Eli Thayer

Eli Thayer (June 11, 1819 – April 15, 1899) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from 1857 to 1861. He was born in Mendon, Massachusetts. He graduated from Worcester Academy in 1840, from Brown University in 1845, and in 1848 founded Oread Institute, a school for young women in Worcester, Massachusetts. He is buried at Hope Cemetery, Worcester.

Eli Thayer
Eli Thayer
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 9th district
In office
March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1861
Preceded byAlexander De Witt
Succeeded byGoldsmith Bailey
Personal details
BornJune 11, 1819
Mendon, Massachusetts
DiedApril 15, 1899(1899-04-15) (aged 79)
Worcester, Massachusetts
Political partyRepublican
ChildrenJohn A. Thayer, Clara Thayer (Mrs. Charles H. Perry M.D.), Ida M. Thayer.[1]
Alma materWorcester Academy, 1840;
Brown University, 1845

He is chiefly remembered for his crusade to ensure that the Kansas Territory would enter into the United States as a free state. With this aim in view, early in 1854 Thayer organized the Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company to send anti-slavery settlers to the Kansas Territory. In 1855, this organization joined with the New York Emigrant Aid Company and the name was changed to the New England Emigrant Aid Company. The motives of Thayer in establishing the New England Emigrant Aid Company were questioned by historian David S. Reynolds who wrote that Thayer "opposed slavery not on moral grounds but because [he] wanted to foster laissez-faire capitalism in the Territory"[2]

Local leagues were established whose members emigrated to Kansas and established towns. The Company provided hotels for temporary accommodation (such as the Free State Hotel in Lawrence) and provided sawmills and other improvements. Settlements were established at Manhattan, Lawrence, Topeka, and Osawatomie. The clash of these settlers and other "Free-Stater" Northerners with pro-slavery settlers spawned the violence of Bleeding Kansas.

Thayer wanted to establish an antislavery colony in Virginia, but land was too expensive. He then looked to western Virginia. Thayer chose to build his colony at the mouth of Twelvepole Creek in Wayne County, Virginia now West Virginia. He named his town Ceredo after the goddess Ceres. The town was founded in 1857. He enlisted fellow abolitionist Zopher D. Ramsdell to settle there and establish a boot and shoe factory.[3] It is open as a historic house museum.

Thayer in his later years

References
  1. "Sisters Run Down by Auto; Mrs. Clara Thayer Perry Dead, Miss Ida M. Thayer Dying". The New York Times. New York, NY: 5. September 18, 1914.
  2. Reynolds, David S. (2005). John Brown, abolitionist : the man who killed slavery, sparked the Civil War, and seeded civil rights (1st ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0375726152. OCLC 55955469.
  3. unknown (n.d.). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: Z. D. Ramsdell House" (PDF). State of West Virginia, West Virginia Division of Culture and History, Historic Preservation. Retrieved 2011-07-09.

Bibliography
  • Thayer, Eli.: (1889). History of the Kansas Crusade: Its Friends and its Foes
  • Napier, Mose.: Ceredo: Its Founders and Families
  • The New York Times, Sisters Run Down by Auto; Mrs. Clara Thayer Perry Dead, Miss Ida M. Thayer Dying September 18, 1914, p. 5.

Works related to Eli Thayer at Wikisource

U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by
Alexander De Witt		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Massachusetts's 9th congressional district
1857–1861		 Succeeded by
Goldsmith Bailey
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