Duke of Silesia

The Duke of Silesia was the sons and descendants of the Polish Duke Bolesław III Wrymouth. In accordance with the last will and testament of Bolesław, upon his death his lands were divided into four or five hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Kraków reserved for the eldest, who was to be High Duke of all Poland. This was known as the fragmentation of Poland. Subsequent developments lead to further splintering of the duchies.

At the beginning of the 14th century, fourteen independent Duchies existed in Silesia: Brzeg, Wrocław, Świdnica, Jawor, Ziębice, Głogów, Ścinawa, Żagan and Oleśnica in Lower Silesia; Koźle, Cieszyn, Bytom, Niemodlin, Opole, Strzelce, Racibórz and Opava in Upper Silesia and the ecclesiastical Duchy of Nysa. Between 1327 and 1329 most dukes accepted the overlordship of Bohemian king John of Bohemia, who acquired the right of succession for all of these duchies. In the coming centuries all branches of the Silesian Piasts died out, and with the death of George William, Duke of Liegnitz the dynasty ceased to exist.

Duchy of Silesia

The Duchy of Silesia, one of the hereditary provinces of Poland, Silesia, was granted to Bolesław III's eldest son, Władysław II the Exile, and was subsequently divided among his sons Bolesław I the Tall (Wrocław/Lower Silesia), Mieszko I Tanglefoot (Racibórz/Upper Silesia) and Konrad Spindleshanks (Głogów). After Konrad's death Głogów was again united with the Duchy of Wrocław/Lower Silesia.

Dukes of Silesia

Piast Dynasty
RulerBornReignDeathRuling PartNotes
Władysław the Exile11051138–114630 May 1159Silesiaalso monarch of Poland
exiled by his brothers
Bolesław the Curly11251146–11635 January 1173Silesiabrother of Wladyslaw II
also Duke of Masovia and monarch of Poland

Partitions of Silesia

In 1173 Bolesław returned and he agreed to let Mieszko and Bolesław rule in their own Duchies, separated from the Duchy of Silesia. This led to the creation of the Duchy of Racibórz for Mieszko I and the Duchy of Opole for Jarosław, beginning the fragmentation of the Duchy of Silesia. The territories controlled by Mieszko I and Jarosław roughly corresponded to what is known as Upper Silesia, while the territories remaining with Bolesław I roughly corresponded to Lower Silesia.

Lower Silesia

Duchy of Lower Silesia was a direct continuation of the Duchy of Silesia, but without the territories roughly corresponding to Upper Silesia; hence it was composed of the territories roughly corresponding to Lower Silesia. Some sources refer to it as the Duchy of Silesia; some as Duchy of Lower Silesia; others yet as the Duchy of Wrocław (Breslau). Wrocław was the capital of the Duchy of Silesia, yet this early (1172–1248) Duchy of Silesia should not be confused with the smaller Duchy of Wrocław that was created with further fragmentation in 1248. The Duchy went through various border changes in the coming years, sometimes losing and sometimes gaining territory. In 1248 Lower Silesia was divided when Bolesław II had to cede the Duchy of Wrocław to his younger brother Henry III.

Upper Silesia

Upper Silesia was divided into the Duchies of Cieszyn, and Opole-Racibórz. In 1340 the Duchy of Racibórz was united with Opava, a Bohemian fief.

Partition table

       Below follows a simplified table of Silesia's partitions:

Duchy of Silesia
(1138-1163)
Lower Silesia
(1163-1241)		 Opole-Racibórz
(1st creation)
(1163-1282)
             
Wrocław
(1241-1335)		       
Żagań
(1st creation)
(1274-1304)		 Głogów
(1st creation)
(1274-1331)		 Świdnica-Jawor
(divided into Świdnica and Jawor 1312-1346)
(1274-1392)		       
Legnica
(1st creation)
(1241-1413)		        Cieszyn
(1281-1653)
Opole
(1282-1521)		 Bytom
(1282-1357)		 Racibórz
(1282-1336)
      
Żagań
(2nd creation)
(1309-1318)		       
       Oleśnica
(1312-1492)		        Ziębice
(1312-1442)
       Oświęcim
(1315-1457)
      
