ELA-1
ELA-1, short for Ensemble de Lancement Ariane 1 (French for Ariane Launch Area 1), now named Ensemble de Lancement Vega (short ELV), is a launch pad at the Centre Spatial Guyanais in French Guiana. It has been used to support launches of the Europa rocket, Ariane 1, Ariane 3, and is currently used to launch Vega rockets.[1]
Vega rocket on launch pad before the launch of Sentinel-2A in June 2015 | |||||||||||
Launch site | Guiana Space Centre | ||||||||||
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Location | 5.236°N 52.775°W | ||||||||||
Short name | CECLES, ELA-1, ELV | ||||||||||
Operator | European Space Agency CNES | ||||||||||
Total launches | 41 1 Europa 11 Ariane 1 5 Ariane 2 9 Ariane 3 15 Vega | ||||||||||
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History
Europa (BEC)
ELA-1, at the time designated Base Équatoriale du CECLES (BEC) was constructed as an equatorial launch site for the Europa-II rocket which was being built as part of the ELDO programme. The first launch occurred on 5 November 1971. This was the only flight of the Europa-II, which ended in failure due to a guidance problem. The launch site was mothballed, and later demolished.
Ariane (ELA)
When the Ariane 1 programme was started, to replace the failed ELDO programme, a new launch site was built on the site of the former CECLES pad. This was designated Ensemble de Lancement Ariane (ELA). The first Ariane 1 launch occurred on 24 December 1979. ELA was also used by Ariane 2 and 3 rockets, which first flew on 31 May 1986 and 4 August 1984 respectively. ELA was redesignated ELA-1 when the Ariane 4 entered service in 1988, as this launched from a separate launch pad, designated ELA-2. The Ariane 1 was retired on 22 February 1986, the Ariane 2 on 2 April 1989, and the Ariane 3 on 12 July 1989. ELA was subsequently demolished.
Vega (ELV)
In November 2001 started the redevelopment of the pad to accommodate the Vega rocket and the ELA-1 was redesignated Ensemble de Lancement Vega (ELV).[2] The reconstruction retained the Ariane 1 flame trench and added a new 50m tall retractable vertical assembly building to cover rocket during the preparation, four lighting protection masts and a new launch tower for the rocket. The launchpad is sometimes also designated as Site de Lancement Vega (SLV) and Zone de Lancement Vega (ZLV). Vega made its first launch from the complex on 13 February 2012.
Launch History
N° | Date | Flight | Launcher | Payload | Result | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | November 5, 1971 | F-11 | Europa 2 | satellite mockup | Failure | [3] |
2 | December 24, 1979 | L-1 | Ariane 1 | CAT-1 | Success | [4] |
3 | May 23, 1980 | L-2 | Firewheel Subsat-1,2,3,4 Amsat P3A CAT 2 |
Failure | [4] | |
4 | June 19, 1981 | L-3 | Meteosat 2 Apple CAT 3 |
Success | [4] | |
5 | December 20, 1981 | L-4 | MARECS 1 CAT 4 |
Success | [4] | |
6 | September 10, 1982 | L-5 | MARECS B Sirio 2 |
Failure | [4] | |
7 | June 16, 1983 | L-6 | ECS 1 Amsat P3B (Oscar 10) |
Success | [4] | |
8 | October 19, 1983 | L-7 | Intelsat 507 | Success | [4] | |
9 | March 5, 1984 | L-8 | Intelsat 508 | Success | [4][5] | |
10 | May 23, 1984 | V-9 | Spacenet F1 | Success | [4][5] | |
11 | August 4, 1984 | V-10 | Ariane 3 | Eutelsat 2 Telecom 1A |
Success | [5][6] |
12 | November 10, 1984 | V-11 | Spacenet F2 MARECS 2 |
Success | [5][6] | |
13 | February 8, 1985 | V-12 | Arabsat 1A Brasilsat A1 |
Success | [5][6] | |
14 | May 8, 1985 | V-13 | GStar 1 Télécom 1B |
