Gojong of Goryeo

Gojong of Goryeo (3 February 1192 – 21 July 1259), sometimes spelled Ko-tjong, was the twenty-third ruler of Goryeo in present-day Korea from 1213–1259. Gojong's reign was marked by prolonged conflict with the Mongol Empire, which sought to conquer Goryeo, ending only to settle peace in 1259. During his reign actual power rested with the Choe family of military dictators.

Gojong of Goryeo
고려 고종
King of Goryeo
Reign1213 – 1259
PredecessorGangjong of Goryeo
SuccessorWonjong of Goryeo
Born3 February 1192
Kingdom of Goryeo
Died21 July 1259 (1259-07-22) (aged 67)
Kingdom of Goryeo
ConsortQueen Anhye
IssueWonjong of Goryeo
Yeongjong of Goryeo
HouseHouse of Wang
FatherGangjong of Goryeo
MotherQueen Wondeok
ReligionBuddhism
Gojong of Goryeo
Hangul
고종
Hanja
高宗
Revised RomanizationGojong
McCune–ReischauerKojong
Monarchs of Korea Goryeo
  1. Taejo 918–943
  2. Hyejong 943–945
  3. Jeongjong (定宗) 945–949
  4. Gwangjong 949–975
  5. Gyeongjong 975–981
  6. Seongjong 981–997
  7. Mokjong 997–1009
  8. Hyeonjong 1009–1031
  9. Deokjong 1031–1034
  10. Jeongjong (靖宗) 1034–1046
  11. Munjong 1046–1083
  12. Sunjong 1083
  13. Seonjong 1083–1094
  14. Heonjong 1094–1095
  15. Sukjong 1095–1105
  16. Yejong 1105–1122
  17. Injong 1122–1146
  18. Uijong 1146–1170
  19. Myeongjong 1170–1197
  20. Sinjong 1197–1204
  21. Huijong 1204–1211
  22. Gangjong 1211–1213
  23. Gojong 1213–1259
  24. Wonjong 1259–1269
  25. Yeongjong1269
  26. Wonjong 1269–1274
  27. Chungnyeol 1274–1308
  28. Chungseon 1308–1313
  29. Chungsuk 1313–1330
    1332–1339
  30. Chunghye 1330–1332
    1339–1344
  31. Chungmok 1344–1348
  32. Chungjeong 1348–1351
  33. Gongmin 1351–1374
  34. U 1374–1388
  35. Chang 1388–1389
  36. Gongyang 1389–1392

Biography

Although ascending to the throne in 1213, Gojong did not wield much power until powerful advisors were killed off. In 1216, the Khitan invaded but was defeated. In August 1232, Gojong moved the capital of Goryeo from Songdo to the island of Ganghwa and started the construction of significant defenses there, in order to better defend from the Mongol threat. Gojong resisted the Mongol invasion for nearly thirty years before the kingdom was forced to make peace with the Mongols in 1259; Gojong died soon after.

In 1251, the carving of the Tripitaka Koreana, a collection of Buddhist scriptures recorded on some 81,000 wooden blocks, was completed. The work was perhaps motivated by Gojong's hopes to change fortunes through the act of religious devotion; however the originals were later destroyed by the Mongols — the existing Tripitaka is a replica of Gojong's original, and was commissioned around one hundred years after the originals were lost.

Gojong was married to Queen Anhye, daughter of Huijong, the twenty-first king of Goryeo. His tomb is located near the city of Incheon.

Family
  • Father: King Gangjong of Goryeo (10 May 1152 – 26 August 1213) (고려 강종)
    • Grandfather: King Myeongjong of Goryeo (8 November 1131 – 3 December 1202) (고려 명종)
    • Grandmother: Queen Uijeong of the Kaesong Wang clan (의정왕후 왕씨)
  • Mother: Queen Wondeok of the Kaesong Wang clan (1167 – 1239) (원덕왕후 왕씨)
    • Grandfather: Wang Seong, Prince Sinyang (? – 1178) (왕성 신안후)
    • Grandmother: Princess Changrak (? – 27 January 1216) (창락궁주)

Consorts:

  1. Queen Anhye of the Kaesong Wang clan (? – 1 June 1232) (안혜왕후 왕씨)
    1. King Wonjong of Goryeo (5 April 1219 – 23 July 1274) (고려 원종)
    2. King Yeongjong of Goryeo (August 1223 – ?) (고려 영종)
    3. Princess Suheung (수흥궁주)
  2. Unnamed consort
    1. Unnamed daughter

See also

References
    • 고종 (in Korean). Doosan Encyclopedia.
    Gojong of Goryeo
    House of Wang
    Born: 3 February 1192 Died: 21 July 1259
    Regnal titles
    Preceded by
    Gangjong    		 King of Goryeo
    1213–1259    		 Succeeded by
    Wonjong
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