Highways in Croatia

Highways in Croatia are the main transport network in Croatia. The Croatian classification includes several classes of highways:[1]

  • The main motorways are named A (autocesta) accompanied by one or two digits. By and large they are toll highways with a ticket system.
  • Expressways (brza cesta) are limited-access roads with grade-separated intersections and by and large an increased speed limit without tolling. They are similar to motorways, but aren't always dual carriageway, they have no emergency lanes, and their speed limit is always lower. They either have standalone designations or are parts of major state routes (D), see below.
  • Roads dedicated for motor vehicles (cesta namijenjena isključivo za promet motornih vozila), which is a category for highways which are limited-access roads, usually similar to multiple-lane motorways/expressways, but which may have slow intersections. It has no specific naming convention, only a dedicated traffic sign, and it mainly includes major state routes (D) or portions thereof, see below. An example is the Jadranska Avenue in Zagreb, designated as Ž1040 county road.[2]
Map of the Croatian motorway network
A6 interchange in Orehovica near Rijeka
Dynamics of the development of the Croatian motorway network: the length of the motorway network in Croatia 1993-2009

Other than these, the national road classification includes the following categories which may also be referred to as highways in a general sense, with decreasing order of priority (and applicability of the term highway):[2]

  • State roads, which are marked by letter D (državna cesta) and a single, double or triple digit number.
  • County roads always are marked by letter Ž (županijska cesta) and a four digit number.
  • The lowest classification comprises local roads, marked by letter L (lokalna cesta) and a five digit number.

Road operators differ according to the classification system: The designated motorways are operated by four different concessionaires. The state roads are maintained almost exclusively by Hrvatske ceste, while the county and local roads are managed by various county authorities. The road maintenance agencies are governed by various laws issued by the Parliament as well as bylaws issued by the Ministry of Transport.[1][3]

Motorways
The road sign informing the motorists they are travelling on an autocesta

The primary high-speed motorways are called autoceste (Croatian pronunciation: [ˈaʊtotsesta]; singular: autocesta), and they are defined as roads with at least three lanes in each direction (including hard shoulder) and a speed limit of not less than 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph). They are marked with a special road sign, similar to the road sign depicting a motorway/autoroute/autobahn in other parts of Europe.[4]. The Croatian motorway (autocesta) network is 1,313.8 kilometres (816.4 mi) long.[5] in 2015-2018 and 1,306.5 km in 2019/2020.[6].

Motorways in Croatia are defined by the Ministry of Sea, Transport and Infrastructure.[3][7][8] The same applies to names of the motorway interchanges and rest areas.[9]

History

A major reason for the motorway construction "mania" of the 2000s (decade) is a previous political halt of the major Croatian highway project, today's A1, in the 1970s and 1980s under former Yugoslavia. When Croatia declared independence in 1991, the only true motorways in the country were Zagreb–Karlovac (the northernmost part of today's A1) and Zagreb-Slavonski Brod (the central part of today's A3), the latter being part of the highway "Bratstvo i jedinstvo". The dream to connect the two largest Croatian cities Zagreb and Split with a motorway (autocesta) went back to the times of the Croatian Spring. However, the construction of this project had not happened during Yugoslav period.

A7 motorway, Croatian motorway network was largely built in the 2000s

In 2005, the Zagreb-Split route was constructed. In addition, the A1 was extended towards Dubrovnik (currently at Ploče), and the A3 was extended so it connects Zagreb to Croatian borders with both Serbia (near Lipovac) and Slovenia (near Bregana). There is also a motorway from Zagreb to Rijeka, the A6, as well as the A4 motorway from Zagreb to the northeast (Hungarian border) as well as the A2 motorway from Zagreb to the northwest (Slovenian border). The A9 between Pula and the Slovenian border is also largely completed.

The construction of additional motorways has noticeably slowed in the 2010s, but it continues. As of 2014, the A8–Kanfanar-Rijeka, the remaining part of the Istrian Y–is being upgraded from semi-highway status. The other motorways are in various early stages of development, coming up to a total of 11 motorway routes. The A1 is considered unfinished as it is planned to be extended from Ploče to Dubrovnik, but the status is unclear because of the Neum enclave of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Operators

The network is managed by 4 operators.[10].

