Earning to give

In the 1996 book Living High and Letting Die, the philosopher Peter Unger wrote that it was morally praiseworthy and perhaps even morally required for people in academia who could earn substantially greater salaries in the business world to leave academia, earn the greater salaries, and donate most of the extra money to charity.[2] Moral philosopher Peter Singer has laid the foundations for effective altruism and earning to give in his 1971 essay "Famine, Affluence and Morality" and since advocated for donating considerable amounts of one's income to effective charitable organizations.[3] Singer is a public proponent of effective altruism and endorsed earning to give in his 2013 TED talk.[4] Associate Professor in Philosophy at Oxford University William MacAskill promoted earning to give as one possible high impact career in several news articles and in his 2015 book Doing Good Better: Effective Altruism and a Radical New Way to Make a Difference.[5][6] MacAskill is the co-founder and president of 80,000 Hours, a nonprofit which conducts research on careers with positive social impact and provides career advice.[7] Initially, the organization recommended earning to give as a career path with a high impact potential for effective altruists,[8][9] though more recently it has deemphasised this approach, in favour of alternative paths like research, advocacy or policy reform.[10][11]

Many of the people who practice earning to give consider themselves to be part of the effective altruism community.[1][12][13] Some donate up to 50% of their income, more than the 10% required for the basic Giving What We Can pledge.[13][1] They may live frugally to donate more money.[13] Jobs in finance, particularly in quantitative trading,[14] are popular for those pursuing earning to give.[12][1]

David Brooks criticized the concept in his New York Times opinion column, arguing that, while altruists may start doing "earning to give" to realize their deepest commitments, their values may erode over time, becoming progressively less altruistic.[15] Similarly, John Humphrys criticised this idea on the BBC Today programme, saying that people interested in becoming wealthy tend to be selfish and that idealistic young people will become cynical as they age.[16] In addition, Brooks objected to the view on which altruists should turn themselves "into a machine for the redistribution of wealth."[15] Peter Singer responded to these criticisms in his book The Most Good You Can Do by giving examples of people who have been earning to give for years without losing their altruistic motivation.[17] William MacAskill also defended the practice against Brooks' criticisms in The Washington Post, arguing that even Friedrich Engels was earning to give to support the work of anti-capitalist Karl Marx financially.[6] Dana Goldstein has also criticized earning to give, prompting a response from Reihan Salam.[18]

Another concern was raised in the Oxford Left Review by Pete Mills, who wrote that lucrative careers perpetuate an unjust system.[19]

Earning to give has been discussed in a number of news and media outlets including BBC News,[20] Quartz,[21] the Washington Post,[6][9] the New York Times,[15][22] The Atlantic,[23] The Guardian,[24] and Aeon Magazine.[25]

• Jeff Kaufman, 'History of earning to give', parts 1, 2, 3