Kleinmachnow

Kleinmachnow is a municipality of about 20,000 inhabitants in the Potsdam-Mittelmark district, in Brandenburg, Germany. It is situated southwest from the borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf and east from Potsdam.

Kleinmachnow
Coat of arms
Location of Kleinmachnow within Potsdam-Mittelmark district
Kleinmachnow
Kleinmachnow
Coordinates: 52°24′13″N 13°13′13″E
CountryGermany
StateBrandenburg
DistrictPotsdam-Mittelmark
Subdivisions2 Ortsteile
Government
 • MayorMichael Grubert (SPD)
Area
 • Total11.94 km2 (4.61 sq mi)
Elevation
42 m (138 ft)
Population
 (2018-12-31)[1]
 • Total20,564
 • Density1,700/km2 (4,500/sq mi)
Time zoneCET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes
14532
Dialling codes033203
Vehicle registrationPM
Websitewww.kleinmachnow.de

First mentioned in the Landbuch of Karl IV in 1375, the place played an important role at the Bäke crossing, secured by multiple medieval castles. The last of these castles (none of which are preserved today) belonged to the Knights of Hake, a family which shaped the local history until the 20th century. The replacement of the Bäke with the Teltow Canal in 1906 brought the village the now listed historic Kleinmachnow Floodgate.

In the first half of the 20th century, Kleinmachnow grew from a rural village to a suburb municipality of the Berlin Metropolitan Area. The construction of the Berlin Wall cut Kleinmachnow off from West Berlin. The community's location near the border meant it was relatively isolated in the GDR. Since the German reunification, Kleinmachnow has been part of the growth of the countryside areas outside of Berlin.

Geography

It is situated 19 km (12 mi) southwest of the centre of Berlin, immediately neighbouring the borough of Steglitz-Zehlendorf, and 12 km (7.5 mi) east of Potsdam. The municipality encompasses the settlement of Dreilinden.

History
Canal lock

Kleinmachnow arose at the former Bäke creek, today replaced by the Teltow Canal built in 1906. Parvo Machenow was first mentioned in the 1375 land registry (Landbuch) of Emperor Charles IV, then also Brandenburg Elector. In medieval times the ford was controlled by a castle, recently held by the Hake noble family. Together with the canal the Kleinmachnow lock was erected, soon becoming a landmark.

From the early 20th century the former village developed to an affluent suburb of Berlin. In 1937 Wilhelm Ohnesorge, minister of the Reichspost, acquired the Hakeburg mansion as his residence and established a large research facility of communications-electronics here. In World War II Kleinmachnow was the site of a labour camp with about 5,000 inmates, including a subcamp of Sachsenhausen.

Crash site of LM316 in Kleinmachnow south of Berlin.

On the night of 2–3 December 1943, a Lancaster plane of the Royal Australian Air Force (flight LM 316) was shot down over Kleinmachnow, one of those killed being the well-known Norwegian writer and poet Nordahl Grieg, at the time serving as a war correspondent. (A memorial stone was unveiled at the site (52°23′51″N 13°12′58″E) in November 2003.)

In 1946 the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) seized the Hakeburg, which hosted the party's academy in the following years. From 1961 to 1989 the municipality was girded by the Berlin Wall on three sides and the motorway near Dreilinden (today Bundesautobahn 115) was the site of a major border crossing, counterpart of the Allied checkpoint Bravo in West Berlin. Since German reunification Kleinmachnow has seen a major increase of population, while the restitution of numerous plots in favour of those owners who had fled from the GDR led to fierce conflicts.

Demography
  • Development of population since 1875 within the current Boundaries (Blue Line: Population; Dotted Line: Comparison to Population development in Brandenburg state; Grey Background: Time of Nazi Germany; Red Background: Time of communist East Germany)
  • Recent Population Development and Projections (Population Development before Census 2011 (blue line); Recent Population Development according to the Census in Germany in 2011 (blue bordered line); Official projections for 2005-2030 (yellow line); for 2014-2030 (red line); for 2017-2030 (scarlet line)
Kleinmachnow: Population development
within the current boundaries (2017)[2]
YearPop.±% p.a.
1875 176—    
1890 181+0.19%
1910 401+4.06%
1925 840+5.05%
1933 3,589+19.90%
1939 12,565+23.22%
1946 11,792−0.90%
1950 13,743+3.90%
1964 13,817+0.04%
1971 14,304+0.50%
1981 13,159−0.83%
1985 12,435−1.40%
1989 11,830−1.24%
1990 11,613−1.83%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1991 11,374−2.06%
1992 11,233−1.24%
1993 11,162−0.63%
1994 11,083−0.71%
1995 11,283+1.80%
1996 11,577+2.61%
1997 12,715+9.83%
1998 13,795+8.49%
1999 14,826+7.47%
2000 15,796+6.54%
2001 16,507+4.50%
2002 17,100+3.59%
2003 17,497+2.32%
2004 17,988+2.81%
YearPop.±% p.a.
2005 18,367+2.11%
2006 18,778+2.24%
2007 19,193+2.21%
2008 19,395+1.05%
2009 19,589+1.00%
2010 19,890+1.54%
2011 20,086+0.99%
2012 20,194+0.54%
2013 20,405+1.04%
2014 20,562+0.77%
2015 20,655+0.45%
2016 20,644−0.05%
2017 20,608−0.17%
2018 20,564−0.21%

Politics

Seats in the municipal assembly (Gemeindevertretung) as of 2008 elections:

Twin towns

Notable people
  • Lily Braun, feminist, born July 2, 1865 in Halberstadt, died August 8, 1916 in Berlin, lived in Kleinmachnow from 1909
  • Friedrich Kayßler, actor, born April 7, 1874 in Neurode (Nowa Ruda), died April 24, 1945 in Kleinmachnow
  • Arnold Schönberg, composer, born September 13, 1874 in Vienna, died July 13, 1951 in Los Angeles, lived in Kleinmachnow from 1911 to 1913
  • Kurt Weill, composer, born March 2, 1900 in Dessau; died April 3, 1950 in New York City, lived in Kleinmachnow from 1932 to 1933
  • Hanns Maaßen, writer, born December 26, 1908 in Lübeck, died June 23, 1983 in Mahlow, lived in Kleinmachnow from 1971
  • Margarete Sommer, humanitarian, born July 21, 1893, died June 30, 1965, lived in Kleinmachnow from 1934 to 1950
  • Fred Wander, writer, born January 5, 1917 in Vienna, died July 10, 2006 in Vienna, lived in Kleinmachnow from 1958 to 1983
  • Karl Gass, documentary filmmaker, born February 2, 1917 in Mannheim, died January 29, 2009 in Kleinmachnow, lived in Kleinmachnow from 1961 to 2009
  • Christa Wolf, writer, born March 18, 1929 in Landsberg an der Warthe (Gorzów Wielkopolski), died December 1, 2011 in Berlin, lived in Kleinmachnow from 1962 to 1976
  • Bushido, German rapper, living in his mansion.

References
  1. "Bevölkerung im Land Brandenburg nach amtsfreien Gemeinden, Ämtern und Gemeinden 31. Dezember 2018". Amt für Statistik Berlin-Brandenburg (in German). July 2019.
  2. Detailed data sources are to be found in the Wikimedia Commons.Population Projection Brandenburg at Wikimedia Commons

Media related to Kleinmachnow at Wikimedia Commons

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.