             
Żagań
(3rd creation)
(1321-1504)		 Annexed by Bohemia
Annexed by Bohemia
Annexed by Bohemia
(recovered in 1521)
Part of Jawor
(1337-1346)
       Brzeg
(1st creation)
(1342-1392)
(divided (1358–68) in two halves, one of them was part of Świdnica-Jawor)
Annexed by Bohemia
(Żagań recovered Half 1 1349; Świdnica-Jawor Half 2 1360)
       Lubin
(1st creation)
(1348-1446)
             
       Shared rule by Oleśnica and Cieszyn
(1357-1459)

Part of Oleśnica
(1459-1498)

(recovered for Opole 1498)
       Part of reunified Świdnica-Jawor
(1360-1368)
       Annexed by Bohemia
(Half 2 recovered 1384)
       Głogów
(Half 1, 2nd creation)
(1378-1403)
Part of Cieszyn
(1384-1404)
Annexed by Bohemia       
       Oława
(1st creation)
(1400-1431)		 Brzeg
(2nd creation)
(1400-1443)
      
Głogów
(Half 2, 2nd creation)
(1404-1406)
Part of Cieszyn
(1406-1442)
       Głogów
(Half 1, 3rd creation)
(1412-1480)
Part of Brzeg
(1413-1443)
      
       Oława
(2nd creation)
(1441-1454)
Głogów
(Half 2, 3rd creation)
(1442-1460)		 Annexed by Bohemia
Legnica
(2nd creation)
(1443-1449)		 Part of Lubin
(1443-1450)
       Zator
(1445-1513)
Part of Głogów
(Half 1)
(1446-1482)
Annexed by Bohemia
      
Annexed by Bohemia Legnica
(3rd creation)
(1454-1596)		 Part of Legnica
(1454-1482)
(reunited with Legnica 1482)
      
Part of Cieszyn
(1460-1477)
Głogów
(Half 2, 4th creation)
(1477-1480)
Głogów
(reunited)
(1480-1488)'
             
Annexed by Poland        Brzeg
(3rd creation)
(1488-1503)
Annexed by Bohemia
      
      
Annexed by Saxony
       Brzeg
(4th creation)
(1505-1521)
Annexed by Poland
Lubin
(2nd creation)
(1521-1550)		 Part of Legnica
(1521-1547)		 Opole-Racibórz
(2nd creation)
(1521-1532)
Annexed by Brandenburg-Ansbach
Brzeg
(5th creation)
(1547-1664)
      
       Oława
(3rd creation)
(1586-1595)
      
      
       Oława
(4th creation)
(1602-1605)
      
Legnica
(4th creation)
(1612-1672)		       
Annexed by the Holy Roman Empire
      
Annexed by the Holy Roman Empire Oława
(5th creation)
(1672-1680)
Annexed by the Holy Roman Empire

Dukes of Lower and Upper Silesia

A quick reminder avoiding confusion:

Lower SilesiaUpper Silesia
Duchy of Wrocław
Duchy of Legnica
Duchy of Głogów
Duchy of Świdnica-Jawor
Duchy of Wrocław
Duchy of Oleśnica
Duchy of Opole-Racibórz (divided after 1282)
Duchy of Cieszyn
Duchy of Bytom

Duchy of Oświęcim
Duchy of Zator

Piast Dynasty
RulerBornReignDeathRuling partConsortNotes
Boleslaus I the Tall11271163–12018 December 1201Lower SilesiaZvenislava of Kiev
1142
two children

