Field hockey at the Summer Olympics

Field hockey, was introduced at the Olympic Games as a men's competition at the 1908 Games in London, with six teams, including four from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

Field hockey at the Summer Olympics
Governing bodyFIH
Events2 (men: 1; women: 1)
Games

History

Field hockey was removed from the Summer Olympic Games at the 1924 Paris Games because of the lack of an international sporting structure. The International Hockey Federation (FIH, Fédération Internationale de Hockey) was founded in Paris that year as a response to field hockey's omission. Men's field hockey became a permanent feature at the next Olympic Games, the 1928 Games in Amsterdam.

For a long time, India dominated the Olympics, winning the men's gold medal in seven out of eight Olympics from 1928 to 1964. Later, Pakistan was also dominant, winning three gold and three silver medals between 1956 and 1984. India lost their dominance after the 1980s and Pakistan after the 1990s. India won their last gold medal in 1980 and Pakistan in 1984 Games.

Since 1968, various teams from around the world have seen gold-medal success at the Olympics. Since 1968, several countries in the Southern Hemisphere have won various medals in men's and women's field hockey, including Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, and Zimbabwe. A leading group of teams from the Northern Hemisphere has come from the Netherlands and from Germany.

Spain has appeared in the most Olympic men's competitions without winning the men's gold medal, having won silver three times in 1980, 1996, 2008 and bronze once in 1960. Australia had competed in 11 Olympics without winning gold before breaking their streak in 2004.

The first women's Olympic field hockey competition was introduced by the IOC at the 1980 Summer Olympics. Olympic field hockey games were first played on artificial turf at the 1976 Montreal Olympic Games.

Until the 1988 Olympics the tournament was invitational but FIH introduced a qualification system since the 1992 games. India is the leading team in overall medal tally with 11 medals (8 gold, 1 silver and 2 bronze). India also lead in most number of gold medals.

Men

Summaries

Year Hosts Final Bronze medal match
Gold medal Score Silver medal Bronze medal Score Fourth place
1908
Details
London, Great Britain
Great Britain

(England)
8–1
Great Britain
(Ireland)

Great Britain
(Scotland)

Great Britain
(Wales)
[lower-alpha 1]
1912 Stockholm, Sweden No tournament No tournament
1920
Details
Antwerp, Belgium
Great Britain
[lower-alpha 2]
Denmark

Belgium
[lower-alpha 2]
France
1924 Paris, France No tournament No tournament
1928
Details
Amsterdam, Netherlands
India
3–0
Netherlands

Germany
3–0
Belgium
1932
Details
Los Angeles, United States
India
[lower-alpha 3]
Japan

United States
[lower-alpha 3]
1936
Details
Berlin, Germany
India
8–1
Germany

Netherlands
4–3
France
1948
Details
London, Great Britain
India
4–0
Great Britain

Netherlands
1–1
4–1
(Replay)

Pakistan
1952
Details
Helsinki, Finland
India
6–1
Netherlands

Great Britain
2–1
Pakistan
1956
Details
Melbourne, Australia
India
1–0
Pakistan

United Team of Germany[lower-alpha 4]
3–1
Great Britain
1960
Details
Rome, Italy
Pakistan
1–0
India

Spain
2–1
Great Britain
1964
Details
Tokyo, Japan
India
1–0
Pakistan

Australia
3–2
after extra time

Spain
1968
Details
Mexico City, Mexico
Pakistan
2–1
Australia

India
2–1
West Germany
1972
Details
Munich, West Germany
West Germany
1–0
Pakistan

India
2–1
Netherlands
1976
Details
Montreal, Canada
New Zealand
1–0
Australia

Pakistan
3–2
Netherlands
1980
Details
Moscow, Soviet Union
India
4–3
Spain

Soviet Union
2–1
Poland
1984
Details
Los Angeles, United States
Pakistan
2–1
after extra time

West Germany

Great Britain
3–2
Australia
1988
Details
Seoul, South Korea
Great Britain
3–1
West Germany

Netherlands
2–1
Australia
1992
Details
Barcelona, Spain
Germany
2–1
Australia

Pakistan
4–3
Netherlands
1996
Details
Atlanta, United States
Netherlands
3–1
Spain

Australia
3–2
Germany
2000
Details
Sydney, Australia
Netherlands
3–3
(5–4)
Penalty strokes