Motorways and sections

List of motorways

Motorway Route[11] Length (in service)
(2019)[11]		 Description Notes[11]
A1 Zagreb - Bosiljevo - Split - Dubrovnik 481 km (299 mi) The A1 starts in Lučko interchange, a part of Zagreb bypass where the A3 motorway junction is found. The motorway proceeds south from Zagreb to Karlovac and further on to Bosiljevo 2 interchange where the A6 motorway branches off towards Rijeka. The route continues south to Gospić, Zadar, Šibenik, Split. The southernmost sector of the motorway proceeds from Split to Ploče and Metković.[maps 1] Section between Ploče and Dubrovnik is planned
A2 Zagreb - Macelj 60 km (37 mi) The A2 starts on the border of Slovenia near Macelj. The motorway passes west of Krapina and proceeds south towards Zagreb. The southernmost section of the motorway forms a part of Zagreb bypass and it terminates in Jankomir interchange with the A3 motorway.[maps 2]
A3 Bregana - Zagreb - Lipovac 306 km (190 mi) The A3 starts on the border of Slovenia near Bregana. The motorway passes north of Samobor and proceeds west towards Zagreb, passing to the south of the city and forming a part of Zagreb bypass, where the route contains junctions with the A2, A1 and A4 motorways. It continues east to Kutina, Slavonski Brod, Sredanci interchange with the A5 motorway and further east to Županja and terminating on the border of Serbia near Lipovac[maps 3]
A4 Zagreb - Goričan 97 km (60 mi) The A4 starts on the border of Hungary near Goričan. The motorway passes near Čakovec and Varaždin south towards Zagreb and the southernmost part of the route is a part of Zagreb bypass, where the motorway terminates in Ivanja Reka interchange, where the traffic defaults to the westbound A3 motorway.[maps 4]
A5 Beli Manastir - Osijek - Svilaj 59 km (37 mi) The A5 starts near Osijek and proceeds south bypassing Đakovo to Zoljani interchange near the A3 motorway.[maps 5] Section north of Osijek is under construction
A6 Bosiljevo - Orehovica 81 km (50 mi) The A6 starts in Bosiljevo 2 interchange, branching off from the A1 motorway and proceeds west bypassing Delnice to Rijeka and Orehovica interchange with the A7 motorway.[maps 6]
A7 Rupa - Rijeka - Križišće 28 km (17 mi) The A7 starts at the border of Slovenia and heads south to Rijeka, passes the city as Rijeka bypass. The Rijeka bypass section comprises an interchange with the A6 motorway and proceeds east terminating near Šmrika where the traffic defaults to the D8 state road.[maps 7] Section north and east of Rijeka is planned.
A8 Istarski Y (Kanfanar - Matulji) 64 km (40 mi) The A8 spans between Kanfanar and Matulji, i.e. the A9 and A7 motorways. As of November 2011, the Kanfanar–Rogovići section is brought to the motorway standards, and the rest is a limited access two-lane route.[maps 8]
A9 Istarski Y (Kaštel - Pula) 77 km (48 mi) The A9 starts near Umag and the Slovenian border, meets the A8 motorway at Kanfanar interchange, and proceeds south to Pula, forming the western arm of Istrian Y.[maps 9]
A10 Bosnia border - Ploče interchange 8.5 km (5.3 mi) The A10 starts at Bosnian border, where it connects to A1 motorway in Bosnia and runs to the Ploče interchange, where it connects to A1 motorway .[maps 10]
A11 Zagreb - Sisak 33 km (21 mi) The A11 starts at Jakuševec interchange and runs south to Lekenik interchange. It was connected to A3 in November 2015. It is finished to Lekenik.[maps 11] Remaining section between Lekenik and Sisak is planned

Motorway sections under construction
Motorway County Length Section Description Scheduled completion
A5 Osijek-Baranja 17.5 km (10.9 mi) Beli Manastir - Drava Bridge Construction has begun on the road overpasses.[12] Late 2020[12]
7.1 km (4.4 mi) Drava Bridge–Osijek Subsection completed in August 2018.[12] To be opened with neighboring subsection. Late 2020[12]
Brod-Posavina 0.6 km (0.37 mi) Sava Bridge This is a border bridge near Svilaj between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Construction started in September 2016.[13] December 2019[12]
A8 Istria 10.7 km (6.6 mi) Rogovići – Cerovlje Works on upgrade of the existing two lane expressway to four lane motorway started in November 2018[14] December 2020[14]
17.2 km (10.7 mi) Cerovlje – Vranja December 2021[14]

