)	—	17 October 1889	24 March 1896	6 years, 159 days	National Party	President
16		Tirésias Simon Sam (1835–1916)	—	31 March 1896	12 May 1902	6 years, 42 days	National Party	President
—		Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal (1832–1905)	—	26 May 1902	17 December 1902	205 days	Liberal Party	Provisional President
17		Pierre Nord Alexis (1820–1910)	—	21 December 1902	2 December 1908	5 years, 347 days	Military	President
18		François C. Antoine Simon (1843–1923)	—	6 December 1908	3 August 1911	2 years, 240 days	Liberal Party	President
19		Cincinnatus Leconte (1854–1912)	—	15 August 1911	8 August 1912	359 days	National Party	President[lower-alpha 5]
20		Tancrède Auguste (1856–1913)	—	8 August 1912	2 May 1913	267 days	National Party	President
21		Michel Oreste (1859–1918)	—	12 May 1913	27 January 1914	260 days	Independent	President
22		Oreste Zamor (1861–1915)	—	8 February 1914	29 October 1914	263 days	Military	President
23		Joseph Davilmar Théodore (1847–1917)	—	7 November 1914	22 February 1915	107 days	Military	President
24		Vilbrun Guillaume Sam (1859–1915)	—	25 February 1915	28 July 1915	153 days	Military	President[lower-alpha 6]
25		Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave (1863–1926)	—	12 August 1915	15 May 1922	6 years, 276 days	Independent	President[lower-alpha 7]
26		Louis Borno (1865–1942)	—	15 May 1922	15 May 1930	8 years	Independent	President[lower-alpha 7]
27		Louis Eugène Roy (1861–1939)	—	15 May 1930	18 November 1930	187 days	Independent	President[lower-alpha 7]
28		Sténio Vincent (1874–1959)	—	18 November 1930	15 May 1941	10 years, 178 days	Independent	President[lower-alpha 8]
29		Élie Lescot (1883–1974)	—	15 May 1941	11 January 1946	4 years, 241 days	Liberal Party	President
—		Franck Lavaud (1903–1986)	—	11 January 1946	16 August 1946	217 days	Military	Chairman of the Military Executive Committee
30		Dumarsais Estimé (1900–1953)	—	16 August 1946	10 May 1950	3 years, 267 days	Independent	President
—		Franck Lavaud (1903–1986)	—	10 May 1950	6 December 1950	210 days	Military	Chairman of the Government Junta
31		Paul Magloire (1907–2001)	1950	6 December 1950	12 December 1956	6 years, 6 days	Peasant Worker Movement	President
—		Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis (1900–1966)	—	12 December 1956	3 February 1957	53 days	Independent	Provisional President
—		Franck Sylvain (1909–1987)	—	7 February 1957	2 April 1957	54 days	Independent	Provisional President
—		Executive Government Council	—	2 April 1957	25 May 1957	53 days	Independent	Executive Government Council
—		Daniel Fignolé (1913–1986)	—	25 May 1957	14 June 1957	20 days	Peasant Worker Movement	Provisional President
—		Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau (1909–1963)	—	14 June 1957	22 October 1957	130 days	Military	Chairman of the Military Council

Republic of Haiti during the Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986)

Symbols

^P Presidential referendum
^C Constitutional referendum
^† Died in office

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office			Party	Title(s)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party	Title(s)
32		François Duvalier (1907–1971)	1957 1961^[P] 1964^[C]	22 October 1957	21 April 1971^[†]	13 years, 181 days	National Unity Party	President (22 October 1957 – 22 June 1964) President for Life (22 June 1964 – 21 April 1971)
33		Jean-Claude Duvalier (1951–2014)	1971^[C] 1985^[C]	21 April 1971	7 February 1986[lower-alpha 9]	14 years, 292 days	National Unity Party	President for Life

Republic of Haiti (1986–present)