Christina
1157
seven children
Mieszko I Tanglefoot11301163–12116 May 1211Opole-Racibórz (Upper Silesia)Ludmila
between 1170 and 1178
five children		First Duke of Opole-Raciborz, emerged from Silesia with the Duchy of Lower Silesia.
Casimir I1179/801211–123013 May 1230Opole-Racibórz (Upper Silesia)Viola
between 1212 and 1220
four children
Henry I the Bearded 11651201–1238 19 March 1238Lower Silesia Hedwig of Andechs
1188
seven children		 Also monarch of Poland. From 1230 served as regent for Casimir I of Opole's son, Mieszko.
1230–1238
(as regent)		Opole-Racibórz (Upper Silesia)
Henry II the Pious 11961238–1241 9 April 1241Lower Silesia Anna of Bohemia
1216
ten children		 Also monarch of Poland. Until 1239 served as regent for Casimir I of Opole's son, Mieszko.
1238–1239
(as regent)		Opole-Racibórz (Upper Silesia)
Mieszko II the Fat12201239-124622 October 1246Opole-Racibórz (Upper Silesia)Judith of Masovia
c.1239-1240
no children
Anna of Bohemia (regent) 1203 1241–1242 26 June 1265Lower Silesia Henry II the Pious
1216
ten children		 She served as regent for her children during approximately a year, when they reached majority and divided the land.
Henry III the White[1]1227 or 12301242–12663 December 1266WrocławJudith of Masovia
2 June 1252
two children

Helena of Saxony
before 1266
no children		Son of Henry II the Pious
Boleslaus II the Baldc. 1220/51242–127826–31 December 1278LegnicaHedwig of Anhalt
1242
seven children

Euphemia of Pomerelia
1261
(annulled 1277)
no children

Sophia of Dyhrn
(morganatic)
1277
no children		Brother of Henry III the White. He gained Legnica in the partition of 1248.
Ladislaus I12251246–128227 August or 13 September 1282Opole-Racibórz (Upper Silesia)Euphemia of Greater Poland
1251
five children		In 1282 Opole-Raciborz was divided in various duchies, to the four sons of Władysław.
Conrad I[2]1228/311251-12746 August 1274GłogówSalome of Greater Poland
1249
six children

Sophie of Landsberg
1271
no children		First duke of Głogów. Brother of Henry III the White and Boleslaw II the Bald.
Henry IV the Just[3]1257/12581266–129023 June 1290WrocławConstance of Opole
March 1280
no children

Matilda of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
c. 1288
no children		also monarch of Poland.
Henry V the Fat[4] 1248 1273–1278 22 February 1296 Świdnica-Jawor Elisabeth of Greater Poland
1277
eight children		 Son of Boleslaus II, was made first Duke of Świdnica-Jawor in his father's lifetime. After Boleslaus II's death, he gave this duchy to his brother Boleslaus III to inherit Legnica. In 1290 after the death of the childless Henry IV, he also inherited Wrocław.
1278–1290Legnica
1290–1296Wrocław and Legnica
Przemko I[5]1252/651274-128426 February 1289ŻagańUnmarriedŻagań emerged in 1274 from Głogów.
Bolko I the Strict[6] 1252/61278–1301 9 November 1301Świdnica-Jawor Beatrice of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
4 October 1284
Berlin
ten children		 Ruled jointly with his brother, Bernard I. In 1296 was appointed regent for his nephews, sons of Henry V.
1296–1301
as regent		Wrocław and Legnica
Bernard I the Lightsome1253/71278–128625 April 1286Świdnica-JaworUnmarriedjointly with Bolko I.
Premislaus12 June 12681282–13067 May 1306RacibórzAnna of Masovia
between 1289 and 1290
three children		 Sons of Ladislaus I, ruled jointly until 1290, when Mieszko founded his own duchy, Cieszyn.
Mieszko I[7] 1252/6 1282–1290 27 June 1315| Racibórz Unknown
between 1275 and 1280
three children
1290-1315Cieszyn
Bolko [Boleslaus] I[8]before 21 October 12581282-131314 May 1313OpoleGrimislava?
before 1286

Agnes
c.1280
three children		 Sons of Ladislaus I, ruled jointly. In 1284, they divided the land: Boleslaus retained Opole and Casimir received Bytom, as its first duke.
Casimir[9] 1253/7 1282–1284 10 March 1312 Opole Helena
between 1275 and 1278
six children
1284-1312Bytom
Conrad II the Hunchback[10]1252/651284-130411 October 1304ŻagańUnmarriedBrother of Przemko. Also Duke of Głogów.
Heinrich, Bishop of Würben (regent)Before 13011301–130223 September 1319Wrocław and LegnicaUnmarried Regent, with Bolko I the Strict, in name of Boleslaus the Generous, eldest child of Henry the Fat.
Wenceslaus II of Bohemia (regent)27 September 12711302–130521 June 1305Wrocław and LegnicaJudith of Habsburg
January 1285
ten children

