List of Pacific hurricanes

This is a list of notable Pacific hurricanes, subdivided by reason for notability. Notability means that it has met some criterion or achieved some statistic, or is part of a top ten for some superlative. It includes lists and rankings of Pacific hurricanes by different characteristics and impacts.

Characteristics include extremes of location, such as the northernmost or most equator-ward formation or position of a tropical cyclone. Other characteristics include its central pressure, windspeed, category on the Saffir–Simpson scale, cyclogenesis outside of a normal hurricane season's timeframe, or storms that remain unnamed despite forming after tropical cyclone naming began in 1960. Another characteristic is how long a system lasted from formation to dissipation. These include the cost of damage, the number of casualties, as well as meteorological statistics such as rainfall point maximum, wind speed, and minimum pressure.

Hurricane Patricia approaching Mexico on October 23, 2015

Impact

Retired names
Main article: List of retired Pacific hurricane names

Adolph and Israel were removed from the list of names during and after the 2001 season due to political sensitivities. Knut was removed from the list in 1988 for unknown reasons. Adele, Iva, and Fefa were also removed in 1970, 1988, and 1991 respectively for unknown reasons. Hazel was replaced in 1965.[1] The name Isis was also pre-emptively removed from the lists of names for 2016 after being deemed inappropriate because of the eponymous militant group in 2015.[2]

Unnamed but historically significant
Name Year Notes
San Diego hurricane 1858Strongest tropical cyclone to affect California[3]
unnamed storm 1871First and one of only three known hurricanes to make landfall in the Hawaiian Islands.[4]
California tropical storm 1939Only known modern landfall in California[5]
Cabo San Lucas hurricane 1941Deadliest hurricane to hit Cabo San Lucas in the 20th century[6]
1943 Mazatlán hurricane 1943One of the strongest hurricanes to hit Mazatlán[7]
Texas hurricane 1949Most intense Pacific-Atlantic crossover[8]
1957 Mazatlán hurricane 1957Third-strongest Mexico landfall[7]
Mexico hurricane 1959Deadliest Pacific hurricane[9]

Deadliest tropical cyclones
Hurricane Paul was the second-deadliest Pacific hurricane

The following tropical cyclones have caused at least 100 deaths.

Rank Hurricane Season Fatalities Ref.
1 "Mexico" 1959 1,800 [10]
2 Paul 1982 1,696 [11][12][13][14][15]
3 Liza 1976 1,108 [16][17]
4 Tara 1961 436 [18]
5 Aletta 1982 308 [19][20]
6 Pauline 1997 230–400 [21]
7 Agatha 2010 190 [22][23]
8 Manuel 2013 169 [24]
9 Tico 1983 141 [25][26]
10 Ismael 1995 116 [27]
11 "Lower California" 1931 110 [28][29]
12 "Mazatlán" 1943 100 [30]
Lidia 1981 100 [23]

Costliest tropical cyclones
Damage from Hurricane Iniki

The following tropical cyclones have caused at least $500 million in damage.

Known Pacific hurricanes with at least $500 million in damage
Storm Season Damage Ref.
Manuel 2013 $4.2 billion [31]
Iniki 1992 $3.1 billion [32]
Odile 2014 $1.25 billion [33]
Agatha 2010 $1.1 billion [34]
Willa 2018 $825 million [35][36][37][38]
Madeline 1998 $750 million [39]
Rosa 1994 $700 million [40]
Paul 1982 $520 million [41][42][43]
Octave 1983 $512.5 million [44][45]
Norman 1978 $500 million [46]

Seasonal activity and records

In the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's (CPHC) area of responsibility (AOR), the season with the most tropical cyclones is the 2015 season with 16 cyclones forming in or entering the region. A season without cyclones has happened a few times since 1966, most recently in 1979.[47]