Symbols

^I Indirect election

No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Term of office			Party	Title(s)
No.	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Elected	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party	Title(s)
—		Henri Namphy (1932–2018)	—	7 February 1986	7 February 1988	2 years	Military	President of the National Council of Government
34		Leslie Manigat (1930–2014)	1988	7 February 1988	20 June 1988[lower-alpha 10]	134 days	Rally of Progressive National Democrats	President
35		Henri Namphy (1932–2018)	—	20 June 1988	17 September 1988[lower-alpha 11]	89 days	Military	President
36		Prosper Avril (born 1937)	—	17 September 1988	10 March 1990	1 year, 236 days	Military	President
—		Hérard Abraham (born 1940)	—	10 March 1990	13 March 1990	3 days	Military	Acting President
—		Ertha Pascal-Trouillot (born 1943)	—	13 March 1990	7 February 1991	331 days	Independent	Provisional President
37		Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 1953)	1990–91	7 February 1991	29 September 1991[lower-alpha 12]	234 days	Lavalas Political Organization	President
N/A		Raoul Cédras (born 1949)	—	29 September 1991	8 October 1991	9 days	Military	Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces[lower-alpha 13]
—		Joseph Nérette (1924–2007)	—	8 October 1991	19 June 1992	255 days	Independent	Provisional President
—		Marc Bazin (1932–2010)	—	19 June 1992	15 June 1993	361 days	Movement for the Instauration of Democracy in Haiti	Acting President
37		Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 1953)	—	15 June 1993	12 May 1994	331 days	Lavalas Political Organization	President[lower-alpha 14]
—		Émile Jonassaint (1913–1995)	—	12 May 1994	12 October 1994	153 days	Independent	Provisional President
37		Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 1953)	—	12 October 1994	7 February 1996	1 year, 118 days	Lavalas Political Organization	President[lower-alpha 15]
38		René Préval (1943–2017)	1995	7 February 1996	7 February 2001	5 years	Fanmi Lavalas	President
39		Jean-Bertrand Aristide (born 1953)	2000	7 February 2001	29 February 2004[lower-alpha 16]	3 years, 22 days	Fanmi Lavalas	President
—		Boniface Alexandre (born 1936)	—	29 February 2004	14 May 2006	2 years, 75 days	Independent	Provisional President
40		René Préval (1943–2017)	2006	14 May 2006	14 May 2011	5 years	Lespwa[lower-alpha 17]	President
(40)		René Préval (1943–2017)	2006	14 May 2006	14 May 2011	5 years	Inite	President
41		Michel Martelly (born 1961)	2010–11	14 May 2011	7 February 2016	4 years, 269 days	Repons Peyizan	President
—		Council of Ministers	—	7 February 2016	14 February 2016	7 days	Independent	Council of Ministers
—		Jocelerme Privert (born 1953)	2016 (Feb)^[I]	14 February 2016	7 February 2017	359 days	Inite	Provisional President[lower-alpha 18]
42		Jovenel Moïse (born 1968)	2016 (Nov)	7 February 2017	Incumbent	3 years, 135 days	Haitian Tèt Kale Party	President

Foreign governors and military commanders

	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Title(s)	Country
	Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Title(s)	Country
United States occupation of Haiti
		William Banks Caperton (1855–1941)	28 July 1915	15 August 1915	18 days	Commander cruiser squadron, Atlantic Fleet	United States
		Littleton Waller (1856–1926)	15 August 1915	21 November 1916	1 year, 98 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		Eli K. Cole (1867–1929)	22 November 1916	27 November 1917	1 year, 5 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		John H. Russell Jr. (1872–1947)	28 November 1917	6 December 1918	1 year, 8 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		Albertus W. Catlin (1868–1933)	7 December 1918	14 July 1919	−146 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		Louis M. Little (1878–1960)	15 July 1919	1 October 1919	78 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		John H. Russell Jr. (1872–1947)	2 October 1919	14 January 1922	2 years, 104 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		George O. Van Orden (1878–1957)	14 January 1922	28 March 1922	73 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		Theodore P. Kane (1868–1943)	29 March 1922	15 November 1923	1 year, 231 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		William N. McKelvy (1869–1933)	16 November 1923	21 January 1924	66 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		Ben H. Fuller (1870–1937)	21 January 1924	11 June 1925	1 year, 141 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		William N. McKelvy (1869–1933)	12 June 1925	25 June 1925	13 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		Harold Courtland Snyder (1872–1933)	26 June 1925	29 July 1925	33 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		Ben H. Fuller (1870–1937)	30 July 1925	7 December 1925	130 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		John T. Myers (1871–1952)	8 December 1925	24 January 1928	2 years, 47 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		Presley M. Rixey Jr. (1879–1953)	25 January 1928	22 February 1928	28 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		Louis Mason Gulick (1879–1933)	23 February 1928	24 June 1929	1 year, 121 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		Richard M. Cutts (1878–1934)	25 June 1929	11 May 1931	1 year, 320 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		Louis M. Little (1878–1960)	3 July 1931	15 August 1934	3 years, 43 days	Commander, Expeditionary Forces Operating in Haiti	United States
		Arthur Bailly-Blanchard (1855–1925)	15 November 1915	26 September 1921	5 years, 315 days	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	United States
		John H. Russell Jr. (1872–1947)	11 February 1922	16 November 1930	8 years, 278 days	High Commissioner to Haiti	United States
		Dana Gardner Munro (1892–1990)	16 November 1930	14 September 1932	1 year, 303 days	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	United States
		Norman Armour (1887–1982)	7 November 1932	4 March 1933	117 days	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	United States
		Norman Armour (1887–1982)	11 April 1933	21 March 1935	1 year, 344 days	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	United States
		George A. Gordon (1885–1959)	6 September 1935	21 July 1937	1 year, 318 days	Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary	United States
Operation Uphold Democracy
		Hugh Shelton (born 1942)	19 September 1994	25 October 1994	36 days	Commander of the Multinational Forces Haiti (MNF)	United States
		David C. Meade (born 1941?)	25 October 1994	14 January 1995	81 days	Commander of the Multinational Forces Haiti (MNF)	United States
		George A. Fisher Jr. (born 1942)	14 January 1995	31 March 1995	76 days	Commander of the Multinational Forces Haiti (MNF)	United States
		Joseph W. Kinzer (born 1939)	31 March 1995	5 March 1996	340 days	Commander of the United Nations Mission in Haiti Force (UNMIH)	United States
		J. R. Pierre Daigle (born 1950)	5 March 1996	30 June 1997	1 year, 117 days	Commander of the United Nations Mission in Haiti Force (UNMIH)	Canada
		Robin Gagnon (born 1950)	1 August 1997	30 November 1997	121 days	Commander of the United Nations Mission in Haiti Force (UNMIH)	Canada
2004 Haitian coup d'état
		Ronald S. Coleman (born 1948)	29 February 2004	1 June 2004	93 days	Commanding General, Combined Joint Task Force Haiti and Commander of the Multinational Interim Force in Haiti (MIF)	United States
		Augusto Heleno (born 1947)	1 June 2004	1 September 2005	1 year, 92 days	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
		Urano Teixeira da Matta Bacellar (1947–2006)	1 September 2005	7 January 2006	128 days	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
		Eduardo Aldunate Herman (born 1948) Interim	7 January 2006	20 January 2006	13 days	Interim Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Chile
		José Elito Carvalho de Siqueira (born 1946)	20 January 2006	9 January 2007	354 days	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
		Carlos Alberto Dos Santos Cruz (born 1952)	9 January 2007	9 April 2009	2 years, 90 days	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
		Floriano Peixoto Vieira Neto (born 1954)	9 April 2009	11 April 2010	1 year, 2 days	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
		Luiz Guilherme Paul Cruz (born 1957)	11 April 2010	30 March 2011	353 days	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
		Luiz Eduardo Ramos Pereira (born 1956)	30 March 2011	27 March 2012	363 days	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
		Fernando Rodrigues Goulart (born 1958)	27 March 2012	27 March 2013	1 years	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
		Edson Leal Pujol (born 1955)	27 March 2013	15 March 2014	353 days	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
		José Luiz Jaborandy Jr. (1958–2015)	15 March 2014	30 August 2015	1 year, 168 days	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
		Jorge Peña Leiva (born 1961) Acting	4 September 2015	13 October 2015	39 days	Acting Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Chile
		Ajax Porto Pinheiro (born 1956)	13 October 2015	15 October 2017	2 years, 2 days	Commander, United Nations Stabilisation Mission in Haiti Force (MINUSTAH)	Brazil
2010 Haiti earthquake
		P. K. "Ken" Keen (born c. 1953)	14 January 2010	18 April 2010	94 days	Commander of the Joint Task Force for Haiti (JTF–H)	United States
		Simeon G. Trombitas (born 1948)	18 April 2010	1 June 2010	44 days	Commander of the Joint Task Force for Haiti (JTF–H)	United States