Planned motorway sections
Motorway County Length Section Notes
A1 Dubrovnik-Neretva 39.7 km (24.7 mi) Metković–Doli As of 2015, no funds are allocated for this section.[15]
29.6 km (18.4 mi) Doli–Osojnik (Dubrovnik) Funding was planned for development of detailed designs for this section.[16] As of 2015, no funds are allocated for this section.[15]
A5 Osijek-Baranja 5.25 km (3.26 mi) Branjin Vrh border crossing–Beli Manastir The section is included in the applicable legislation, but as of 2015, no funds are allocated for this section.[15]
A7 Primorje-Gorski Kotar and Lika-Senj 56 km (35 mi) Križišće–Žuta Lokva As of 2015, studies are being funded for the sections Križišće–Novi Vinodolski–Senj–Žuta Lokva.[15]
A8 Istria and Primorje-Gorski Kotar 18 km (11 mi) Vranja–Matulji An upgrade of the existing two lane expressway is planned along the A8 route on the sections Vranja – Učka Tunnel - Kvarner portal and the Učka Tunnel–Matulji.[17]
A11 Sisak-Moslavina 11 km (6.8 mi) Lekenik–Sisak As of 2015, the section is still in a pre-construction phase.[15]
6.2 km (3.9 mi) Sisak–Mošćenica As of 2015, this section continues to be mentioned in the overall plan but no investments are being made in it.[15]

Traffic cost revenue and accidents

In 2018, the network had a traffic of 82.605.511 vehicles, including 72.996.584 light vehicles and 9.608.927 heavy vehicles ([18] difference by axle height).

The travel cost is near 7 euros per 100 km for light vehicles and 30 euros per 100 km for heavy ones.[18]

Those costs generate a revenue of 383.036.824 euros i 2017 and 406.154.835 in 2018.[18]

Two third of motorway fatalities (67%) occurred in the third of the year between July and October[19][20].


Expressways
Roads designated for motor vehicles are marked with this kind of a sign in Croatia

There is a wide variety of types of expressways in Croatia, in terms of number of lanes, accessibility and types of intersections comprised. They range from four lane expressways with grade-separated intersections and limited access - distinguished from the motorways by lack of emergency lanes only - to four or six lane urban expressways with numerous at-grade intersections and traffic lights or two lane limited access roads with grade separated intersections. The expressways include both incomplete motorways, built in stages,[9] and some state roads (with either limited access, more than two traffic lanes, grade-separated intersections or any combination thereof). There are even some instances of county roads which may be regarded expressways such as Jadranska Avenue (Ž1040).

As a rule, the expressways are not tolled, however major tunnels on the expressways are tolled.

List of completed expressways
Number Control cities (or other appropriate route description)
D1 sections through Karlovac[21] (four lane expressway, with at-grade intersections)
D1 Dugopolje interchange (A1) - Split[22] (four/five lane expressway, with grade separated intersections)
D2 Osijek southern bypass[23] (four lane expressway, with grade separated intersections)
D8 sections through and near Split[24] (four lane expressway, with at-grade intersections)
D10 Sveta Helena interchange (A4) - Križevci[25] (four lane expressway, with grade separated intersections)
D12 Vrbovec 2 interchange (D10) - Farkaševac[26] (four lane expressway, with grade separated intersections)
D14 Zabok interchange (A2) – Zlatar Bistrica (D29) (two/four lane expressway, with grade separated intersections)
D33 Šibenik (Tromilja) interchange (A1) - Šibenik[27] (two lane expressway, with grade separated intersections)
D76 Zagvozd (Biokovo toll station) - Baška voda (two lanes inside and north of the Sveti Ilija Tunnel and four lanes with grade separated intersections on the southern side)
D220 Bisko interchange (A1) - Čaporice (two lane expressway, with grade separated intersections)
D404 Draga interchange (A7) - Rijeka (three/four lane expressway, with grade separated intersections)
D424 Zadar 2 interchange (A1) - Zadar[28] (four lane expressway, with grade separated intersections)
D425 Karamatići toll station (A1) - Ploče (four/two lane expressway, with grade separated intersections)
D522 Gornja Ploča interchange (A1) - Udbina[29] (two lane expressway, with grade separated intersections)

State roads

State roads are defined by legislation[2] as important routes for road traffic between various parts of the country. Classification of a road as a state road does not describe actual conditions of the road itself.