Elizabeth Richeza of Poland
26 May 1303
Prague
one child
Boleslaus III the Generous 23 September 12911305–1311 21 April 1352Wrocław and Legnica Margaret of Bohemia
1318
three children

Katharina of Croatia
1326
no children		 Freed from regency at fourteen, Boleslaus ruled with his younger brothers, Henry and Ladislaus, until 1311, when they divided the land. He received Legnica, together with Ladislaus. After a year of co-rulership, Boleslaus expelled Ladislaus and excluded him from government. Becoming sole ruler, he created, in 1312, the Duchy of Brzeg, which ruled until his death, Abdicating of Legnica for his son in 1342. Henry received Wrocław, but, in 1327 having no male heirs, signed a contract of inheritance with King John of Bohemia and upon his death the Duchy of Wrocław fell to the Kingdom of Bohemia.
1312–1342Legnica
1312–1352Brzeg
Ladislaus I 6 June 12961305–1311 after 13 January 1352Wrocław and Legnica Anna of Masovia
1325
(annulled 1329)
no children
1311–1312Legnica
Henry VI the Good[11] 18 March 12941305–1311 24 November 1335Wrocław and Legnica Anna of Austria
1310
three children
1311–1335Wrocław
Annexation to the Kingdom of Bohemia
Henry III[1][12] 1251/601274–1304 3 December 1309Głogów Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg
March 1291
nine children		 Son of Conrad I. Ruling Głogów since 1274, united it with Żagań after his brother's death, but after his own death the lands are again divided.
1304–1309Głogów and Żagań
Leszek12921306–13361336RacibórzAgnes of Głogów-Żagań
1332
no children		Son of Przemysław I. After his death in 1336, Raciborz was annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Annexation to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1306–1521)
Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg12761309-131826 April 1318GłogówHenry III
March 1291
nine children		Widow of Henry III.
Henry IV the Faithful[13] 1292 1309–1318 22 January 1342 Żagań Matilda of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
5 January 1310
four children		 Sons of Henry III, inherited, together, Żagań. In 1312, Conrad and Boleslaus created their own duchy with its capital in Oleśnica, becoming the first dukes of Oleśnica. The death of Boleslaus left Conrad as sole ruler of his duchy. Henry and Premislaus continued the joint rule. They reunited again, and as their father did, the two duchies of the paternal inheritance after the death of their mother. In 1321 the two brothers made new partitions. From 1321, Henry ruled Żagań and Premislaus ruled Głogów. After the childless death of Premislaus, his duchy was briefly annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
1318–1321Głogów and Żagań
1321–1342Żagań
Przemko II[14] 1305 1318–1321 11 January 1331 Żagań Constance of Świdnica
1326
no children
1318–1321Głogów and Żagań
1321–1331Głogów
Conrad I[15] 1294 1309–1312 22 December 1366 Żagań Elisabeth of Wroclaw
10 January 1322
no children

Euphemia of Bytom
2 March 1333
two children
1312–1366Oleśnica
Boleslaus I[16] 1295 1309–1312 before 23 April 1321 Żagań Unmarried
1312–1321Oleśnica
Annexation to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1331–1337)
Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel (regent)12751301–13051 February 1308Świdnica-JaworAnna of Austria
1295
three children		Regent in name of his nephews, sons of Bolko I, Henry and Bernard.
Bernard II12911305–13266 May 1326Świdnica-Jawor (1301–1312)

Świdnica (1312–1326)		Kunigunde of Poland
1310
five children		 Henry and Bernard ruled together until 1312, then divided the land between them. Henry kept also Głogów, which he recovered from Bohemia. However, Głogów returns to Bohemian control after Henry's death.
Henry I[17] 1292/61305–1337 before 15 May 1346Świdnica-Jawor (1301–1312)