Notes

Rule limited to the northern State of Haiti
Rule limited to the northern Kingdom of Haiti
Rule limited to the southern Republic of Haiti
United the northern Kingdom and the southern Republic in 1820
Great-Grandson of Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Emperor of Haiti 1804–1806)
Son of Tirésias Simon Sam (President of Haiti 1896–1902). Also the inspiration for Eugene O'Neill's The Emperor Jones
Served under the United States occupation
Served under the United States occupation until 1934
Deposed in the Anti-Duvalier protest movement
Deposed in the June 1988 coup d'état
Deposed in the September 1988 coup d'état
Deposed in the 1991 coup d'état
De facto leader of Haiti (29 September 1991 – 12 October 1994)
In exile, but recognized in Haiti
Served under the United States occupation until 1995
Deposed in the 2004 coup d'état
Until November 2009
Presidential term expired on 14 June 2016

Heads of State of Haiti
Post-Revolutionary (1804–59)	Dessalines/Jacques I Christophe/Henri I Blanchet (acting) Pétion Boyer Rivière-Hérard Guerrier Pierrot Riché Soulouque/Faustin I
Post-Imperial (1859–1930)	Geffrard Saget (provisional) Salnave Saget Council of Secretaries of State Domingue Boisrond-Canal Lamothe (provisional) Salomon Boisrond-Canal (provisional) Légitime Jeune (provisional) Hyppolite Simon Sam Boisrond-Canal (provisional) Alexis Simon Leconte Auguste Oreste Zamor Théodore Guillaume Sam Dartiguenave Borno Roy
Post-Occupation (1930–86)	Vincent Lescot Lavaud Estimé Lavaud Magloire Pierre-Louis (provisional) Sylvain (provisional) Executive Government Council Fignolé (provisional) Kébreau François Duvalier Jean-Claude Duvalier
Post-Duvalier (1986–2011)	Namphy Manigat Namphy Avril Abraham Pascal-Trouillot Aristide Cédras Nérette Bazin (provisional) Jonassaint (provisional) Aristide Préval Aristide Alexandre (provisional) Préval
Post-earthquake (2011–present)	Martelly Privert (provisional) Moïse

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