Equipment of the Iranian Army

From 1925 to the Iranian Revolution in 1979, Iran was mostly equipped with Western hardware. Cases exist where Iran was supplied with equipment even before it was made standard in the countries that developed it (for example the US F-14 Tomcat, or the British Chieftain). Primary suppliers included the United States, Britain, France, West Germany, Italy, Israel, and the Soviet Union.

The Iran–Iraq War, and post revolutionary sanctions at the time had a dramatic effect on Iran's inventory of western equipment. Under the pressures of war all supplies were quickly exhausted and replacements became increasingly difficult to come by. The war eventually forced Iran to turn towards Pakistan, North Korea, Brazil, and China to meet its short term military requirements. Initial developments in every field of military technology were carried out with the technical support of Russia, China, and North Korea to lay the foundations for future industries.

Iranian reliance on these countries has rapidly decreased over the last decade in most sectors where Iran has gained almost total independence; however, in some sectors such as the Aerospace sector Iran is still greatly reliant on external help. Iran has developed the capacity to reverse engineer existing foreign hardware, adapt it to its own requirements and then manufacture the finished product. Examples of this are the Boragh IFV. In an attempt to make its military industries more sustainable Iran has also sought to export its military products.

This page includes weapons used by both the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces and the Revolutionary Guards ground forces.

Infantry weapons

Small arms

Model Type Quantity Acquired Origin Image Notes
PC-9 ZOAFSemi-automatic pistol Iran
9 mm pistol, unlicensed local production variant of the Swiss SIG Sauer P226.[1]
Browning HPSemi-automatic pistol Belgium
Used by IRGC[2]
M1911A1Semi-automatic pistol United States
.45 ACP pistol.[3][4]
MPT-9Submachine gun West Germany/ Iran
Heckler & Koch MP5 manufactured under licence[5]
UziSubmachine gun Israel
[6]
Star Model Z84 Submachine gun  Spain
Amphibious Submachine-Gun is used by IRGCN frogmen.
NakhjirSniper rifle Soviet Union/ Iran
SVD manufactured under license;[7] A new upgraded version was unveiled during the Muhammad Rasulullah 4 exercises held on 12 December 2016.[8]
Siyavash sniper rifleSniper rifle IranDomestically produced lightweight sniper weighing 6.5 kg (14 lb) loaded[9]
TaherSniper rifle Iran
Domestically developed sniper rifle with maximum range of 1200 m[8]
Steyr HS .50/SayyadAnti-material rifle Austria/ Iran
[10]
ArashAnti-material rifle Iransemi-automatic anti-material sniper rifle, also used by Hezbollah
ShaherAnti-material rifle Iran
Iranian 14.5 mm anti material rifle.
TaktabAnti-material rifle IranIranian 20 mm anti material sniper rifle[11]
S.5'56Assault rifle China/ Iran
Copy of the Norinco CQ. In service with Saberin unit.[12]
ArashAnti-material rifle IranIranian 20 mm bullpup Anti-Material rifle.[13][14][15]
KH-2002Assault rifle Iran
Iranian designed bullpup configuration of the Chinese Norinco CQ 5.56×45mm rifle. Limited service.[16]
AKMAssault rifle Soviet Union
[17]
Type 56Assault rifle China
Chinese AKM clone
KL-7.62Assault rifle Iran
Iranian copy of the Chinese Type 56 and AKM. Possibly produced under license. IRGC main service rifle.
HK G3A6Battle rifle West Germany/ Iran
Licensed production of G3A3 Battle Rifle,[18] Army main service rifle[17]
MGA3General purpose machine gun West Germany/ Iran
Licensed production[18]
PKM-T80General purpose machine gun Soviet Union/ Iran
Local production[17]
MGDHeavy machine gun Soviet Union/ IranLocal production[19]
RPKLight machine gun Soviet Union
Local production
AkhgarHeavy machine gun IranLocally produced 7.62 mm 6-barrelled rotary machine gun.
MoharramHeavy machine gun IranLocally produced 12.7 mm 6-barrelled rotary machine gun.[20]
Nasirautomatic grenade launcher Iran
40mm automatic grenade launcher.
Sayad 5.56 Assault rifle  Iran Carbine version of the Norinco CQ produced by Iran
AK-103 Assault rifle  Russia
The sale of an undisclosed number of AK-103s for use by sections of the Iranian special forces was negotiated.[14] The weapons were reported to be shipped to Iran on August 2016.[15] The IRGC is reported to be using the AK-103.[16]

Infantry anti-tank weapons/unguided

Model Type Quantity Acquired Origin Image Notes
SPG-9Recoilless rifle Soviet Union/ Iran
[21][22]
M40Recoilless rifle United States/ Iran
[22]
RPG-7 Soviet Union/ Iran
[23]
Type 69 RPG China
Chinese copy of Russian RPG-7.
Saegheh IranImproved version of the RPG-7.[24]
RPG-29 Soviet Union
[25]
Sources:[26][27][28][29]