State roads in Croatia are assigned one, two or three digit numbers which generally comply with the following pattern[30] (although there are some exceptions to the rules):

  • 1-19 are assigned to trunk roads, normally of considerable length, spanning between borders of various neighboring countries. An obvious exception to this is the D9 state road however it spans from Bosnia and Herzegovina border and the Adriatic Sea, along the southernmost portion of Pan-European Corridor Vc.
  • 20-99 are assigned to arterial roads on the mainland.
  • 100s are assigned to island roads
  • 200s are assigned to border crossing access roads.
  • 300s are assigned to junction roads, connecting towns or cities (but not other state roads) to motorways or other major roads. Notable exceptions to this are D307 and D310 state roads, although the D307 originally did not connect to the D29, but only to the A2 motorway.
  • 400s are assigned to mainland port and airport access roads.
  • 500s are assigned to connecting roads, connecting two different state roads. Notable exceptions to this rule are the D503 which connects to a port and the D516 which connects to a border crossing checkpoint.

At the moment the state roads in Croatia have a combined length of 6,867.7 kilometres (4,267.4 mi).

D1 - D14
Number Control cities (or other appropriate route description)[2] Length
D1 Macelj border checkpoint (Slovenia) - Krapina - Zagreb - Karlovac - Gračac - Knin - Brnaze - Split (D8) 421.2 km
D2 Dubrava Križovljanska border checkpoint (Slovenia) - Varaždin - Koprivnica - Virovitica - Našice - Osijek - Vukovar - Ilok border checkpoint (Serbia) 347.9 km
D3 Goričan border checkpoint (Hungary) - Čakovec - Varaždin - Zagreb - Karlovac - Rijeka (D8) 218.4 km
D5 Terezino Polje border checkpoint (Hungary) - Virovitica - Veliki Zdenci - Daruvar - Okučani - Stara Gradiška border checkpoint (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 123.1 km
D6 Jurovski Brod border checkpoint (Slovenia) - Ribnik - Karlovac - Brezova Glava - Vojnić - Glina - Dvor - Bosnian border 134.5 km
D7 Duboševica border checkpoint (Hungary) - Beli Manastir - Osijek - Đakovo - Slavonski Šamac border checkpoint (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 115.2 km
D8 Pasjak border checkpoint (Slovenia)- Šapjane - Rijeka - Zadar - Split - Klek border checkpoint - (Bosnia and Herzegovina) - Zaton Doli border checkpoint - Dubrovnik - Karasovići border checkpoint (Montenegro) 643.8 km
D9 Metković border checkpoint (Bosnia and Herzegovina) - Opuzen - (D8) 10.9 km
D10 Sveta Helena interchange (A4) - Dubrava - Gradec - Križevci - Koprivnica - Gola border checkpoint 86,4 km
D12 Vrbovec 2 interchange (D10) - Bjelovar - Virovitica - Terezino Polje 86,5 km
D14 Mokrice interchange (A2) – Bedekovčina (Ž2918) 9.6 km

