Galaxy 1
Galaxy 1 was the first in a line of Galaxy communications satellites launched by Hughes Communications in 1983.
| Operator | Hughes |
|---|---|
| COSPAR ID | 1983-065A |
| SATCAT no. | 14158 |
| Mission duration | 9 years |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Bus | HS-376 |
| Manufacturer | Hughes Aircraft |
| Dry mass | 1,218 kilograms (2,685 lb) |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | June 28, 1983, 22:08:00 UTC |
| Rocket | Delta-3920/PAM-D |
| Launch site | Cape Canaveral |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | Geostationary |
| Longitude | 169° west |
| Perigee altitude | 35,815 kilometers (22,254 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 35,844 kilometers (22,272 mi) |
| Inclination | 14.8° |
| Period | 1.437 minutes |
| Transponders | |
| Band | 24 C band |
It helped fill a hole in satellite broadcasting bandwidth created by the loss of RCA's Satcom 3 in 1979. Unlike satellite owners RCA and Western Union, Hughes did not lease time on their transponders in the fashion of a common carrier, but instead sold transponders outright to content providers. This created a stable lineup of content attractive enough for cable providers to dedicate earth station receivers to it full-time.[1]
Among the services on Galaxy 1 by mid-1984: HBO, Cinemax, The Movie Channel, Showtime, The Disney Channel, TBS, CNN, ESPN, and The Nashville Network.[1]
Retirement of Galaxy 1
In 1992, Galaxy 1 was replaced by Galaxy 5 as the predominant cable television signal carrier, when a majority of satellite television services were relocated onto that satellite. It was originally slated for retirement in 1992 and replacement by Galaxy 1R, but the replacement was lost during launch on August 22, 1992, due to a failure of the booster rocket's second stage Centaur engine; it was eventually replaced in 1994 by Galaxy 1RR.
Home Box Office
The HBO (Home Box Office) signal on transponder 23 of Galaxy 1 was interrupted during the infamous Captain Midnight attack on April 27, 1986. The attack was directed at HBO for their adoption of the Videocipher system and for charging high prices for access to the HBO and Cinemax services with that system.
See also
References
- "After 10 Years of Satellite, the Sky's No Limit" (PDF). Broadcasting. April 9, 1984. p. 44. Retrieved June 13, 2015.