Anti-tank guided missile

Model Type Quantity Acquired Origin Photos Notes
Saeghe 1/2Anti-tank guided missileUnknown Iran
Reverse engineered M47 Dragon.[30][31]
Toophan
Toophan 2
Toophan 2B
Toophan 2M
Toophan 3
Toophan 4
Toophan 5
Toophan 6
Toophan 7
Anti-tank guided missile UnknownEntered production 1987/1988.
Revealed 2000.
N/A
N/A
Introduced 2016
First shown to the public in 2017 but in use since at least 2015.
Began development in 2002 and entered production in 2010.
Shown to the Public in 2017
Planned Variant, currently in development.
 Iran
Considered to be the BGM-71A TOW clone,[32] the Toophan-1's payload is a 3.6 kg HEAT warhead. the top speed 310 m/s. Toophan-1 marketing material claims a hit probability of 96%.[33]

The Toophan 2 is a derivative of BGM-71C TOW missile with a tandem HEAT warhead; possibly incorporates elements of BGM-71E TOW 2A missile.[34]

The Toophan 2B is an upgraded model of the Toophan 2 with a heavier warhead.

The Toophan 2M is an upgraded model of the Toophan 2B equipped with a tandem-warhead.[35]

The Toophan 3 is a reverse-engineered American BGM-71F TOW 2B top-attack missile.[36]

The Toophan 4 is a variant of the Toophan family which is equipped with a thermobaric fuel-air warhead.[37]

Considered the premier Toophan variant,[36] the Toophan-5 has laser guidance, tandem-warhead[38] and canards.[39] As a laser-riding missile, it uses a different launcher. Not a copy of any TOW variant.

The Toophan 6 is a variant of the Toophan family which is equipped with an anti-bunker thermobaric warhead[40] and is said to be laser-riding.

The Toophan 7 is a planned variant of the Toophan family, it's equipped warhead is unclear some sources claim it is perhaps fragmentation thermobaric.

Qaem
Qaem-M
Anti-aircraft missile Unknown Entered mass production in 2009  Iran
The Qaem is an Iranian SACLOS beam-riding SHORAD surface-to-air missile. With a range of six kilometers and a maximum altitude of two kilometers, the Qaem is intended for use against UAVs and low flying or stationary helicopters. The Qaem is a development of the Toophan missile, hence why they are identical in appearance.

The missiles can be used by Ghods Mohajer UAVs.[41]

The Qaem anti-aircraft missile uses a laser guidance system.[42] Iran also produces a variant, the Qaem-M, which adds a proximity fuse.[43]

9K11 Malyutka/RaadAnti-tank guided missileUnknown Soviet Union/ Iran
Manufactured in Iran under the name Raad.
9K111 FagotAnti-tank guided missileUnknown Soviet Union
9M113 KonkursAnti-tank guided missileUnknown Soviet Union/ Iran
Built as Towsan-1 or M-113 in Iran.
9K115-2 Metis-MAnti-tank guided missileUnknown Russia
MILANAnti-tank guided missileUnknown France
Captured during the Iran-Iraq War. Probably no longer in service.
DehlavieAnti-tank guided missileUnknown Iran
Iranian copy of Kornet.[44][45] Available as Pirooz vehicle-mounted weapon station.[46]
Sources:[47][48][22][27]

Vehicles

Armored fighting vehicles

Model Type In Service Origin Image Notes
Boragh/BMP-1Armored personnel carrier3501997 Iran
210 BMP-1 and 140 Boragh, according to Global Security[49]
SayyadArmored fast attack vehicleUnknown Iran
M113A1Armored personnel carrier3001966-1978 United States
EE-9 CascavelArmored car35 Brazil
According to Global Security, 35 are in service.[49]
BTR-50
BTR-60
BTR-80
Amphibious Armored personnel carrier Armored Personnel Carrier4801966–2017(BTR-80) Soviet Union