D20 - D77
Number Control cities (or other appropriate route description)[2] Length
D20 Čakovec (D3) – Prelog – Donja Dubrava – Đelekovec – Koprivnica (D2) 50.4 km
D22 D3 - Novi Marof – Križevci – Sveti Ivan Žabno 42.7 km
D23 Duga Resa (D3) – Josipdol – Žuta Lokva – Senj (D8) 103,9 km
D24 Zabok (D1) – Zlatar Bistrica – Donja Konjšćina – Budinšćina – Novi Marof – Varaždinske Toplice – Poljanec (D2) 72.4 km
D25 Korenica (D1) – Bunić – Lički Osik – Gospić – Karlobag (D8) 83.6 km
D26 Dubrava (D10) - Čazma - Garešnica - Dežanovac - Daruvar (D5) 88.5 km
D27 Gračac (D1) - Obrovac - Benkovac - Stankovci - D8 96,9 km
D28 Gradec (D10) - Bjelovar - Veliki Zdenci (D5) 70,7 km
D29 Novi Golubovec (D35) - Zlatar Bistrica - Marija Bistrica - Soblinec (D3) 49.8 km
D30 Buzin interchange (A3) - Velika Gorica - Petrinja - Hrvatska Kostajnica border checkpoint (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 83.1 km
D31 Velika Gorica (D30) - Gornji Viduševac - D6 56.1 km
D32 Prezid border checkpoint (Slovenia) - Delnice (D3) 49.7 km
D33 Strmica border checkpoint (Bosnia and Herzegovina) - Knin - Drniš - Vidici (D8) 73.3 km
D34 Slatina (D2) - Donji Miholjac - Josipovac (D2) 79.0 km
D35 Varaždin (D2) - Lepoglava - Sveti Križ Začretje (D1) 46.0 km
D36 Karlovac (D1) - Pokupsko - Sisak - Popovača (Ž3124) 110.5 km
D37 Sisak (D36) - Petrinja - Glina (D6) 34.4 km
D38 Pakrac (D5) - Požega - Pleternica - Đakovo (D7) 120.7 km
D39 Bosnian Border - Aržano - Cista Provo - Šestanovac roundabout - Dubci (D8) 37.3 km
D40 Sveti Kuzam interchange (A7) - D8 - Port of Bakar (West) 3.1 km
D41 Gola border checkpoint - Koprivnica - Križevci (D22) 82.9 km
D42 Vrbovsko (D3) - Ogulin - Josipdol - Plaški - Grabovac (D1) 57.9 km
D43 Đurđevac (D2) - Bjelovar - Čazma - Ivanić Grad interchange (A3) 78.1 km
D44 Nova Vas interchange (A9) - Ponte Porton - Buzet - Lupoglav interchange (A8) 50.5 km
D45 Veliki Zdenci - (D5) - Garešnica - Kutina interchange A3 43.6 km
D46 Đakovo D7 -Vinkovci - Tovarnik border checkpoint (Serbia) 73,0 km
D47 Lipik (D5) - Novska - Hrvatska Dubica - Hrvatska Kostajnica - Dvor (D6) 94.5 km
D48 Baderna interchange (A9) - Pazin - Rogovići interchange (A8) 20.8 km
D49 Pleternica - Lužani interchange (A3) 19.2 km
D50 Žuta Lokva (D23) - Otočac - Gospić - Gračac (D40) 104.2 km
D51 Gradište (D53) - Požega - Nova Gradiška interchange (A3) 50.3 km
D52 Špilnik (D50) - Korenica (D1) 41.1 km
D53 Donji Miholjac border checkpoint (Hungary) - Našice - Slavonski Brod border checkpoint (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 91.6 km
D54 Maslenica (D8) - Zaton Obrovački D27 13.5 km
D55 Borovo (D2) - Vinkovci - Županja border checkpoint (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 48.6 km
D56 Tromilja interchange (D424) – Benkovac – Skradin – Drniš (D33) – Muć – Klis–Grlo interchange (D1) 119.6 km
D57 Vukovar (D2) - Orolik - Nijemci - Lipovac interchange A3 36.1 km
D58 Šibenik (port) - Boraja - Trogir (D8) 43.0 km
D59 Knin (D8) - Kistanje - Bribirske Mostine - Putičanje - Kapela (D8) 53.9 km
D60 Brnaze (D1) - Trilj - Cista Provo - Imotski - Vinjani Donji border checkpoint (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 66.1 km
D62 Šestanovac (D39) - Zagvozd - Vrgorac - Kula Norinska - Metković (D9) 89.5 km
D64 Pazin (D48) - Potpićan - Vozilići (D66) 26.9 km
D66 Pula (D400) - Labin - Opatija - Matulji (D8) 90.1 km
D69 Slatina (D2) - Čeralije - Voćin - Novo Zvečevo - Kamenska (D38) 53.4 km
D70 Omiš (D8) - Naklice - Gata - Blato na Cetini interchange (A1) 21.6 km
D72 Slavonski Brod: D53 - Svačićeva - I. G. Kovačića - N. Zrinskog (D423) 2.7 km
D74 Đurmanec (D207) - Krapina - Bednja - Lepoglava (D35) 22.0 km
D75 D200 - Savudrija - Umag - Novigrad - Poreč - Vrsar - Vrh Lima - Bale - Pula (D400) 101.7 km
D76 Baško Polje (D8) – Zagvozd (D62) – Grubine (D60) – Imotski – Gornji Vinjani border checkpoint (Bosnia and Herzegovina) 28.3 km
D77 Rogovići interchange(A8) – Žminj – Svetvinčenat – Vodnjan (D75) 33.2 km

D100 - D128

Tolls

Tolls are charged on seven stretches of Croatian motorways, along with some other roads.[31]

There are two toll collection systems in Croatia: the open and the closed system. Open system is used on some bridges and tunnels and short stretches of tolled highway. In this system, there is only one toll plaza and drivers immediately pay the toll upon arriving.

Safety

Croatia had 73 road deaths per million inhabitants estimated in 2019[32].