Jawor (1312–1337)		 Agnes of Bohemia
1316
no children
1337–1346Jawor and Głogów
Annexation to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1346–1349/60)
In 1349 Henry V of Iron (son of Henry the Fatithful) recovered half of the inheritance of his uncle Przemko in Głogów from Bohemia; the other half was given to Przemko's widow, Constance, in 1360.
Siemowit12921312–1316after 1 July 1342BytomUnmarriedSon of Casimir. Deposed in 1316.
Bolko [Boleslaus] II[8]before 13001313–135621 June 1356OpoleElisabeth of Świdnica
6 May 1326
seven children		 Sons of Bolko I, ruled jointly.
Albertafter 13001313–132325 September 1373OpoleAgnes of Magdeburg
1347
one child
Casimir I[18]1280/901315–135829 September 1358CieszynEuphemia of Czersk-Warsaw
1321
nine children
Ladislaus I[19]1275/801315–132415 May 1324OświęcimEuphrosyne of Masovia
c. 1304
two children		First Duke of Oświęcim, which emerged from Cieszyn.
Ladislaus I[19]1277/831316–13528 September 1352BytomBeatrice of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
21 September 1308
two children

Ludgarda of Mecklenburg
6 October 1328
six children		Brother of Siemowit. Ruled jointly with his brother George until 1327.
George I13001316–13271327BytomUnmarriedRuled jointly with his brother Ladislaus.
Bolko II[20]1 February 13001322–134111 June 1341ZiębiceBonne of Savoy-Vaud
21 November 1321
two children		First duke of Ziębice. Son of Bolko the Strict.
Euphrosyne of Masovia (regent)12921324–13251328/9OświęcimLadislaus I
c. 1304
two children		Regent in name of her son.
John I the Scholastic1308/101325–137229 September 1372OświęcimUnknown
one child

Salome Reuss von Plauen
after 12 July 1359
three children
Nicholas I the Small13271341–135823 April 1358ZiębiceAgnes Krusina zu Lichtemburka
23 October 1343
six children
Henry V of Iron[21] 1319 1342–1349 after 8 April 1369 Żagań Anna of Płock
6 September 1337
five children		 Son of Henry IV the Faithful. In 1349 1st half of Głogów reemerges from Bohemia to be annexed by Żagań line of the Piasts.
1349–1369Żagań and Głogów (1st half)
Katharina of Croatia?1352-1358before 5 March 1358BrzegBoleslaus III the Generous
1326
no children		Widow. After her death the duchy was divided between Louis the Fair (her stepson) and Bolko the Small.
Boleslaus I[22]13301352–13554 October 1355Bytom 14 February 1347
three children		 Son of Ladislaus IV. After his death his widow inherited the duchy. In 1357 the duchy was divided in two parts, being one annexed by the Duchy of Oleśnica, and the other annexed by the Duchy of Cieszyn.
Margareta of Sternberg?1355–1357after 5 June 1365Bytom
Definitive annexation to the duchies of Oleśnica and Cieszyn
Ladislaus II[23]13321356–139618 May 1401OpoleElisabeth of Wallachia
c. 1355
three children

Euphemia of Masovia
1369
two children		 Sons of Bolko II, ruled jointly.
Henry[24]before 18 August 13381356–1365before 23 October 1365OpoleUnmarried
Bolko III[25]13371356–137021 October 1382OpoleAnna of Oświęcim
c. 1355
five children
Bolko III[25]13481358–141013 June 1410ZiębiceEuphemia of Bytom
1369
eight children		 Sons of Nicholas I, ruled jointly.
Henry I[26]13501358–1366after 8 August 1366ZiębiceUnmarried
Constance of Świdnica13131360–136121 November 1363Głogów (2nd half)Przemko II
1326
no children		In 1360 Half 2 of Głogów reemerges from Bohemia to be given to Constance, widow of Przemko II. She renounces the title in favour of her brother Bolko II.
Bolko II the Small[27] 13121326–1361 28 July 1368Świdnica (1326–1346)

