Głogówek

A distant view of the town from the surrounding fields

Previously, it was believed that the first historical mention of Głogówek was in the year 1076, however this is now known to be false. The sources which frequently cited the city's 11th-century founding were misinterpreted, and referred instead to the Lower Silesian town of Głogów (Glogau). Given the ages of some texts, a mistake in identifying the first historical mentions of the two settlements is understandable. At the time, military conflict in the region was common, and the use of the Głogów fortress may very well have inspired the names of smaller villages in the surrounding area, causing the confusion.

The first unequivocal historical mention of Głogówek in a Silesian source dates from 1212. This source is a list of villages which were in the tithing area of the Leubus Cloister. The village was referred to as "Glogov" in the Latin text, which describes, in some detail, the boundaries of the village. This description could only apply to the present-day village, and is considered to be the first unambiguous mention of Głogówek. It was part of the Duchy of Opole of fragmented Piast-ruled Poland. Town privileges were granted to Głogówek by local dukes in 1275. Another error in Silesian record-keeping states that Głogówek, still a fairly small town, had 12 official representatives, a number much too large for a city of that size. Wrocław, the largest city in the province nowadays, had only five at the time. The city was later granted German town privileges as well.

A monument commemorating the stay of King John II Casimir of Poland in 1655.

In 1327, Głogówek fell under Bohemian suzerainty, however, it remained under the rule of local Polish dukes of the Piast dynasty until 1532. The town's city rights were renewed again in 1373, this time under the Magdeburg rights provision. In 1379, a church, Saint Bartholomew's, was built. Only a few years later, the duke Vladislaus II of Opole (+1401), built another large cloister in Mochów, associated with Częstochowa in the area. In 1532 the town was incorporated into the Bohemian Crown Lands. In 1643, the village was largely destroyed by Swedish invaders and in 1645 it returned to Poland under the House of Vasa. During the Swedish invasion of Poland, Polish King John II Casimir Vasa stayed in the castle in Głogówek from October 17, 1655 until December 18 of the same year. Hetman Stefan Czarniecki, poet Jan Andrzej Morsztyn, future king Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki,[2] and parliamentarian Jakub Sobieski, father of the future king John III Sobieski, also visited the town at that time.[3] John II Casimir Vasa visited the town again, after his abdication, in 1669.

Reliefs on the facade of the Mannerist-Baroque castle

After the First Silesian War in the mid-18th century, Głogówek, then Oberglogau, came under Prussian control. The town was, for the most part, destroyed in a large fire in 1765. In addition, Ludwig van Beethoven came to stay in the castle, using it to finish his fourth symphony. From 1871 the town was part of the German Empire. It was connected to the railroad network in 1876 when its population, which was almost completely bilingual, stood at 6,000.

After World War I, Oberglogau became part of the Weimar Republic. In the Upper Silesia plebiscite mandated by the Versailles Treaty 4,995 inhabitants (95.9%) voted for remaining part of Germany.[4] 215 inhabitants (4.1%) voted for Poland.[4] In the interwar period, a local branch of the Union of Poles in Germany was located in the town, and in 1931 the Polish Bank Ludowy ("People's Bank") was founded. Polish activist were persecuted since 1937, and, after the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II, the assets of the Polish bank were confiscated.[5] In 1936, the town had 7,742 inhabitants.

During the Second World War, the town was the base for a working party (E600) of British and Commonwealth prisoners of war, under the administration of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp at Lamsdorf (currently Łambinowice).[6] The prisoners were working in a sugar beet factory (Hotzenplotzer Zuckerfabrik). In January 1945, as the Soviet armies resumed their offensive and advanced from the east, the prisoners were marched westward in the so-called Long March or Death March. Many of them died from exposure or exhaustion. Some prisoners got far enough to the west to be liberated by the allied armies after some four months of travelling on foot in appalling conditions.[7] 40% of the town were destroyed during the war.

After the war, the town was placed under Polish administration in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement (pending a final peace conference which eventually never took place) and renamed to Głogówek. Contrary to most other towns in Silesia, not the entire German population was expelled. For this reason, a German minority has remained in the town. Since 2009, the town has been officially bilingual in Polish and German.

In 1975 the Regional Museum of Głogówek was founded in the castle complex.[3]

Sights of Głogówek (examples)

Castle

Castle gate

Statue of Saint Florian, patron of Poland, at the Town Hall

Park

Holy Cross Church and cemetery

Franciscan monastery

Zamkowa Street

Adama Mickiewicza Street

See twin towns of Gmina Głogówek.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Głogówek.

• (in Polish and German) Official website of the city
• (in Polish) Głogówek Online Information Portal of Głogówek Community
• Jewish Community in Głogówek on Virtual Shtetl