South Korea

Australia
6–3
Pakistan
2004
Details
Athens, Greece
Australia
2–1
after extra time

Netherlands

Germany
4–3
after extra time

Spain
2008
Details
Beijing, China
Germany
1–0
Spain

Australia
6–2
Netherlands
2012
Details
London, Great Britain
Germany
2–1
Netherlands

Australia
3–1
Great Britain
2016
Details
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Argentina
4–2
Belgium

Germany
1–1
(4–3)
Penalty shootout

Netherlands
2021
Details
Tokyo, Japan

Top four statistics

Team Winners Runners-up Third place Fourth place
 India[lower-alpha 5] 8 (1928, 1932, 1936, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1964, 1980) 1 (1960) 2 (1968, 1972)
 Germany[lower-alpha 6] 4 (1972, 1992, 2008, 2012) 3 (1936, 1984, 1988) 4 (1928, 1956, 2004, 2016) 2 (1968, 1996)
 Pakistan 3 (1960, 1968, 1984) 3 (1956, 1964, 1972) 2 (1976, 1992) 3 (1948, 1952, 2000)
 Great Britain 3 (1908*, 1920, 1988) 2 (1908*, 1948) 4 (1908*, 1908*, 1952, 1984) 3 (1956, 1960, 2012*)
 Netherlands 2 (1996, 2000) 4 (1928*, 1962, 2004, 2012) 3 (1936, 1948, 1988) 5 (1972, 1976, 1992, 2008, 2016)
 Australia 1 (2004) 3 (1968, 1976, 1992) 5 (1964, 1996, 2000*, 2008, 2012) 2 (1984, 1988)
 New Zealand 1 (1976)
 Argentina 1 (2016)
 Spain 3 (1980, 1996, 2008) 1 (1960) 2 (1964, 2004)
 Belgium 1 (2016) 1 (1920*) 1 (1928)
 Denmark 1 (1920)
 Japan 1 (1932)
 South Korea 1 (2000)
 United States 1 (1932*)
 Soviet Union 1 (1980*)
 France 2 (1920, 1936)
 Poland 1 (1980)
* = host nation

Team appearances

Team
1908

1920

1928

1932

1936

1948

1952

1956

1960

1964

1968

1972

1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

2008

2012

2016

2021
Total
 Afghanistan 6th8th11th3
 Argentina 5th14th14th11th8th11th9th8th11th10th1stQ12
 Australia 5th6th3rd2nd5th2nd4th4th2nd3rd3rd1st3rd3rd6thQ16
 Austria 9th8th7th3
 Belgium 3rd4th9th5th9th7th11th11th9th10th9th9th5th2ndQ15
 Brazil 12th1
 Canada 13th10th12th11th10th10th11thQ8
 China 11th1
 CIS 10thDefunct1
 Cuba 5th1
 Denmark 2nd5th10th11th16th5
 East Germany 11thDefunct1
 Egypt 12th12th2
 England 1stPart of Great Britain1
 Finland 9th1
 France 6th4th5th4th8th11th10th10th12th9
 Great Britain 1st2nd3rd4th4th9th12th6th3rd1st6th7th6th9th5th4th9thQ18
 Germany 5th3rd2nd5th1st4th5th3rd1st1st3rdQ12
 Hong Kong 15th1
 Hungary 8th1
 India 1st1st1st1st1st1st2nd1st3rd3rd7th1st5th6th7th8th7th7th12th8thQ21
 Ireland 2nd10th2
 Italy 11th13th2
Team
1908

1920

1928

1932

1936

1948

1952

1956

1960

1964

1968

1972

1976

1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

2008

2012

2016

2021
Total
 Japan 2nd7th14th7th13thQ6
 Kenya 10th7th6th8th13th9th12th7
 Malaysia 9th9th15th8th8th10th9th11th11th9
 Mexico 16th16th2
 Netherlands 2nd3rd3rd2nd9th7th5th4th4th6th3rd4th1st1st2nd4th2nd4thQ19
 New Zealand 6th5th13th7th9th1st7th8th6th7th9th7thQ13
 Pakistan 4th4th2nd1st2nd1st2nd3rd1st5th3rd6th4th5th8th7th16
 Poland 6th12th11th4th12th5
 Rhodesia 11thDefunct1
 Scotland 3rdPart of Great Britain1
 Singapore 8th1
 South Africa 10th10th12th11thQ5
 South Korea 10th5th2nd8th6th8th6
 Soviet Union# 3rd7thDefunct2
 Spain 7th11th3rd4th6th7th6th2nd8th9th5th2nd9th4th2nd6th5thQ18
  Switzerland 7th5th5th7th15th5
 Tanzania 6th1
 Uganda 15th1
 United Team of Germany 3rd7th5thDefunct3
 United States 3rd11th11th12th11th12th6
 Wales 3rdPart of Great Britain1
 West Germany 4th1st5th2nd2ndDefunct5
Total6493111312121615161611612121212121212121212270
# = states or teams that have since split into two or more independent nations