Highest
Track map of the 1992 Pacific hurricane season, the busiest ever recorded
Year NHC's AOR CPHC's AOR Total
Tropical
storms		 Hurricanes Major
hurricanes		 Tropical
storms		 Hurricanes Major
hurricanes		 Tropical
storms		 Hurricanes Major
hurricanes
1992 season 24148322271610
2015 season 181310831261611
1985 season 2212822024148
2018 season 22129111231310
1982 season 1911541023125
2014 season 2015721222169
2016 season 2012522122136
1984 season 1812631121137
1983 season 2112800021128
1990 season 2016610021166

Lowest
Track map of the 2010 Pacific hurricane season, the lowest ever recorded

Before 1971 and especially 1966, data in this basin is extremely unreliable. The geostationary satellite era began in 1966,[48] and that year is often considered the first year of reliable tropical records.[49] Intensity estimates are most reliable starting in the 1971 season. A few years later, the Dvorak technique came into use. Those two factors make intensity estimates more reliable starting in that year.[49] For these reasons, seasons prior to 1971 are not included.

Year NHC's AOR CPHC's AOR Total
Tropical
storms		 Hurricanes Major
hurricanes		 Tropical
storms		 Hurricanes Major
hurricanes		 Tropical
storms		 Hurricanes Major
hurricanes
2010 season 732100832
1977 season 840000840
1996 season 952000952
1999 season 962000962
1995 season 10730001073
1979 season 10640001064

Naming history
Hurricane Oho, the eighth system to receive a central Pacific name in 2015

Naming of tropical cyclones in the eastern north Pacific began in the 1960 season. That year, four lists of names were created. The plan was to proceed in a manner similar to that of the western Pacific; that is, the name of the first storm in one season would be the next unused one from the same list, and when the bottom of one list was reached the next list was started. This scheme was abandoned in 1965 and next year, the lists started being recycled on a four-year rotation, starting with the A name each year.[50] That same general scheme remains in use today, although the names and lists are different. On average, the eastern north Pacific sees about sixteen named storms per year.[51]

Named storms per month
Four of the July cyclones during the 2016 season

Before 1971 and especially 1966, data in this basin is extremely unreliable. The geostationary satellite era began in 1966,[48] and that year is often considered the first year of reliable tropical records.[49] Intensity estimates are more reliable starting in the 1971 season. A few years later, the Dvorak technique came into use. Those two make intensity estimates more reliable starting in that year.[49] For these reasons, seasons before 1966 are not included in the lowest column.

MonthMost namedLeast named
Number SeasonNumberSeason
Pre-season 219920Many†
Late May 21984
2007
2012
2013		0Many†
June 51985
2018		 01969
2004
2006
2007
2016
July 71985
2015
2016		01966
2010
August 9196801996
September 6Many†11979
2010
October 5199201989
1995
1996
2005
2010
November 22006
2015
2016		0Many†
Post-season/
December		 1Many†0Many†

† Shared by more than five seasons. Source:[52]

Off-season storms
Main article: List of off-season Pacific hurricanes
A meteorological enigma, Hurricane Ekeka formed in January and became a major hurricane.

The Pacific hurricane season runs from May 15 to November 30.[53] Only systems that develop or enter during the off-season are included. The earliest off-season storm is Pali in 2016 whilst the latest off-season storm was Nine-C during 2015.

Name Formation dateRef.
Unnamed December 1832[54]
Unnamed December 23, 1902[55]
Unnamed December 23, 1904[55]
Unnamed May 3, 1906[55]
Unnamed February 6, 1922[56]
Unnamed December 22, 1925[57]
Unnamed December 4, 1936[58]
Carmen April 4, 1980†[59]
Winnie December 4, 1983[52]
Winona January 9, 1989[60]
Alma May 12, 1990[52]
Ekeka January 26, 1992[61]
Hali March 28, 1992[52]
One-E May 13, 1996[52]
Omeka December 20, 2010[52]
Aletta May 14, 2012[52]
Nine-C December 31, 2015[62]
Pali January 7, 2016[63]
Adrian May 9, 2017[64]
One-E May 10, 2018[65]
One-E April 25, 2020

†Entered the basin on this date

Unnamed storms
Main article: List of unnamed tropical cyclones
The unnamed hurricane of 1975 near the Pacific Northwest

Tropical cyclones have received official names in the east-central Pacific region since 1960. Since this time, 5 systems that have formed in this area have not received a name, plus another possible unnamed subtropical or tropical system in 2006.

