9K52 Luna-M

In what became its first use in combat, Syrian forces fired a FROG-7 barrage at Galilee on 7 October and 8 October 1973, in the course of the Yom Kippur War. Although aimed at Israeli air bases such as Ramat David, the rockets struck several Israeli settlements. These inintended attacks on civilians gave Israel the justification to launch a sustained air campaign inside Syria itself.[1]

Starting in 2012, during the Syrian Civil War, the Syrian Army fired several FROG-7 rockets against different areas under control of different insurgent formations.[2]

Iraq made intensive use of FROG-7 rockets in the war with Iran (1980-88), with little accuracy.[3] After the war with Iran, Iraq modified its stock of 9M21s by extending their range to 90 km and fitting a submunition-carrying warhead. The upgraded rocket was renamed Laith-90.[4] On 21 February 1991, during operation Desert Storm, Senegalese troops were hit hard by a Laith-90. Eight Senegalese soldiers were wounded in action as a result.[5]

During the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the Headquarters of the 2nd Brigade, US 3rd Infantry Division, Tactical Operations Center (TOC) of U.S Col. David Perkins, was targeted and struck by either an Iraqi FROG-7[6] rocket or an Ababil-100 SSM missile, killing three soldiers and two embedded journalists. Another 14 soldiers were injured, and 22 vehicles destroyed or seriously damaged, most of them Humvees.[7][8]

In the course of the Yugoslav Wars, Serb forces launched FROG-7 rockets on a number of Croatian towns, like Orašje, in the outskirts of Zupanja,[9] on 2 December 1992, where several civilians were killed,[10] or the capital Zagreb, on 11 September 1993, while the battle of Medak Pocket was still going on.[11]

RAF jets targeted and destroyed FROG-7 launchers operated by pro-Gaddafi forces south of Sirte in the 2011 Libyan civil war.[12]

9M21 missile (Luna M)

9T29 transporter carrying a 9M21 missile for a 9K52 Luna-M missile complex in Saint Petersburg Artillery museum

East German 9P113 TEL

9P113 TEL of the 9K52 system

•  Algeria -24 – acquired between 1964 and 1974, 15 systems supposed to be decommissioned by 2014.
•  Afghanistan
•  Belarus - Some (36 units of 9K52 and Tochka)
•  Cuba
•  Egypt - 24 launchers acquired between 1960 and 1969, most likely decommissioned
•  Libya - 45
•  North Korea - units of 9K52 and 2K6 Luna, called Hwasong-3)[14]
•  Russia - Some in storage
•  Syria - 30
•  Ukraine - 50
•  Yemen - 12

•  Bulgaria
•  Czechoslovakia
•  East Germany
•  Hungary
•  Iraq: Destroyed during the 2003 invasion
•  Kuwait: Captured by the Iraqi Army during the Gulf War
•  Poland: 49 launchers in 1966-2001[15]
•  Romania
•  South Yemen
•  Soviet Union
•  Yugoslavia