Świdnica-Jawor (1346–1361)		 Agnes of Austria
1 June 1338
no children		 Sons of Bernard II, ruled jointly until Henry's death in 1343. In 1346, after his uncle Henry I's death with no male heirs, he reunites Świdnica-Jawor in one duchy. Bolko also bought half of Brzeg in 1358. Brother of Constance, widow duchess of Głogów, inherited part of the duchy from her. After his death in 1368, the half of Głogów returned the Kingdom of Bohemia, and the half of Brzeg to Louis the Fair.
1358–1361 Brzeg (2nd half)
1361–1368Świdnica-Jawor, Brzeg (2nd half) and Głogów (2nd half)
Annexation of 2nd half to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1368–1384)
Henry II13161334–134328 June 1345ŚwidnicaKatharina of Hungary
1 June 1338
one child
Wenceslaus I13181342–13642 June 1364LegnicaAnna of Cieszyn
c.1338
five children		 Sons of Boleslaus IV, ruled jointly until 1346, when Louis created his own duchy, Lubin, which he ruled until his death. In 1358 inherited half of Brzeg from his stepmother Katharina. Reunited Brzeg after the death of the owner of the other part, Bolko the Small (1368).
Louis I the Fair 1321 1342–1346 6–23 December 1398 Legnica Agnes of Głogów-Żagań
1341
six children
1348–1398Lubin
1358–1398Brzeg (1st half, 1358–1368)

Brzeg (1368–1398)
Henry VII the Courageous[28] 1343/5 1361–1398 11 July 1399 Brzeg (1st half, 1358–1368)

Brzeg (1368–1398)		 Helena of Orlamunde
1369
one child

Margaret of Masovia
July 1379
one child		 Duke of Brzeg jointly with his father Louis I, inherited Lubin from him.
1398–1399Brzeg and Lubin
Rupert I27 March 13471364–1409before 12 January 1409LegnicaHedwig of Zagan
10 February 1372
two children		 Sons of Wenceslaus I, ruled jointly.
Wenceslaus II13481364–141330 December 1419LegnicaUnmarried
Boleslaus IV13491364–13943/4 March 1394LegnicaUnmarried
Henry VIII[29]13551364–139812 December 1398LegnicaUnmarried
Conrad II the Gray[30]13401366–140310 June 1403OleśnicaAgnes of Cieszyn
23 February 1354
one child		Son of Conrad I.
Agnes of Austria13221368–13922 February 1392Świdnica-JaworBolko II the Small
1 June 1338
no children		Widow, succeeded her husband according to his will. After her death the duchy was annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Annexation to the Kingdom of Bohemia
Henry VI the Older[31] before 13451369–1378 5 December 1393Żagań and Głogów (1st half) Hedwig of Legnica
10 February 1372
no children		 Sons of Henry V, ruled jointly until 1378. In that year, they made partitions: Henry VI retained Żagań and Henry VII the half of Głogów. Henry VIII received a few towns, but he eventually succeeded his heirless brother Henry VII in 1395.
1378–1393Żagań
Henry VII Rumpold[32] 13501369–1378 24 December 1395Żagań and Głogów (1st half) Unmarried
1378–1395Głogów (Half 1)
Henry VIII the Sparrow[33] 13571369–1378 14 March 1397Żagań and Głogów (1st half) Katharina of Opole
1382
five children
1395-1397Głogów (1st half)
John II1344/511372–137619 February 1376OświęcimHedwig of Brieg
1366
three children		Son of John I.
John III13661376–140519 August 1405OświęcimHedwig of Lithuania
1394
no children		Son of John II. Left no descendants. The duchy went to a son of Premislaus IV.
Premislaus I Noszak 1332/61358–1410 23 May 1410Cieszyn Elisabeth of Bytom
1360
three children		 Upper Duke of Cieszyn, in 1284 recovered part of the Lower Silesian duchy of Głogów from Bohemia. Abdicated of Głogów for his son, Premislaus, in 1404, but recovered it in 1406.
1384–1404