Strength

Category 5
Main article: List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes

Since 1959, only 18 Pacific hurricanes are known to have reached Category 5 and none made landfall while at this intensity.[52]

Category 4
Main article: List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes

Since 1900, 129 Pacific hurricanes have attained Category 4 intensity, of which four made landfall at that strength.[52]

Category 3
Main article: List of Category 3 Pacific hurricanes

Since 1970, 82 Pacific hurricanes have attained Category 3 intensity, of which three made landfall at that strength.[52]

Duration records
Hurricane Tina, the longest lasting Pacific hurricane east of the international dateline

This lists all Pacific hurricanes that existed as tropical cyclones while in the Pacific Ocean east of the dateline for more than two weeks continuously. Hurricanes John and Dora spent some time in the west Pacific before dissipating. John spent eleven days west of the dateline; if that time was included John would have existed for a total of 30 days and 18 hours, a world record, while including Dora's time in the west Pacific would mean that it existed for 18 days.[52] One Atlantic hurricane, Hurricane Joan, crossed into this basin and was renamed Miriam,[66] giving it a total lifespan of 22 days,[67] but not all of that was in the Pacific. 1993's Greg formed from the remnants of 1993's Tropical Storm Bret.[66] Its time as an Atlantic system is excluded.

All of these systems except Trudy, Olaf, and Connie existed in both the east and central Pacific, and all except Olaf were hurricanes. Hurricane Trudy of 1990 is thus the longest lived eastern Pacific hurricane to stay in the eastern Pacific. Tropical Storm Olaf of 1997 is hence the longest-lived eastern Pacific tropical cyclone not to reach hurricane intensity.[52]

No known tropical cyclone forming in the central north Pacific lasted for longer than 14 days without crossing into another basin.[52] The tropical cyclone forming in the central Pacific that spent the most time there was 2014's Hurricane Ana at 12.75 days from formation to extratropical transition.[68][69]

Rank Duration (days) NameSeason
1 24.50 Tina1992
2 20.00 Fico1978
3 19.00 John1994
4 17.50 Kevin1991
5 16.75 Trudy1990
6 16.50 Guillermo1997
16.50 Olaf1997
8 16.25 Celeste1972
16.25 Doreen1973
16.25 Kenneth2005
11 16.00 Daniel1982
12 15.25 Connie1974
13 14.50 Jimena2015
14.50 Darby2016
15 14.00 Marie1990
14.00 Greg1993
14.00 Dora1999
14.00 Lane2018
14.00 Olivia2018

Before the weather satellite era began, the lifespans of many Pacific hurricanes may be underestimated.[49]

Crossover storms

From Atlantic to Eastern Pacific
See also: List of Atlantic–Pacific crossover hurricanes
Tracks of Atlantic-Pacific crossovers on both directions

This includes only systems which stayed a tropical cyclone during the passage or that maintained a circulation during the crossover.

