Influenza A virus subtype H11N2

The Influenza A virus subtype H11N2 is a subtype of Influenza A virus. It is a distinct from other flu viruses seen around the globe, although two of its gene segments share common ancestry with South American avian influenza viruses, while the six remaining genes share ancestry with either North American avian or equine viruses (Influenza A virus subtype H3N2).[1] A spatial separation from other lineages has been suggested, due to their genetic segments being distinct from all known contemporary influenza viruses, including South American avian influenza viruses.[1]

Presence in non-human species

The H11N2 subtype avian influenza virus can infect wild birds, turkey, and gull.[2] This virus was found in Adélie penguins inhabiting the Antarctic Peninsula.[1][3] H11N2 was isolated from live poultry markets in Nanjing, China.[2] In late February 2014, an unusually high number of thick-billed murres were found dead at the coast of South Greenland. To investigate the cause of death, 45 birds were submitted for laboratory examinations in Denmark. H11N2 was detected in some of the birds.[4] In 2009, H11N2 was found in sentinel mallards.[5]

Presence in humans

Serum surveillance demonstrated that poultry growers in Lebanon may have been infected with H11 avian influenza virus.[2]

References
  1. Hurt, Aeron C.; Butler, Jeffrey; Baas, Chantal; Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian; Silva-de-la-Fuente, M. Carolina; Medina-Vogel, Gonzalo; Olsen, Bjorn; Kelso, Anne; Barr, Ian G.; González-Acuña, Daniel; Vijaykrishna, Dhanasekaran. "Detection of Evolutionarily Distinct Avian Influenza A Viruses in Antarctica". doi:10.1128/mBio.01098-14. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. Zhang, Yuee; Teng, Qiaoyang; Ren, Chaochao; Li, Guoxin; Li, Xuesong; Li, Zejun. "Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Reassortant H11N2 Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from a Live Poultry Market in Eastern China". doi:10.1128/JVI.02236-12. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. Varsani, A; Porzig, EL; Jennings, S; Kraberger, S; Farkas, K; Julian, L; Massaro, M; Ballard, G; Ainley, DG. "Identification of an avian polyomavirus associated with Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae)". doi:10.1099/vir.0.000038. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  4. Hartby, Christina Marie; Schak Krog, Jesper; Ravn Merkel, Flemming; Holm, Elisabeth; Larsen, Lars Erik; Hjulsager, Charlotte Kristiane. "First characterization of avian influenza viruses from Greenland 2014". doi:10.1637/11119-050515-RegR. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. Wille, Michelle; Latorre-Margalef, Neus; Tolf, Conny; Halpin, Rebecca; Wentworth, David; Fouchier, Ron A M; Raghwani, Jayna; Pybus, Oliver G; Olsen, Björn; Waldenström, Jonas. "Where do all the subtypes go? Temporal dynamics of H8–H12 influenza A viruses in waterfowl". doi:10.1093/ve/vey025. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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