45 teams have competed in at least one Olympic Games.

Debut of teams

Year Debuting teams Successor and
renamed teams
Teams No. CT
1908  England,  France,  Germany,  Ireland,  Scotland,  Wales 6 6
1920  Belgium,  Denmark 2 8  Great Britain
1928  Austria,  India,  Netherlands,  Spain,   Switzerland 5 13
1932  Japan,  United States 2 15
1936  Afghanistan,  Hungary 2 17
1948  Argentina,  Pakistan 2 19
1952  Finland,  Italy,  Poland 3 22
1956  Australia,  Kenya,  Malaya,  New Zealand,  Singapore 5 27  United Team of Germany
1960 No debuts 0 27
1964  Canada,  Hong Kong,  Rhodesia 3 30  Malaysia
1968  East Germany,  Mexico 2 32  West Germany
1972  Uganda 1 33
1976 No debuts 0 33
1980  Cuba,  Soviet Union,  Tanzania 3 36
1984 No debuts 0 36
1988  South Korea 1 37
1992  Egypt 2 39  CIS
1996  South Africa 1 40
2000 No debuts 0 40
2004 No debuts 0 40
2008  China 1 41
2012 No debuts 0 41
2016  Brazil 1 42
2021 No debuts 0 42

Women

Summaries

Year Host Final Bronze medal match
Gold medal Score Silver medal Bronze medal Score Fourth place
1980
Details
Moscow, Soviet Union
Zimbabwe
[lower-alpha 7]
Czechoslovakia

Soviet Union
[lower-alpha 7]
India
1984
Details
Los Angeles, United States
Netherlands
[lower-alpha 8]
West Germany

United States
(10–5)
Penalty strokes[lower-alpha 9]

Australia
1988
Details
Seoul, South Korea
Australia
2–0
South Korea

Netherlands
3–1
Great Britain
1992
Details
Barcelona, Spain
Spain
2–1
after extra time

Germany

Great Britain
4–3
South Korea
1996
Details
Atlanta, United States
Australia
3–1
South Korea

Netherlands
0–0
(4–3)
Penalty strokes

Great Britain
2000
Details
Sydney, Australia
Australia
3–1
Argentina

Netherlands
2–0
Spain
2004
Details
Athens, Greece
Germany
2–1
Netherlands

Argentina
1–0
China
2008
Details
Beijing, China
Netherlands
2–0
China

Argentina
3–1
Germany
2012
Details
London, Great Britain
Netherlands
2–0
Argentina

Great Britain
3–1
New Zealand
2016
Details
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Great Britain
3–3
(2–0)
Penalty shootout

Netherlands

Germany
2–1
New Zealand
2021
Details
Tokyo, Japan

Top four statistics

Team Winners Runners-up Third place Fourth place
 Netherlands 3 (1984, 2008, 2012) 2 (2004, 2016) 3 (1988, 1996, 2000)
 Australia 3 (1988, 1996, 2000*) 1 (1984)
 Germany[lower-alpha 10] 1 (2004) 2 (1984, 1992) 1 (2016) 1 (2008)
 Great Britain 1 (2016) 2 (1992, 2012*) 2 (1988, 1996)
 Spain 1 (1992*) 1 (2000)
 Zimbabwe 1 (1980)
 Argentina 2 (2000, 2012) 2 (2004, 2008)
 South Korea 2 (1988*, 1996) 1 (1992)
 China 1 (2008*) 1 (2004)
 Czechoslovakia 1 (1980)
 Soviet Union 1 (1980*)
 United States 1 (1984*)
 New Zealand 2 (2012, 2016)
 India 1 (1980)
* = host nation