KPVT 14.5 mm machine gun replaced with DShKM 12.7 mm machine gun or ZSU-23 gun on some vehicles. ATGM launchers added to some vehicles.BTR-82 Variant
BMP-2Infantry fighting vehicle6501991–2001 Soviet Union
1,500 ordered in 1991 from Russia and 413 were delivered between 1993 and 2001 of which 82 were delivered directly by Russia and 331 were assembled in Iran.[50] 100 were in service in 1995, 140 in 2000 and 400 in 2002, 2005 and 2008.[48] 400 are currently in service.[51] Some sources claim that production is ongoing.
FV101 ScorpionCombat Vehicle Reconnaissance801997 United Kingdom
TosanLight tank201997 IranTosan is a domestically produced light tank, based on the FV101 Scorpion
Zulfiqar MBT 3
Zulfiqar MBT 2
Zulfiqar MBT 1
Main battle tank200 (More Scheduled for Production)
1(prototype)
100
1996–present Iran
Based on M60 and T-72. Featuring EFCS-3 fire control system and autoloader. The Zulfiqar 3 is the latest model in the family which has been heavily modernized with advanced technologies and armaments. It features considerable upgrades to the fire control system, chassis, engine and main gun. The new variant is equipped with the 2A46 125 mm smoothbore cannon, a laser rangefinder, RAM camouflage and a new fire control system. It is also fitted with a reinforced turret and the wheels are covered by an armoured skirt.[49]
Chieftain
Mobarez
Main battle tank100(Chieftain) -Mobarez ~501971-1979 United Kingdom/ Iran
707 Mk-3P and Mk-5P, 125–189 FV-4030-1, 41 ARV and 14 AVLB obtained before the 1979 revolution. Further planned deliveries of the more capable 4030 series were cancelled at that point. 100 in service as of 2005.Many others upgraded to Mobarez[52]
M60A1Main battle tank2001969-1970 United States/ Iran
Some sources claim ~150 M60.[53] Locally modernized as the Samsam.[54]
T-72S
T-72 Khorrhamshahr
Main battle tank
Main battle tank
565(25 T-72M1s)
-10?
1994–1999
1990s
 Iran/ Soviet Union
 Iran
Iran produced 2538 T-72S tanks under licence from Russia from 1993-2012, received 104 T-72M1 tanks from Poland from 1994-1995 and 37 T-72M1 tanks from Belarus starting in 2000, T-72M1 used in limited services.[55] Possible unlicensed production, around 2000 in inventory including 1500 T-72S and 500 less capable T-72M/M1.T-72 fitted with T-80 turret and using Kontakt-5 ERA
T-72Z Safir-74Main battle tankApproximately 400 with around 10 said to still be in service.[49] Iran
Modernized T-55 which have been replaced with the Zulfiqar 3 tanks and soon the Karrar tank.
KarrarMain battle tank4202016 Iran
[56] Both IRGC and Iran armed forces order about 800 Karrar tanks from local industry

Other vehicles

Other Vehicles
Model Type Quantity Acquired Origin Image Notes
Safir JeepMultipurpose Military vehicle5000+2008 Iran
Yearly production capacity of 5000 vehicles[57][58]
SamandarLight Attack Vehicle+ Iran[59][60]
KaviranMultipurpose Military vehicle+ Iran[61]
SepehrUtility vehicle+ Iran[62][63]
ArasMultipurpose Military vehicle+ Iran[64][65]
RangerLight Attack Vehicle+ Iran[66][67]
NeynavaLightweight Truck+ Iran
[68]
Mercedes-Benz L-series truckTruck+ West Germany/ Iran
[69]
Mercedes-Benz ActrosHeavy Truck1000+ Germany
KrAZ TrucksHeavy Truck+ Ukraine
[70]
Hyundai MightyLight Truck2000+ South Korea

Artillery

Mortars

Model Type Quantity Acquired Origin Notes
37mm Marsh Mortar37mm Mortar+Iran
HM 1260mm Mortar+Iran
HM 1360mm Mortar+Iran
HM 1460mm Mortar+Iran
HM 1581mm Mortar+Iran
HM 16120mm Mortar+Iran
Razm Mortar120mm Mortar+Iran[61]
Vafa Mortar160mm Mortar+Iran[64][65]
Sources:[22][26]

Towed artillery

Model Type Quantity Acquired Origin Image Notes
M101A1105mm howitzer130 United States
2A18M122mm howitzer550 Soviet Union
Type-54122mm howitzer100 China
M1954/Type 59-1130mm howitzer985 Soviet Union/ China
In 2002, Iran had 1,100 M-46 in conditional use. By 2012 this number has dropped to 985.
M1955152mm howitzer30 Soviet Union/ China
WAC-21155mm howitzer15 China
GHN-45155mm howitzer120 Canada
M-114155mm howitzer70 United States
122mm HM 40122mm howitzer+ Iran
155mm HM 41155mm howitzer+ Iran
FH-77B155mm howitzer18 Sweden
G-5155mm howitzer50 South Africa
In 1990, Iran had 50 G-5. Howerver, there is no current information on the condition of these howitzer.
M-115203mm howitzer20 United States
Type 63 MRL/Fajr 1107mm MRL13001986 Iran/ China
Global Security[49]
Source:[51]

