Duru languages
The Duru languages are a group of Savanna languages spoken in northern Cameroon and eastern Nigeria. They were labeled "G4" in Joseph Greenberg's Adamawa language-family proposal.
| Duru | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | northern Cameroon, eastern Nigeria |
| Linguistic classification | Niger–Congo
|
| Subdivisions |
|
| Glottolog | samb1323[1] |
Kleinewillinghöfer (2012) also observes many morphological similarities between the Samba-Duru and Central Gur languages.[2]
Languages
- Duli (extinct)
- Dii: Duupa, Dugun (Panõ), Dii (Mambe’, Mamna’a, Goom, Boow, Ngbang, Sagzee, Vaazin, Home, Nyok)
- Peere (Kutin)
- Longto (Voko)
- Vere–Dowayo
However, Guldemann (2018) casts doubt on the coherence of Samba–Duru as a unified group.[3]
Classification
In the Adamawa Languages Project site, Kleinewillinghöfer (2015) classifies the Samba-Duru group as follows (see also Leko languages).[4]
- Samba-Duru
- Vere (Verre)[5]
- Jango (Mom Jango)[6]
- Vere cluster (Momi, Vere Kaadam)
- Wɔmmu (Wongi, Wɔŋgi)
- Nissim-Eilim
- Kobom, Karum (Vere Kari), Danum
- Vɔmnəm (Koma Vomni)
- Gəunəm cluster: Yarəm, Lim, Gbaŋrɨm, Baidəm, Zanəm, Ləələm, etc.
- Damtəm (Koma Damti), etc.
- Gəmme (Gimme) (Koma)[7]
- Gəmnəm (Gəmnime, Gimnime): Beiya, Gindoo; Riitime
- Gəmme (Kompana, Panme): Yəgme, Dehnime; Baanime
- Doyayo (Dooya̰a̰yɔ)[8]: Markɛ; Tɛ̰ɛ̰rɛ (of Poli); Tɛ̰ɛ̰rɛ (of the mountains)
- Duru
- Dii cluster
- Dugun (Paape, Sa)
- Duupa (Paape)
- Pɛrɛ (Pere, Kutin): Gaziwaːlɛ, Nɔlti), ˀAːlti; Zɔŋ Pɛrɛ (Potopo)
- Lɔŋto (Voko, Woko)
- Samba (Samba Leeko, Leko)
Names and locations
Below is a list of language names, populations, and locations from Blench (2019).[10]
| Language | Cluster | Dialects | Alternate spellings | Own name for language | Other names (location-based) | Other names for language | Speakers | Location(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mom Jango | Mom Jango | Vere (see also Momĩ, Were, Verre, Kobo (in Cameroon) | 20,000 total (including Momĩ, 4,000 in Cameroon (1982 SIL) | Adamawa State, Fufore LGA | ||||
| Momi | Ziri | Vere (this also includes Mom Jango, q.v.), Were, Verre, Kobo (in Cameroon) | 20,000 total (including Mom Jango), 4,000 in Cameroon (1982 SIL) | Adamawa State, Yola and Fufore LGAs; and in Cameroon | ||||
| Koma cluster | Koma | The correspondences between the Cameroonian and Nigerian names are uncertain | Kuma, Koma (a Fulfulde cover term for Gomme, Gomnome, Ndera; ALCAM treats them as separate though closely related languages) | 3,000 (1982 SIL); majority in Cameroon | Adamawa State, Ganye and Fufore LGAs, in the Alantika Mountains; also in Cameroon | |||
| Gomme | Koma | Gәmme | Damti, Koma Kampana, Panbe | |||||
| Gomnome | Koma | Gọmnọme | Mbeya, Gimbe, Koma Kadam, Laame, Youtubo | |||||
| Ndera | Koma | Vomni, Doome, Doobe |
Footnotes
- Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Samba Duru". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2012). Correlations of the Noun Class Systems of Central Adamawa and Proto Central Gur.
- Güldemann, Tom (2018). "Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa". In Güldemann, Tom (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of Africa. The World of Linguistics series. 11. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 58–444. doi:10.1515/9783110421668-002. ISBN 978-3-11-042606-9.
- Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2015. Samba-Duru group. Adamawa Languages Project.
- https://www.blogs.uni-mainz.de/fb07-adamawa/files/2015/06/Vere-group-100-.pdf
- Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). Notes on Jango (Mom Jango).
- Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). Gimme-Vere and Doyayo: Comparative Wordlists.
- Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich (2015). Doyayo.
- Littig, Sabine (2017). Kolbila: Geography and history.
- Blench, Roger (2019). An Atlas of Nigerian Languages (4th ed.). Cambridge: Kay Williamson Educational Foundation.
References
- Roger Blench, 2004. List of Adamawa languages (ms)
External links
- Samba-Duru (Adamawa Languages Project)
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