Season Storm (Atlantic) Storm (Pacific) Ref.
1876 Unnamed Unnamed [67]
1911 Unnamed Unnumbered tropical depression [67]
1945 Unnamed Unnumbered tropical depression [67]
1971 Irene Olivia [70]
1974 Fifi Orlene [67]
1977 Anita Eleven-E [71]
1978 Greta Olivia [72]
1988 Debby Seventeen-E [73][74]
1988 Joan Miriam [75]
1990 Diana Unnumbered tropical depression [76]
1993 Gert Fourteen-E [77]
1996 Cesar Douglas [78]
1996 Dolly Unnumbered tropical depression [79]
2016 [80]

It used to be that when a Pacific named storm crossed North America and made it to the Atlantic (or vice versa), it would receive the next name on the respective basin's list. However, in 2000 this policy was changed so that a tropical cyclone will keep its name if it remains a tropical cyclone during the entire passage. Only if it dissipates and then re-forms does it get renamed.[81]

From Eastern Pacific to Atlantic
See also: List of Atlantic–Pacific crossover hurricanes

This includes only systems which stayed a tropical cyclone during the passage or that maintained a circulation during the crossover.

Season Storm (Pacific) Storm (Atlantic) Ref.
1842 Unnamed Unnamed [82]
1902 Unnumbered tropical depression Unnamed [83]
1923 Unnamed Unnamed [84]
1949 Unnumbered tropical storm Unnamed [66]
2010 Eleven-E Hermine [85]

In addition to those, there are apparently two additional ones. One existed before 1856 and made it to the Gulf of Mexico.[86] Another Pacific tropical cyclone crossed over central Mexico and also made it to the Gulf sometime after September 9, 1924.[86]

From Eastern Pacific to Western Pacific
Tracks of tropical cyclones that crossed from the eastern Pacific to the western Pacific

Neither eastern Pacific tropical cyclones passing 140°W, nor central Pacific tropical cyclones crossing the dateline, are notable events. However, very few eastern Pacific proper cyclones that enter the central Pacific make it to the dateline.

Name Season Ref.
Georgette† 1986 [87]
Enrique 1991 [88]
Li†‡ 1994 [89]
John 1994 [90]
Dora 1999 [91]
Genevieve† 2014 [92]
Hector 2018 [93]

† System ceased to be a tropical cyclone and regenerated at least once during its life span.

‡ System formed in the eastern Pacific, but was not named until it crossed into the central Pacific.

In addition, Hurricane Jimena of 2003 is recognized per NHC, CPHC and JTWC as a storm that existed in all three areas of responsibility, but isn't recognized by the JMA as an official western Pacific tropical cyclone.[94][95][96]

From Western Pacific to Central Pacific
Tracks of tropical cyclones that crossed from the western Pacific to the central Pacific

Tropical cyclones crossing from the western Pacific to the central Pacific are fairly rare, and this has happened only nine times. Of those nine times, five of them were storms which crossed the dateline twice; from the western to the central pacific and back (or vice versa). No tropical cyclone from the western Pacific has ever traveled east of 140°W.

Name Season Ref.
Patsy† 1959 [97]
Virginia 1968 [98]
Carmen† 1980 [59][99]
Moke 1984 [95]
Skip† 1985 [100]
John†* 1994 [101]
Seventeen-W† 1996 [102]
Wene 2000 [103]
Omeka 2010 [104]

† System crossed the dateline twice.

* Hurricane/Typhoon John formed in the eastern Pacific.

In addition, Typhoon June of 1958 is recognized per CPHC as a basin-crossing storm, but isn't recognized as such by the JMA.[105]

From Central Pacific to Eastern Pacific
Tracks of tropical cyclones that crossed from the central Pacific to the eastern Pacific

Tropical cyclones crossing from the eastern Pacific to the central Pacific are routine; ones going the other way are not. That event has happened thrice.

Name Season Ref.
Ema 1982 [52]
Olaf 2015 [106]
Ulika 2016 [107]

System crossed 140°W more than once.

