List of Portuguese colonial forts

This article will list all fortifications that were built, or ordered to be built by the Portuguese throughout the globe. All forts in this list are outside the modern territory of Portugal, and were built for the purpose of colonialism and the Portuguese Overseas Empire.

A map of the Portuguese Empire and its claims, strongholds, trade waters, and economic interests.
This article is about former Portuguese forts. For forts inside of Portugal, see List of forts § Portugal.

Portuguese explorers have discovered many lands and the sea routes in the 15th-18th centuries during the Age of Discovery. Along the way they built outposts and fortresses, many of which still exist today all over the world. Similar in design they are often easy to recognize although not in Portuguese hands for many years or centuries already.

List of forts by continent

Africa
Name Built Condition Image City Current country Historical rulers
Cacheu Fort 1588 Intact Cacheu Guinea-Bissau Portugal (1588-1974)
Castelo Real 1506 Demolished Essaouira Morocco Portugal (1506-1510)
Morocco (1510-18th century)
Elmina Castle 1482 Intact Elmina Ghana Portugal (1482-1637)
Netherlands (1637-1872)
Britain (1872-1957)
Fort Jesus 1593-1596 Intact Mombasa Kenya Portugal (1593-1698, 1728-1729)
Oman (1698-1741, 1837-1895)
Local rule (1741-1837)
Britain (1895-1963)
Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá 1721 Intact Ouidah Benin Portugal (1721-1961)
Forte Real de São Filipe 1587-1593 Intact Cidade Velha Cape Verde Portugal (1587-1975)
Fort Saint Anthony 1515 Intact Axim Ghana Portugal (1515-1642)
Netherlands (1642-1872)
Britain (1872-1957)
Fort San Sebastian 1520-1526 Intact Shama Ghana Portugal (1520-1642)
Netherlands (1642-1872)
Britain (1872-1957)
Fort São Caetano 1505 Decimated Sofala Mozambique Portugal (1505-1975)
Fort São Sebastião 1558 Intact Island of Mozambique Mozambique Portugal (1558-1975)
Fort São Sebastião 1575 Intact São Tomé São Tomé and Príncipe Portugal (1575-1641, 1644-1975)
Netherlands (1641-1644)
Fortaleza de São José da Amura 1697 Restored Bissau Guinea-Bissau Portugal (1697-1974)
Forte Duque de Bragança 1820 Ruins Ilhéu de Sal Rei Cape Verde Portugal (1820-1975)
Fortim de São Lourenço 1695 Intact Island of São Lourenço Mozambique Portugal (1695-1975)
Fortress of Kambambe 1604 Ruins Cambambe Angola Portugal (1604-1975)
Fortress of Muxima 1599 Intact Muxima Angola Portugal (1599-1641, 1648-1975)
Netherlands (1641-1648)
Fortress of São Miguel 1576 Intact Luanda Angola Portugal (1576-1641, 1648-1975)
Netherlands (1641-1648)
Mazagão Fort 1514 Intact El Jadida Morocco Portugal (1514-1769)
Morocco (1769-1912)
France (1912-1956)
Royal Walls of Ceuta 1540s Intact Ceuta Spain Portugal (1415-1668)

Americas
Name Built Condition Image City Current country Historical rulers
Fort Santana 1775 Ruins Fernando de Noronha Brazil Portugal (1775-1822)
Fortaleza de Nossa Senhora da Assunção 1812 Intact Fortaleza Brazil Portugal (1812-1822)
Fortaleza de Nossa Senhora da Conceição 1718 Intact Rio de Janeiro Brazil Portugal (1718-1822)
Fortaleza de Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres 1767-1769 Intact Paranaguá Brazil Portugal (1767-1822)
Fortaleza de Santa Cruz da Barra 1612 Intact Niterói Brazil Portugal (1612-1822)
Fortaleza de Santa Cruz de Anhatomirim 1739-1744 Intact Governador Celso Ramos Brazil
Fortaleza de Santa Teresa 1762 Intact Santa Teresa National Park Uruguay Portugal (1762-1763)
Spain (1763-1816)
Portugal (1816-1822)
Brazil (1822-1828)
Forte de Nossa Senhora dos Remédios 1737 Ruins Fernando de Noronha Brazil Portugal (1737-1822)
Forte de Santa Maria 1614 Intact Salvador Brazil Portugal (1614-1822)
Netherlands (1624-1625)
Forte de Santo Antônio Além do Carmo 1695-1703 Intact Salvador Brazil Portugal (1695-1822)
Forte de Santo Antônio da Barra 1596 Restored Salvador Brazil Portugal (1596-1822)
Netherlands (1624-1625)
Forte de São Diogo 1609 Intact Salvador Brazil Portugal (1609-1822)
Netherlands (1624-1625)
Forte de São Lourenço 1631 Restored Itaparica Brazil Portugal (1631-1822)
Netherlands (1647)
Forte dos Reis Magos 1599 Intact Natal Brazil Portugal (1599-1633, 1654-1822)
Netherlands (1633-1654)
Fuerte San Miguel 1737 Intact Dieciocho de Julio Uruguay Portugal (1737-1763)
Spain (1763-1816)
Portugal (1816-1822)
Brazil (1822-1828)
São Marcelo Fort 1608-1623 Intact Salvador Brazil Portugal (1608-1822)
Netherlands (1624-1625)

