Hangul consonant and vowel tables

The following tables of consonants and vowels of the Korean alphabet (jamo) display the basic forms in blue in the first row, and their derivatives in the following rows. They are separated into tables of initials, vowels and finals.

Jamo are romanized according to the Revised Romanization's transliteration rules. Thus, the table should not be used for normal transcription of Korean language, as sound changes must be observed.

Leading consonants (choseong)

Basic jamo Hangul
Romanized g/kndr/lmbs-/ngjchktph
Composite jamo Hangul
Romanized kkttppssjj

Medial vowels (jungseong)

Basic +i
Basic Hangul
Romanized aeooueui aeeoewiui
y+ Hangul
Romanized yayeoyoyu yaeye
w+ Hangul
Romanized wawooewi waewe

Trailing consonants (jongseong)

Basic jamo Hangul
Romanized gndr/lmbsngjchktph
Composite jamo Hangul
Romanized kknjlgbsss
Hangul
Romanized gsnhlm
Hangul
Romanized lb
Hangul
Romanized ls
Hangul
Romanized lt
Hangul
Romanized lp
Hangul
Romanized lh

Collation

Several collation sequences are used to order words. The first sequence is official in South Korea (and is the basic binary order of codepoints in Unicode); sequences of the second type are common in North Korea, differing on the treatment of composite jamo consonants in syllable-leading (choseong) and -trailing (jongseong) position, and on the treatment of composite jamo vowels in syllable-medial (jungseong) position.

South Korean collation
Principle Sort every composite jamo grouped after their leading single jamo
Consonants

ㄱ (ㄲ) ㄷ (ㄸ) ㅂ (ㅃ) ㅅ (ㅆ) ㅈ (ㅉ)

Vowels

ㅏ ㅐ ㅑ ㅒ ㅓ ㅔ ㅕ ㅖ ㅗ ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅜ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅠ ㅡ ㅢ

North Korean collation
Principle Sort all single jamo (except leading ieung) before all composite jamo and leading ieung
Consonants

ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ‑ᆼ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ ᄋ‑

Vowels

ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ ㅡ ㅣ ㅐ ㅒ ㅔ ㅖ ㅚ ㅟ ㅢ ㅘ ㅙ ㅝ ㅞ

Consonant letters' names

Variants are given in brackets.

Consonants South Korean names North Korean names
HangulRomanized HangulRomanized HangulRomanized
g 기역giyeok 기윽gieuk
kk 쌍기역ssanggiyeok 된기윽doengieuk
n 니은nieun 니은nieun
d 디귿digeut 디읃dieut
tt 쌍디귿ssangdikeut 된디읃doendieut
r, l 리을rieul 리을rieul
m 미음mieum 미음mieum
b 비읍bieup 비읍bieup
pp 쌍비읍ssangbieup 된비읍doenbieup
s 시옷siot 시읏sieut
ss 쌍시옷ssangsiot 된시읏doensieut
-, -ng 이응ieung 이응ieung
j 지읒jieut 지읒jieut
jj 쌍지읒ssangjieut 된지읒doenjieut
ch 치읓chieut 치읓chieut
k 키읔kieuk 키읔kieuk
t 티읕tieut 티읕tieut
p 피읖pieup 피읖pieup
h 히읗hieut 히읗hieut

Consonant names in the 15th century seem to have ended in a vowel (without adding the last consonant repeating a shortened version of the initial), judging from 1451 Hunmin Jeongeum Eonhae's forms such as "ㄱ는", which may have been pronounced geuneun.

Hangul syllables

Below are 19 tables of 28×21 syllables. Altogether there are 11,172 (19×21×28) possible syllables, found in the Hangul Syllables Unicode block (U+AC00U+D7AF). These possible syllables are not all in use. Jump to tables with initial letter:

See also

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