See also

Maps
  1. Overview map of the A1 (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  2. Overview map of the A2 (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  3. Overview map of the A3 (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  4. Overview map of the A4 (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  5. Overview map of the A5 (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  6. Overview map of the A6 (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  7. Overview map of the A7 (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  8. Overview map of the A8 (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  9. Overview map of the A9 (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  10. Overview map of the A10 (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
  11. Overview map of the A11 (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved December 14, 2012.

References
  1. Croatian Parliament (2004-12-18). "Zakon o javnim cestama (Public Roads Act)". Narodne novine (in Croatian). Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  2. Ministry of Sea, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia) (October 14, 2016). "Odluka o razvrstavanju javnih cesta" [Decision on categorization of public roads]. Narodne novine (in Croatian) (96/2016).
  3. Ministry of Sea, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia) (2003-05-06). "Regulation on markings of motorways, their chainage, interchanges and rest areas". Narodne novine (in Croatian). Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  4. Croatian Parliament (2008-06-09). "Zakon o sigurnosti prometa na cestama" (in Croatian). Narodne novine 2008-67. čl. 2, t. 1, st. 3. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
  5. "Motorways network". huka.hr. Croatian Association of Motorway Concessionaires (HUKA). 2016. Retrieved 2016-06-28.
  6. http://www.huka.hr/en/news/328-huka-published-the-national-report-on-motorways-for-the-year-2018
  7. "Odluka o razvrstavanju javnih cesta u autoceste" [Decision on classification of public roads as motorways]. Narodne Novine (in Croatian). July 25, 2007. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
  8. "Odluka o izmjenama i dopunama odluke o razvrstavanju javnih cesta u autoceste" [Decision on amendments and additions to the Decision on classification of public roads as motorways]. Narodne Novine (in Croatian). January 30, 2009. Retrieved October 18, 2010.
  9. "Regulation on motorway markings, chainage, interchange/exit/rest area numbers and names". Narodne novine (in Croatian). April 24, 2003. Archived from the original on October 4, 2011. Retrieved August 19, 2010.
  10. http://www.huka.hr/en/news/328-huka-published-the-national-report-on-motorways-for-the-year-2018
  11. "KLJUČNE BROJKE" (pdf). HUKA. May 2019. ISSN 1848-0993. Retrieved 17 November 2019. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. "After completing the bridge across the Drava, the works were completely moved to the Baranja side". Glas Slavonije (in Croatian). July 21, 2018.
  13. "Cornerstone for the bridge Svilaj". Poslovni dnevnik (in Croatian). September 14, 2016.
  14. "Počinje izgradnja punog profila od Pazina do Tunela Učka (video)". istarski.hr (in Croatian). 15 November 2018.
  15. "Plan građenja i održavanja autocesta za 2015. godinu" (PDF) (in Croatian). Croatian Motorways. p. 9. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 March 2015. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  16. "Public roads construction and maintenance program 2009 - 2012" (PDF). HUKA (in Croatian). December 11, 2009. Retrieved September 6, 2010.
  17. "Plan gradnje punog profila autoceste" [Full profile motorway construction plan]. BINA Istra. 2015. Archived from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved June 28, 2016.
  18. http://www.huka.hr/en/news/328-huka-published-the-national-report-on-motorways-for-the-year-2018
  19. in 2015 or latest available year
  20. https://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/sites/roadsafety/files/pdf/statistics/dacota/bfs2017_motorways.pdf
  21. "The works must be finished by touristic season or suspended". Večernji list (in Croatian). April 9, 2010.
  22. "Solin-Klis expressway opened after 26 years of construction: It cost 55 million per kilometer". www.index.hr (in Croatian). December 14, 2014.
  23. "Southern bypass opens". portal Osijek031 (in Croatian). November 5, 2015.
  24. "Trogir - Omiš expressway construction resumed". Nova TV (in Croatian). November 6, 2006.
  25. "Minister Oleg Butković opened expressway Gradec - Križevci". hac.hr (in Croatian). Hrvatske autoceste. 2 September 2016. Retrieved 2 September 2016.
  26. "Expressway between Vrbovec and Farkaševac is open". HRT Vijesti. 16 April 2019. Retrieved 1 September 2019.
  27. "Šibenik - Drniš - Knin - Bosnia and Herzegovina border expressway". Građevinar (in Croatian). March 28, 2008.
  28. "Kalmeta officially opens Zadar 2 - Gaženica four lane expressway". eZadar (in Croatian). November 6, 2007. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011. Retrieved August 19, 2010.
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  32. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/qanda_20_1004
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