It was previously believed that an Unnamed Hurricane of 1975 crossed 140°W and is still included in the NHC as such, but according to a reanalysis made by the CPHC the storm became extratropical before doing so.[52][95] In addition, an unofficial cyclone formed on October 30, 2006 in the central Pacific subtropics. It eventually developed an eye-like structure.[108] Its track data indicates that it crossed from the central to the east Pacific because it formed at longitude 149°W and dissipated at 135°W.[109] NASA, which is not a meteorological organization, called this system a subtropical cyclone, and the Naval Research Laboratory Monterey had enough interest in it to call it 91C.[108] The system has also been called extratropical.[110] This cyclone is unofficial because it is not included in the seasonal reports of either Regional Specialized Meteorological Center.[111][112]

Intensity records

Ten most intense
Linda, the second most intense Pacific hurricane on record

Per lowest central pressure

The apparent increase in recent seasons is spurious; it is due to better estimation and measurement, not an increase in intense storms. That is, until 1988, Pacific hurricanes generally did not have their central pressures measured or estimated from satellite imagery.

Rank Hurricane Year Pressure
1 Patricia 2015872 mbar
2 Linda 1997902 mbar*
3 Rick 2009906 mbar*
4 Kenna 2002913 mbar
5 Ava 1973915 mbar
Ioke 2006915 mbar*
7 Marie 2014918 mbar*
Odile 918 mbar
9 Guillermo 1997919 mbar*
10 Gilma 1994920 mbar*
Walaka 2018920 mbar*

* Estimated from satellite imagery

Measured and adjusted

Measured

~ Pressure while East of the International Dateline

Per highest sustained winds
Rank Hurricane Year Winds
1 Patricia 2015215 mph; 345 km/h
2 Linda 1997185 mph; 295 km/h
3 Rick 2009180 mph; 285 km/h
4 Patsy 1959175 mph; 280 km/h
John 1994175 mph; 280 km/h
6 Kenna 2002165 mph; 270 km/h

Strongest landfalls
Hurricane Kenna of 2002 is the fourth strongest landfalling Pacific hurricane on record
Rank Hurricane SeasonLandfall windsRef.
Landfalling Pacific major hurricanes
Intensity is measured solely by wind speed
1 Patricia 2015150 mph (240 km/h)[113]
2 Madeline 1976145 mph (230 km/h) [114]
Iniki 1992145 mph (230 km/h)[61]
4 Unnamed 1957140 mph (220 km/h)[115]
“Mexico” 1959140 mph (220 km/h)[115]
Kenna 2002140 mph (220 km/h)[116]
7 Olivia 1967125 mph (205 km/h)[115]
Tico 1983125 mph (205 km/h)[117]
Lane 2006125 mph (205 km/h)[118]
Odile 2014125 mph (205 km/h)[119]
11 Willa 2018120 mph (195 km/h)[120]
12 Olivia 1975115 mph (185 km/h)[121]
Liza 1976115 mph (185 km/h)[114]
Kiko 1989115 mph (185 km/h)[122]

Strongest storm in each month

Intensity is measured solely by central pressure unless the pressure is not known, in which case intensity is measured by maximum sustained winds.

Month NameYearMinimum pressureMaximum windsClassification
January Pali2016977 mb (hPa)100 mph (155 km/h)Category 2
February Ekeka1992unknown mb (hPa)115 mph (185 km/h)Category 3
March Hali19921005 mb (hPa)50 mph (85 km/h)Tropical storm
April Carmen1980unknown mb (hPa)[59]50 mph (85 km/h)Tropical storm
May Amanda2014932 mb (hPa)155 mph (250 km/h)Category 4
June Ava1973915 mb (hPa)160 mph (260 km/h)Category 5
July Gilma1994920 mb (hPa)160 mph (260 km/h)Category 5
August Ioke2006915 mb (hPa)160 mph (260 km/h)Category 5
September Linda1997902 mb (hPa)185 mph (295 km/h)Category 5
October Patricia2015872 mb (hPa)215 mph (345 km/h)Category 5
November Sandra2015934 mb (hPa)150 mph (240 km/h)Category 4
December Omeka2010997 mb (hPa)60 mph (95 km/h)Tropical storm

This tropical cyclone is the strongest to form in its month by virtue of its being the only known system.