Team appearances

Team
1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

2000

2004

2008

2012

2016

2021
Total
 Argentina 7th7th2nd3rd3rd2nd7thQ8
 Australia 4th1st5th1st1st5th5th5th6thQ10
 Austria 5th1
 Belgium 11th1
 Canada 5th6th7th3
 Czechoslovakia# 2ndDefunct1
 China 5th4th2nd6th9thQ6
 Germany 2nd6th7th1st4th7th3rdQ8
 Great Britain 4th3rd4th8th6th3rd1stQ8
 India 4th12thQ3
 Ireland Q1
 Japan 8th10th9th10thQ5
 Netherlands 1st3rd6th3rd3rd2nd1st1st2ndQ10
 New Zealand 6th8th6th6th12th4th4thQ8
 Poland 6th1
 South Africa 10th9th11th10thQ5
 South Korea 2nd4th2nd9th7th9th8th11th8
 Soviet Union# 3rdDefunct1
 Spain 1st8th4th10th7th8thQ7
 United States 3rd8th5th8th12th5th6
 West Germany 2nd5thDefunct2
 Zimbabwe 1st1
Total66888101012121212104
# = states that have since split into two or more independent nations

Australia and the Netherlands are the only teams to have competed at almost every Olympic Games, except for only one edition; 21 teams have competed in at least one Olympic Games.

Debut of teams

Year Debutants Total
1980  Austria,  Czechoslovakia *,  India,  Poland,  Soviet Union *,  Zimbabwe 6
1984  Australia,  Canada,  Netherlands,  New Zealand,  United States,  West Germany * 6
1988  Argentina,  Great Britain,  South Korea 3
1992  Germany #,  Spain 1 (+1)
1996 No debuts 0
2000  China,  South Africa 2
2004 No debuts 0
2008  Japan 1
2012  Belgium 1
2016 No debuts 0
2021  Ireland 1
Total 21 (+1^)
* = Defunct Team
# = Germany is official successor of West Germany

Medal table

The medal ceremony of the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome

Total

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 India (IND)[lower-alpha 5]81211
2 Netherlands (NED)56617
3 Australia (AUS)43512
4 Great Britain (GBR)42612
5 Germany (GER)42410
6 Pakistan (PAK)3328
7 Spain (ESP)1315
8 West Germany (FRG)1304
9 Argentina (ARG)1225
10 New Zealand (NZL)1001
 Zimbabwe (ZIM)1001
12 South Korea (KOR)0303
13 Belgium (BEL)0112
14 China (CHN)0101
 Czechoslovakia (TCH)0101
 Denmark (DEN)0101
 Japan (JPN)0101
18 Soviet Union (URS)0022
 United States (USA)0022
20 United Team of Germany (EUA)0011
Totals (20 nations)333334100

Men

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 India[lower-alpha 5]81211
2 Pakistan3328
3 Great Britain3249
4 Germany3137
5 Netherlands2439
6 Australia1359
7 West Germany1203
8 Argentina1001
 New Zealand1001
10 Spain0314
11 Belgium0112
12 Denmark0101
 Japan0101
 South Korea0101
15 Soviet Union0011
 United States0011
 United Team of Germany0011
Totals (17 nations)23232470

Women

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Netherlands3238
2 Australia3003
3 Germany1113
4 Great Britain1023
5 Spain1001
 Zimbabwe1001
7 Argentina0224
8 South Korea0202
9 China0101
 Czechoslovakia0101
 West Germany0101
12 Soviet Union0011
 United States0011
Totals (13 nations)10101030

See also

Notes

  1. There was no bronze medal match for the 1908 Games in London.
  2. The 1920 tournament was played in a round-robin format, so there were no gold medal or bronze medal matches.
  3. Three teams participated in the 1932 tournament, so they played a round-robin format.
  4. The United Team of Germany was the combined team from West Germany and East Germany that competed together at the Olympic Games from 1956 to 1964. Then each country sent independent teams from 1968 to 1988.
  5. Includes three gold medals as British India
  6. Includes results representing the United Team of Germany from 1956 to 1964 and West Germany from 1968 to 1988
  7. Round-robin format play in 1980 for women's tournament
  8. Round Robin format use in 1984 women's tournament
  9. The final standings show both the United States and Australia were tied in points and had same margin in goal difference (both having scored 9 goals and conceded 7 goals), therefore a penalty stroke competition was played to decide the bronze medal winner, with the United States winning.
  10. Includes representing West Germany from 1984 to 1988
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