Self-propelled artillery

Model Type Quantity Acquired Origin Image Notes
2S1 Gvozdika122mm self-propelled howitzer60 Soviet Union
Raad 1122mm self-propelled howitzer1001996 IranBased on 2S1 Gvozdika
Raad 2155mm self-propelled howitzer1501997 Iran
Based on M109
M109A1155mm self-propelled howitzer180 United States/ Iran
Remanufactured locally as the Hoveyzeh.500 bought from US in the 1970s[71]
M-1978170mm self-propelled howitzer20 North Korea
M-107175mm self-propelled howitzer30 United States
M-110203mm self-propelled howitzer30 United States
Fajr-3240mm MRLS1901994 Iran
Fajr-5330mm MRLS1901990 Iran
Shahin-1MRLS+1990 Iran
Shahin-2MRLS+1995 Iran
BM-21 Grad122mm MRLS1001978 Soviet Union
122mm Hadid/Azrash/Nur122mm MRLS551994 IranDomestic BM-21 developments?
Source:[48]

Surface-to-surface missiles

This refers to ballistic missiles and not battlefield systems. Iran's missile forces are under the command of the Revolutionary Guards, under the army's authority. Additional information is available at the article Air Force of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution, which force operates Iran's long-range missiles. Iran was reported to have purchased 18 mobile Musudan missiles (the extended range version of Soviet R-27 Zyb) with a 3,200-to-4,000 km range in 2005.[72]

Anti-ship missiles

Model Type Quantity Acquired Origin Image Notes
Kowsar 1/2/3Anti-ship missile+ IranLight ASCM based on Chinese C-701 and TL-10[73]
Nasr-1Anti ship missile+ IranLight ASCM based on Chinese C-705 and TL-6[73]
NoorAnti-ship missile+ Iran
ASCM based on Chinese C-801 and C-802
Ra'adAnti-ship missile+ IranIranian origin Heavy ASCM similar to Chinese C-401[74]
QaderAnti ship missile+ Iran
[75]
Khalij FarsAnti-ship ballistic missile+ Iran
Based on Fateh-110[76][77]
ZafarAnti-ship missile+ IranLight ASCM for IRGC navy[78]
Sources:[22][27]

Battlefield missile systems

Model Type Quantity Acquired Origin Image Notes
Tondar-69Rocket artillery+ Iran
OghabRocket artillery+1985–present Iran
Naze'atRocket artillery+ Iran
ZelzalTactical ballistic missile3000+ Iran
[79]
Fateh-110Tactical ballistic missile4500+2002–present Iran
[80]
Sources:[48][27]

Air defence missile systems

Aircraft

The IRIA Ground Forces operates an army aviation component comprising the following:

Aircraft Type Versions In service Manufacturer Photo
Mi-17/Mi-171shmedium-lift transport helicopterMi-17
Mi-171sh
47
Bell AH-1J Sea Cobraattack helicopterAH-1J
Panha 2091
50[81]
Toofanattack helicopterToofan 1 / Toofan 267[82]
Boeing CH-47 ChinookHeavy-lift transport helicopterCH-47C40built by Agusta
Dassault Falcon 20VIP transportFalcon 20E3
Aero Commanderutility transport6904
Fokker F27 Friendshiptactical transportF27-400M
F27-600
2
Cessna 185transportCessna 185F10

Unmanned aerial vehicles

Model Type Quantity Acquired Origin Image Notes
Sofreh MahiStealth UCAV- Iran
Under development
Karrar (UCAV)UCAV+2010 Iran
[83][84]
AbabilUAV+1986 Iran
A wide number built in several different variants including the tactical Ababil-5 for medium-range reconnaissance and surveillance, the Ababil-T for short/medium-range attack, and also the Ababil-B and -S[85]
Mohajer 1/2/3/4/5/6UAV300+1980's Iran
[22][86]
Raad 85UAV+ IranSuicide drone[86]
Ra'ad (UAV)UAV+ IranWith offensive capabilities[87][88]
Nazir (UAV)UAV+ Iran[87][88]
Hod HodUAV+ Iran[89]
Saegheh 1Target Drone90 Iran
[90]
Saegheh 2UCAV50+ Iran
Based on, but smaller than and substantially different from, the Lockheed Martin RQ-170 Sentinel
MQM-107Target Drone180 United States
[84]
YasirUAV+2013 Iran
In November 2013 a Yasir UAV was shown flying over Damascus, Syria in support of Syrian Arab Army forces fighting against rebels.[86][91]
Shahed 129UCAV100+ Iran
On April 10, 2014, rebels in Syria recorded a UAV resembling a Shahed 129 flying over Eastern Ghouta, Damascus[92]
HamasehUAV30 Iran
A medium-range drone, capable of carrying air to ground missiles
H-110 SarirUCAV10+ Iran
Capable of carrying air-to-air missiles[93]
FotrosUCAV? Iran
UCAV with range of 2000 km, flight ceiling of 25000 ft and 16–30 hours flight endurance, armed with missiles.[94]
SimorghUCAV? Iran
Full-size copy of the American RQ-170 UAV

See also

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