Unusual landfall locations

California
See also: List of California hurricanes

Hawaii
See also: List of Hawaii hurricanes
Hurricane Iniki over Hawaii

Wettest tropical cyclones
See also: List of wettest tropical cyclones by country

All of these values are point maxima.

Mexico
See also: Mexico tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
Rainfall data from 2001's Hurricane Juliette
Wettest Pacific tropical cyclones and their remnants in Mexico
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 101139.80Juliette 2001Cuadano/Santiago[135]
2 686.027.01Pauline 1997San Luis Acatlan[136]
3 628.124.73Odile 1984Costa Azul/Acapulco[137]
4 610.124.02Isis 1998Caduano/Santiago[138]
5 570.022.44Flossie 2001Suchixtlahuaca[139]
6 566.922.32Greg 1999Tecoman[140]
7 531.920.94Nora 1997La Cruz/Elota[141]
8 525.320.68Eugene 1987Aquila[142]
9 523.020.59Lidia 1981El Varonjal/Badiraguato[143]
10 500.119.69Ignacio 2003Yeneca/Los Cabos[144]

Hawaii
See also: United States tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
Hurricane Lane
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants in Hawaii
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 147358.00Lane 2018Kahūnā Falls, Hawaii[145]
2 132152.00Hiki 1950Kanalohuluhulu Ranger Station[146]
3 98538.76Paul 2000Kapapala Ranch 36[147]
4 63525.00Maggie 1970Various stations[148]
5 51920.42Nina 1957Wainiha[149]
6 51620.33Iwa 1982Intake Wainiha 1086[150]
7 47618.75Fabio 1988Papaikou Mauka 140.1[150]
8 38715.25Iselle 2014Kulani NWR[151]
9 38115.00One-C 1994Waiakea Uka, Piihonua[101]
10 37214.63Felicia 2009Oahu Forecast National Wildlife Refuge[152]

Continental United States
See also: United States tropical cyclone rainfall climatology
Hurricane Tico
Wettest Pacific tropical cyclones and their remnants on the continental United States
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 533.7 mm 21.01 inNorma 1981Breckenridge, Texas[153]
2 430.5 mm 16.95 inTico 1983Chickasha, Oklahoma[154]
3 374.9 mm 14.76 inKathleen 1976Mount San Gorgonio, California[155]
4 350.5 mm 13.80 inRoslyn 1986Matagorda Texas #2[156]
5 305.1 mm 12.01 inNora 1997Harquahala Mountains[141]
6 304.8 mm 12.00 inOctave 1983Mount Graham[157]
7 302.8 mm 11.92 inNorma 1970Workman Creek[158]
8 294.6 mm 11.60 inUnnamed 1939Mount Wilson[159]
9 288.3 mm 11.35 inPaine 1986Fort Scott, Kansas[160]
10 216.7 mm 8.53 inIsmael 1995Hobbs, New Mexico[161]

Overall
Hurricane Juliette
Wettest tropical cyclones and their remnants within the Eastern Pacific tropical cyclone basin
Highest-known totals
Precipitation Storm Location Ref.
Rank mm in
1 132152.02Lane 2018Mountainview, Hawaii[162]
2 132152.00Hiki 1950Kanalohuluhulu Ranger Station, Hawaii[55]
3 101139.80Juliette 2001Cuadano/Santiago, Mexico[135]
4 984.538.76Paul 2000Kapapala Ranch, Hawaii[163]
5 686.027.01Pauline 1997San Luis Acatlan, Mexico[136]
6 635.025.00Maggie 1970Hawaii[164]
7 628.124.73Odile 1984Costa Azul/Acapulco, Mexico[137]
8 610.124.02Isis 1998Caduano/Santiago, Mexico[138]
9 570.022.44Flossie 2001Suchixtlahuaca, Mexico[139]
10 566.922.32Greg 1999Tecoman, Mexico[140]

Worldwide cyclone records set by Pacific storms

See also

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