List of Roman dynasties

This is a list of the dynasties that ruled the Roman Empire and its two succeeding counterparts, the Western Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire). Dynasties of states that had claimed legal succession from the Roman Empire are not included in this list.

List of Roman dynasties
Dynasty Period of rule Rulers
Start End Term First to rule Last to rule List
Dynasties of the Principate
Julio–Claudian dynasty 27 BCE[1] 68 CE[1] 95 years Augustus Nero (list)
Flavian dynasty 69 CE[1] 96 CE[1] 27 years Vespasian Domitian (list)
Nerva–Antonine dynasty[lower-alpha 1] 96 CE[2] 192 CE[2] 96 years Nerva Commodus (list)
Severan dynasty 193 CE[3] 235 CE[3] 42 years Septimius Severus Severus Alexander (list)
Gordian dynasty 238 CE[4] 244 CE[4] 6 years Gordian I Gordian III (list)
Decian dynasty 249 CE 251 CE 2 years Decius Hostilian (list)
Valerian dynasty 253 CE 268 CE 15 years Valerian Gallienus (list)
Caran dynasty 282 CE 285 CE 3 years Carus Carinus (list)
Dynasties of the Dominate
Constantinian dynasty[lower-alpha 2] 305 CE[5] 363 CE[5] 58 years Constantius Chlorus
(Western)
Constantine I
(Eastern)		 Julian
(Western & Eastern)		 (list)
Valentinian dynasty 364 CE[6] 392 CE[6] 28 years Valentinian I
(Western & Eastern)		 Valens
(Eastern)
Valentinian II
(Western)		 (list)
Theodosian dynasty 379 CE[7] 457 CE[7] 78 years Theodosius I
(Western & Eastern)		 Valentinian III
(Western)
Marcian
(Eastern)		 (list W)
(list E)
Eastern (Byzantine) dynasties
Leonid dynasty 457 CE[8] 518 CE[8] 61 years Leo I Anastasius I (list)
Justinian dynasty 518 CE[9] 602 CE[9] 84 years Justin I Maurice
and
Theodosius[lower-alpha 3]		 (list)
Heraclian dynasty 610 CE[10] 711 CE[10] 91 years[lower-alpha 4] Heraclius Justinian II
and
Tiberius[lower-alpha 5]		 (list)
Isaurian dynasty[lower-alpha 6] 717 CE[11] 802 CE[11] 85 years Leo III Irene of Athens (list)
Nikephorian dynasty 802 CE 813 CE 11 years Nikephoros I Michael I Rangabe
and
Theophylact[lower-alpha 7]		 (list)
Amorian dynasty[lower-alpha 8] 820 CE[12] 867 CE[12] 47 years Michael II Michael III (list)
Macedonian dynasty 867 CE[12] 1056 CE[12] 189 years Basil I Theodora Porphyrogenita (list)
Komnenid dynasty[lower-alpha 9] 1057 CE[13] 1185 CE[13] 106 years[lower-alpha 10] Isaac I Komnenos Andronikos I Komnenos
and
John Komnenos[lower-alpha 11]		 (list)
Doukid dynasty 1059 CE[14] 1078 CE[14] 19 years Constantine X Doukas Michael VII Doukas (list)
Angelid dynasty 1185 CE[15] 1204 CE[15] 19 years Isaac II Angelos Alexios V Doukas (list)
Laskarid dynasty[lower-alpha 12] 1205 CE 1261 CE 56 years Theodore I Laskaris John IV Laskaris (list)
Palaiologan dynasty 1259 CE[16] 1453 CE[16] 194 years Michael VIII Palaiologos Constantine XI Palaiologos (list)

Graphical representation
Macedonian dynastyTheodosian dynastyValentinian dynastyConstantinian dynastyGordian dynastySeveran dynastyNerva–Antonine dynastyFlavian dynastyJulio-Claudian dynasty


See also

Notes
  1. The Nerva–Antonine dynasty is sometimes subdivided into the Nerva–Trajan dynasty and the Antonine dynasty.
  2. The Constantinian dynasty is also known as the "Neo-Flavian dynasty".
  3. Maurice and Theodosius reigned as co-rulers.
  4. The rule of the Heraclian dynasty was interrupted between 695 CE and 705 CE. Justinian II was both the last ruler before the interregnum and the first ruler after the interregnum.
  5. Justinian II and Tiberius reigned as co-rulers.
  6. The Isaurian dynasty is also known as the "Syrian dynasty".
  7. Michael I Rangabe and Theophylact reigned as co-rulers.
  8. The Amorian dynasty is also known as the "Phrygian dynasty".
  9. The Komnenid dynasty ruled the Empire of Trebizond between 1204 CE and 1461 CE.
  10. The rule of the Komnenid dynasty was interrupted between 1059 CE and 1081 CE. Isaac I Komnenos was the last ruler before the interregnum. Alexios I Komnenos was the first ruler after the interregnum.
  11. Andronikos I Komnenos and John Komnenos reigned as co-rulers.
  12. The Laskarid dynasty of the Empire of Nicaea during the Fourth Crusade is considered as the legitimate continuation of the Roman Empire.

References
  1. Kidner, Frank; Bucur, Maria; Mathisen, Ralph; McKee, Sally; Weeks, Theodore (2013). Making Europe: The Story of the West. p. 161.
  2. D'Amato, Raffaele; Frediani, Andrea (2019). Strasbourg AD 357: The victory that saved Gaul. p. 8.
  3. Ermatinger, James (2018). The Roman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. p. 233.
  4. Fomenko, Anatoly (2005). History: Fiction Or Science?. p. 171.
  5. Cowell, Frank (1961). Everyday Life in Ancient Rome. p. 199.
  6. Christ, Karl (1984). The Romans: An Introduction to Their History and Civilisation. p. 184.
  7. Grig, Lucy; Kelly, Gavin (2015). Two Romes: Rome and Constantinople in Late Antiquity. p. 186.
  8. Maas, Michael (2015). The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila. p. 106.
  9. Konstam, Angus (2015). Byzantine Warship vs Arab Warship: 7th–11th centuries. p. 18.
  10. Flichy, Thomas (2012). Financial Crises and Renewal of Empires. p. 30.
  11. LePree, James; Djukic, Ljudmila (2019). The Byzantine Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. p. 209.
  12. Tougher, Shaun (2009). The Eunuch in Byzantine History and Society. p. 55.
  13. Walker, Alicia (2012). The Emperor and the World: Exotic Elements and the Imaging of Middle Byzantine Imperial Power, Ninth to Thirteenth Centuries C.E. p. 11.
  14. Stacton, David (1965). The World on the Last Day: The Sack of Constantinople by the Turks, May 29, 1453: Its Causes and Consequences. p. 276.
  15. LePree & Djukic (2019). p. 305.
  16. Woodfin, Warren (2012). The Embodied Icon: Liturgical Vestments and Sacramental Power in Byzantium. p. xxv.
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