Asia
Name Built Condition Image City Current country Historical rulers
A Famosa 1511 Fragments Malacca Malaysia Portugal (1511-1641)
Netherlands (1641-1795, 1818-1824)
Britain (1795-1818, 1824-1956)
Japan (1942-1945)
Al Jalali Fort 1586 Restored Muscat Oman Portugal (1586-1650)
Muscat (1650-1820)
Muscat & Oman (1820-1892)
Britain (1892-1970)
Arippu Fort 17th century Ruins Mannar Sri Lanka Portugal (17th century-1658)
Netherlands (1658-1796)
Britain (1796-1948)
Balibo Fort 1645-1665 Intact Balibo East Timor Portugal (1645-1975)
Indonesia (1975-1999)
UNTAET (1999-2002)
Batticaloa Fort 1622-1628 Intact Batticaloa Sri Lanka Portugal (1622-1638)
Netherlands (1638-1796)
Britain (1796-1948)
Castella de Aguada 1640 Intact Mumbai India Portugal (1640-1661)
Britain (1661-1947)
Chapora Fort 1717 Ruins Chapora India Portugal (1717-1961)
Cranganore Fort 1523 Ruins Kodungallur India Portugal (1523-1662)
Netherlands (1662-1796)
Britain (1796-1947)
Dongri Fort [1] 1596 Ruins (Church preserved) Mumbai India Portugal (1596-1661)
Britain (1661-1947)
Fort Aguada 1612 Intact Sinquerim India Portugal (1612-1961)
Fort Al-Mirani 16th century Restored Muscat Oman Portugal (16th century-1650)
Ottoman Empire (1552, 1581-1588)
Muscat (1650-1820)
Muscat & Oman (1820-1892)
Britain (1892-1970)
Fort Anjediva 1505 Demolished Anjediva Island India Portugal (1505-1961)
Fort Diu 1535 Intact Diu India Portugal (1535-1961)
Fort Emmanuel 1503 Ruins Kochi India Portugal (1503-1663)
Netherlands (1663-1795)
Britain (1795-1947)
Fort Kastela 1522 Ruins Ternate Indonesia Portugal (1522-1575)
Ternate (1575-1606)
Spain (1606-1663)
Netherlands (1663-1942, 1945-1946)
Japan (1942-1945)
East Indonesia (1946-1950)
Fort of Our Lady of the Conception 1515 Fragments Hormuz Iran
Fort St. Anthony of Simbor 16th century Restored Simbor India Portugal (16th century-1961)
Fort Tarout 1515-1520 Intact Tarout Island Saudi Arabia Portugal (1515-1559)
Fortaleza do Monte 1617-1626 Intact Macau China Portugal (1617-1999)
Galle Fort 1584 Intact Galle Sri Lanka
Ghodbunder Fort 1550-1730 Ruins Thane India Portugal (1550-1737)
Maratha (1737-1818)
Britain (1818-1947)
Guia Fortress 1622-1638 Intact Macau China Portugal (1622-1999)
Khasab Fort 17th century Restored Khasab Oman
Korlai Fort 1521 Ruins Korlai India Ahmadnagar (1521-1594)
Portugal (1594-1739)
Maratha (1739-1818)
Britain (1818-1947)
Madh Fort 17th century Intact Mumbai India Portugal (17th century)
Britain (1661-1947)
Mutrah Fort 1580s Intact Muscat Oman Portugal (1580s-1650)
Muscat (1650-1820)
Muscat & Oman (1820-1892)
Britain (1892-1970)
Pallipuram Fort 1503 Intact Kochi India Portugal (1503-1663)
Netherlands (1663-1795)
Britain (1795-1947)
Pooneryn Fort 17th century Ruins Pooneryn Sri Lanka Portugal (17th century-1658)
Netherlands (1658-1796)
Britain (1796-1948)
Portuguese Fort 17th century Intact Jepara Regency Indonesia Mataram (17th century-1743)
Netherlands (1743-1811, 1814-1942)
Britain (1811-1814)
Japan (1942-1945)
Portuguese Fort of Qeshm 16th century Ruins Qeshm Iran
Reduto do Conselheiro Jacinto Candido 1655 Intact Batugade East Timor Portugal (1655-1975)
Indonesia (1975-1999)
UNTAET (1999-2002)
Revdanda Fort 1524 Ruins Revdanda India Portugal (1524-1806)
Maratha (1806-1818)
Britain (1818-1947)
St. Angelo Fort 1505 Intact Kannur India
St. Thomas Fort 1518 Ruins Kollam India Portugal (1518-1661)
Netherlands (1661-1795)
Britain (1795-1947)

See also
  • Architecture of Portugal

References
  1. Burnell, John (2007). Bombay in the Days of Queen Anne - Being an Account of the Settlement Also: Burnell's Narrative of his Adventures in Bengal. Read Books. ISBN 9781406755473. Retrieved 22 August 2014.

Notes

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