Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region

Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region (Japanese: 長崎と天草地方の潜伏キリシタン関連遺産) is a group of twelve sites in Nagasaki Prefecture and Kumamoto Prefecture relating to the history of Christianity in Japan. The Nagasaki churches are unique in the sense that each tells a story about the revival of Christianity after a long period of official suppression.[1]

Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region
UNESCO World Heritage Site
Ōura Cathedral
LocationNagasaki and Kumamoto, Japan
CriteriaCultural: iii
Reference1495
Inscription2018 (42nd session)
Area5,566.55 ha
Buffer zone12,252.52 ha
Coordinates32.734106°N 129.870236°E / 32.734106; 129.870236
Location of Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region in Japan

Proposed jointly in 2007 for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List under criteria ii, iii, iv, v, and vi, the submission named at the time Churches and Christian Sites in Nagasaki on the Tentative List, was recognized on January 30, 2018, as a World Heritage Site.

The initial nomination included 26 sites; however, after reconsideration the Nagasaki Prefecture reduced the monuments to 13 sites.[2] Twelve sites were recognized. Concerns over the Hidden Christian Sites in the Nagasaki Region have been widely discussed in the academic literature.[3]

Christianity in Japan
Main articles: History of Roman Catholicism in Japan, Kirishitan, and Kakure Kirishitan

Christianity arrived in Japan in 1549 with the Jesuit missionary Francis Xavier. Fanning out from Nagasaki, the new faith won many converts, including a number of daimyōs. Toyotomi Hideyoshi then Tokugawa Ieyasu persecuted those professing to be Christian. After the Shimabara Rebellion of 1637–1638, the official suppression of Christian practices was combined with a policy of national seclusion that lasted over two centuries. With the advent of Western powers and reopening of Japan in the 1850s and the reforms of the Meiji Restoration, missionary activity was renewed and a number of Hidden Christians resurfaced. Ōura Cathedral of 1864 is the first of the churches built in subsequent years.[4]

Monuments
Name Completion Date Location Construction type Comments Image
Ōura Cathedral and Related Facilities (大浦天主堂)[5]1864NagasakiBrickNational Treasure
Kuroshima Church (黒島天主堂)[6]1902SaseboBrickImportant Cultural Property
Former Gorin Church (旧五輪教会堂)[7]1881GotōWoodImportant Cultural Property
Kashiragashima Church (頭ヶ島天主堂)[8]1919ShinkamigotōStoneImportant Cultural Property
Tabira Church (田平天主堂)[9]1917/8HiradoBrickNo Entry
Shitsu Church (出津教会)1882NagasakiBrick
Ōno Church (大野教会堂)[10]1893NagasakiStoneImportant Cultural Property
Former Nokubi Church and related remains (旧野首教会)1908OjikaBrick
Egami Church (江上天主堂)[11]1917/8GotōWoodImportant Cultural Property
Hara Castle remains (原城跡)[12]MinamishimabaraHistoric Site
Hinoe Castle remains (日野江城跡)[13]MinamishimabaraNot Entry
Hirado Island’s sacred places and villages (平戸島の聖地と集落)Hirado, NagasakiImportant Cultural Landscape
Sakitsu Village in Amakusa (天草の﨑津集落)Amakusa, KumamotoImportant Cultural Landscape

Previous Nominated Monuments

The list consists of sites previously nominated, but currently not in the list.

Name Completion Date Location Construction type Comments Image
Former Catholic Seminary (旧羅典神学校)[14]1875NagasakiTimber-framed BrickImportant Cultural Property
Aosagaura Church (青砂ヶ浦天主堂)[15]1910ShinkamigotōBrickImportant Cultural Property
Mementos of Father Marc Marie de Rotz (ド・ロ神父遺跡)Nagasaki
Former Shitsu Aid Center (旧出津救助院)[16][17][18]NagasakiShelter, macaroni factory, and sardine processing area are all Important Cultural Properties
Dōzaki Church (堂崎教会)1907GotōBrick
Hōki Church (宝亀教会)1899HiradoWood/Brick
Christian tombstone (吉利支丹墓碑)[19]MinamishimabaraHistoric Site
Site of the Martyrdom of the 26 Saints of Japan (日本二十六聖人殉教地)1864Nagasaki
Site of Saint Dominic Church (サント・ドミンゴ教会跡)1609Nagasaki
Urakami Cathedral (浦上天主堂)1959NagasakiReinforced concrete
Former Residence of Archbishop (旧大司教館)1914Nagasaki
Kaminoshima Church (神ノ島教会)1897NagasakiBrick
Kurosaki Church (黒崎教会)1920NagasakiBrick
Himosashi Church (紐差教会)1929HiradoReinforced concrete
Ōso Church (大曾教会)1916ShinkamigotōBrick

See also

Notes
  1. "Churches and Christian Sites in Nagasaki". UNESCO. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.
  2. "Churches and Christian Sites in Nagasaki". UNESCO.; "Outline of Churches and Christian Sites". Nagasaki Prefecture. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  3. http://www.drustvo-antropologov.si/AN/PDF/2017_3/Anthropological_Notebooks_XIII_3_Delakorda.pdf
  4. Finn, Dallas (1995). Meiji Revisited: The Sites of Victorian Japan. Weatherhill. pp. 12f. ISBN 0-8348-0288-0.
  5. "大浦天主堂 (Ōura Cathedral) ID 3522". Database of National Cultural Properties, Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.
  6. "黒島天主堂 (Kuroshima Church) ID 3541". Database of National Cultural Properties. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.
  7. "旧五輪教会堂 (Former Gorin Church) ID 3543". Database of National Cultural Properties. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.
  8. "頭ヶ島天主堂 (Kashiragashima Church) ID 3415". Database of National Cultural Properties. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.
  9. "田平天主堂 (Tabira Church) ID 3844". Database of National Cultural Properties. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.
  10. "大野教会堂 (Ōno Church) ID 4285". Database of National Cultural Properties. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.
  11. "江上天主堂 (Egami Church) ID 4286". Database of National Cultural Properties. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.
  12. "原城跡 (Site of Hara Castle) ID 2754". Database of National Cultural Properties. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.
  13. "日野江城跡 (Site of Hinoe Castle) ID 2783". Database of National Cultural Properties. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.
  14. "旧羅典神学校 (Former Catholic Seminary) ID 3523". Database of National Cultural Properties. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.
  15. "青砂ヶ浦天主堂 (Aosagaura Church) ID 3417". Database of National Cultural Properties. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.
  16. "旧出津救助院 (Former Shitsu Aid Center) ID 3841". Database of National Cultural Properties. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.
  17. "旧出津救助院 (Former Shitsu Aid Center) ID 3842". Database of National Cultural Properties. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.
  18. "旧出津救助院 (Former Shitsu Aid Center) ID 3843". Database of National Cultural Properties. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.
  19. "吉利支丹墓碑 (Christian tombstone) ID 2763". Database of National Cultural Properties. Retrieved 21 Sep 2011.

References
  • Hall, John Whitney; McClain, James L. (1991). Early Modern Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521223553. OCLC 611611101.
  • Jansen, Marius (1989). The Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521223560. OCLC 611477603.
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