Success | [5][6] | |
15 | July 2, 1985 | V-14 | Ariane 1 | Giotto | Success | [4][5] |
16 | September 12, 1985 | V-15 | Ariane 3 | Spacenet 3 ECS 3 |
Failure | [5][6][7] |
17 | February 22, 1986 | V-16 | Ariane 1 | SPOT 1 Viking |
Success | [4][5][7] |
Flight V-17 (Ariane 3) was the first flight to launch from ELA-2 on 28 March 1986 [6][8] | ||||||
18 | May 31, 1986 | V-18 | Ariane 2 | Intelsat V-A F 14 | Failure | [5][7][9] |
19 | September 16, 1987 | V-19 | Ariane 3 | Aussat A3 ECS 4 |
Success | [5][6][7] |
Flight V-20 (Ariane 2) launched from ELA-2 on 20 November 1987 [7][8][9] | ||||||
20 | March 11, 1988 | V-21 | Ariane 3 | Spacenet 3R Télécom 1C |
Success | [5][6][7] |
Flight V-22 (Maiden flight Ariane 4) launched from ELA-2 on 15 June 1988 [5][7][8] | ||||||
21 | May 17, 1988 | V-23 | Ariane 2 | Intelsat V-A F 13 | Success | [5][7][9] |
22 | July 21, 1988 | V-24 | Ariane 3 | Insat 1C ECS 5 |
Success | [5][6][7] |
Flight V-25 (Ariane 3) launched from ELA-2 on 8 September 1988 [6][7][8] | ||||||
23 | October 28, 1988 | V-26 | Ariane 2 | TDF 1 | Success | [5][7][9] |
24 | January 27, 1989 | V-28 | Intelsat V-A F 15 | Success | [5][7][9] | |
25 | April 2, 1989 | V-30 | Tele-X | Success | [5][7][9] | |
26 | July 11, 1989 | V-32 | Ariane 3 | Olympus 1 | Success | [5][6][7] |
Flights V27, V29 and V31 were launched from ELA-2. V27, V29 and V31 were all operated by Ariane 4 rockets[8] | ||||||
From July 1989 until February 2012, no rockets were launched from ELA-1. As an alternative, ELA-2 and ELA-3 were used. In November 2001 construction works started to prepare the pad for the lightweight Vega rocket. | ||||||
27 | 13 February 2012 | VV-01 | Vega |
|
Success | [10] |
28 | 7 May 2013 | VV-02 |
|
Success | [10] | |
29 | 30 April 2014 | VV-03 | KazEOSat-1 | Success | [10] | |
30 | 11 February 2015 | VV-04 | IVX | Success | [10] | |
31 | 23 June 2015 | VV-05 | Sentinel-2A | Success | [10] | |
32 | 3 December 2015 | VV-06 | LISA Pathfinder | Success | [10] | |
33 | 16 September 2016 | VV-07 | PeruSat-1 / 4 Terra Bella satellites | Success | [10] | |
34 | 5 December 2016 | VV-08 | Göktürk-1A | Success | [10] | |
35 | 9 March 2017 | VV-09 | Sentinel-2B | Success | [10] | |
36 | 2 August 2017 | VV-10 | OPTSAT-3000 VENµS | Success | ||
37 | 8 November 2017 | VV-11 | 2 MN35-13 satellites | Success | ||
38 | 22 August 2018 | VV-12 | ADM-Aeolus | Success | ||
39 | 21 November 2018 | VV-13 | Mohammed VI-B | Success | ||
40 | 22 March 2019 | VV-14 | PRISMA | Success | ||
41 | 11 July 2019 | VV-15 | Falcon Eye 1 | Failure | ||
Situation on 28 November 2019
See also
References
- "Operations". Arianespace. Retrieved 2015-12-31.
- "BEC, ELA, ELV, d'EUROPA à VEGA" (in French). Capcomespace. Retrieved 2018-08-23.
- "Europa". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-12-31.
- "Ariane 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 2015-12-31.
- "Kourou ELA 1". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-12-31.
- "Ariane 3". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 2015-12-31.
- Harvey, Brian (February 14, 2003). "List of European space launchings". Europe's Space Programme: To Ariane and Beyond. Book Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 358–361. ISBN 978-1-852-33722-3.
- "Kourou ELA-2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 2010-02-01. Retrieved 2015-12-31.
- "Ariane 2". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Retrieved 2015-12-31.
- "Vega Milestones". Arianespace. Retrieved 2015-12-31.