GM Medium Diesel engine

The Medium Diesel Engine (MDE) is a four-cylinder diesel engine developed by Adam Opel AG and branded "1.6 CDTI Ecotec" in most markets. Opel also adds the marketing term "Whisper Diesel" in some markets, claiming relatively low levels of noise, vibration, and harshness. Production commenced in late 2013 at Szentgotthárd, Hungary. The MDE is Opel's first all-aluminum diesel engine and offers a power density of 85 hp (63 kW) per liter 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) in its most powerful version. Maximum power and torque have been increased versus the previous-generation 1.7-liter engine, while fuel consumption has been reduced by up to 10 percent compared with a 2.0-liter CDTI engine of similar power output.[1] This new 1.6 CDTI engine will replace the current 1.7-liter and lower-powered 2.0-liter diesel engines in a wide range of Opel models, with more- and less-powerful versions to come. The most powerful version of this engine, delivering 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) at 3,500–4,000 rpm and 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm, was first introduced in the 2013 Opel Zafira Tourer,[2] and later in the 2014 Opel Astra J and restyled 2014 Opel Meriva B. In 2014, versions were released with power outputs of 110 and 95 PS (81 and 70 kW; 108 and 94 hp).

The engine's displacement is 1.6 L (1,598 cc) and it has a bore/stroke ratio of 79.7 mm × 80.1 mm (3.14 in × 3.15 in), attaining cylinder pressures of 180 bar (2,600 psi) and a compression ratio of 16.0:1. It uses an aluminum engine block, die-cast aluminum bedplate, and an aluminum cylinder head. A chain driven dual overhead camshaft, employing weight-saving hollow sections and lobes, operates four valves per cylinder with low-friction, hydraulic roller finger followers. The pistons are made from aluminum for reduced reciprocating mass, feature a concave, shallow-bowl profile to facilitate efficient combustion, and are cooled by under-skirt oil spraying. The crankshaft employs four counterweights to minimize mass, and both it and the con-rods are made of forged steel. The engine features multiple improvements to reduce NVH, such as a cam cover made of GRP and fully decoupled from the engine to reduce noise and vibration, while also saving weight compared to aluminum; a composite intake manifold encapsulated in acoustic padding as well as an external plastic shield that both significantly reduce noise emissions; a mechanical crankshaft isolator which reduces radiated noise and torsional vibrations in the accessory drive system; and scissor gears for the timing drive system, incorporating tooth profiles ground with a Low Noise Shifting (LNS) process for optimal noise reduction. More than 150 patented diesel control functions are deployed by the engine's ECU, which was developed in-house by General Motors and jointly engineered in Italy (by GM Powertrain Torino), Germany, and the United States, and will be used in all future GM four-cylinder diesel engines.

Low fuel consumption and Euro 6-standard emissions (effective from September 2015) are also made possible by the use of Opel’s “BlueInjection” selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, which injects AdBlue, a urea-and-water solution, into the exhaust stream. The solution decomposes into ammonia, which is then stored on a catalyst substrate. When nitrogen oxide (NO
x ) from the exhaust gases enters the catalyst, it is then selectively reduced to nitrogen and water.

From 2013, this engine replaced the 1.7 L CDTI as well as lower-powered variants of the 2.0 L CDTI Ecotec 110 and 130 PS (81 and 96 kW; 108 and 128 hp) engines in Opel cars, and in the near future it will also supersede the 1.3 L CDTI engines in the Corsa, Meriva and Astra. GM also plans to introduce the MDE engine in the 2017 Chevrolet Cruze and 2018 Chevrolet Equinox sold in the United States.

A bi-turbo version with 160 hp (119 kW; 162 PS)/356 N⋅m (263 lb⋅ft) is used in:

• 2016 Opel Astra K [3]

The 136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp)/320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) version (code B16DTH) is used in the following vehicles:

• 2013 Opel Zafira Tourer C
• 2014 Opel Astra J
• 2014 Opel Meriva B
• 2015 Opel Mokka
• 2015 Opel Insignia A
• 2017 Opel Insignia B
• 2015-2018 Chevrolet Orlando sold in South Korea
• 2015 Chevrolet Trax sold in South Korea
• 2015 Opel Astra K
• 2016-2019 Chevrolet Cruze
• 2018-2019 Chevrolet Equinox
• 2018-2019 GMC Terrain

The 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp)/320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) version is used in:

• 2014 Opel Zafira Tourer C
• 2015 Opel Insignia A
• 2017 Opel Insignia B

The 110 PS (81 kW; 108 hp)/300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) version is used in:

• 2014 Opel Astra J
• 2014 Opel Meriva B
• 2015 Opel Mokka
• 2015 Opel Astra K

The 95 PS (70 kW; 94 hp)/280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft) version is used in:

• 2014 Opel Meriva B
• 2015 Opel Astra K