1406–1410		Głogów (2nd half)
Premislaus The Younger[34] 1362 1404–1406 1 January 1406 Głogów (2nd half) Unknown
one child		 Received, in his father's lifetime, the duchy of Głogów. In the next year also inherited Oświęcim from John III. Preceded his father in death, but left descendants to rule in Oświęcim, while Głogów returned to his father.
1405–1406Oświęcim
Hedwig of Legnica13511393–14031 August 1409ŻagańHenry VI the Older
10 February 1372
no children		Widow of Henry VI.
Bolko IV[35]1363/71396–14376 May 1437OpoleMargaret of Gorizia
1398
five children		 Sons of Bolko III, ruled jointly. In 1422, Bolko V, Bolko IV's son, joined the co-rulership, but abdicated two years after, to rule Niemodlin and Strzelce, vassal towns of Opole.
Bishop Jan Kropidło1360/41396–14213 March 1421OpoleUnmarried
Bernard I[36]1374/81396–14002/4 April 1455OpoleHedwig of Melsztyna
two children
Bolko V the Hussite[35]c.14001422–142429 May 1460OpoleElisabeth Granowski
c. 1418
one child
John I[37] 1385 1397–1412 12 April 1439 Głogów (1st half) Scholastika of Saxe-Wittenberg
c.1405
ten children		 Sons of Henry VI, ruled jointly in the half of Głogów, inherited from their uncle Henry VIII. In 1403 inherited Żagań from their mother Hedwig. In 1412 divided the land between them. After the partition, John ruled alone in Żagań, and the other brothers continued the joint rule in Głogów. With the abdication of Wenceslaus and the death of Henry X, Henry IX became sole ruler from 1423. In 1446 he inherited Lubin.
1403–1439Żagań
Henry IX the Older[38] 1387 1397-1403

1412–1467		 11 November 1467 Głogów (1st half) Hedwig of Oleśnica
c. 1432
six children
1403–1412Żagań
Henry X Rumpold[39] 1390 1397–1403

1412–1423		 18 January 1423 Głogów (1st half) Unmarried
1403–1412Żagań
Wenceslaus I[40] 1391 1397-1403

1412-1417		 before 4 February 1431 Głogów (1st half) Unmarried
1403–1412Żagań
Henry IX[38] 13691399-1400 10 July 1420Lubin and Brzeg Anna of Cieszyn
20 September 1396
six children		 Reunited for a brief period the regional duchy of Lubin and Brzeg under his rule. In 1400 divided the inherited land with his brother Louis, who received Brzeg. However Henry also retained a part of this duchy, called Oława.
1400–1420Lubin and Oława
Louis II 1380/5 1400–1413 30 May 1436 Brzeg Hedwig Zapólya
before 14 August 1409
no children

Elisabeth of Brandenburg
9 April 1418
Konstanz
no children		 Received Brzeg, and reunited it with Legnica in 1413. However, died without descendants. His lands were inherited by his widow.
1413–1436Legnica and Brzeg
Conrad III the Old13591403-141228 December 1412OleśnicaJudith (?)
c.1380
seven children		Son of Conrad IV.
Casimir I[41]13961406-14347 April 1434OświęcimAnna of Zagan
before 28 May 1417
three children

Margareta of Racibórz
1433
no children		Son of Premislaus V.
Boleslaus I13631410–14316 May 1431Cieszyn and Głogów (Half 2)Margareta of Opava-Raciborz
1 January 1406
no children

Euphemia of Masovia
20 November 1412
five children
John I13581410–142827 August 1428ZiębiceElizabeth Lackfi
19 March 1408
one child		 Sons of Bolko III, ruled jointly. From 1420 ruled alone. After his death the duchy was annexed to the Kingdom of Bohemia, and later mortgaged it to Půta III of Častolovice during 1429–1435.
Henry II13961410–142011 March 1420ZiębiceUnmarried
Conrad IV the Older13841412-14169 August 1447OleśnicaUnmarried Sons of Conrad III, ruled jointly.
Conrad V Kantner13851412–143910 September 1439OleśnicaMargaret (?)
9 October 1411
five children
Conrad VI the Dean13911416–14273 September 1427OleśnicaUnmarried
Conrad VII the Whiteafter 13961416–1427

1439–1450		14 February 1452OleśnicaKatharina (?)
2 February 1437
no children

Dorothea of Warsaw?
7 March 1450
no children
Conrad VIII the Youngerafter 13971416–14275 September 1444OleśnicaUnmarried
Rupert II1396/14021420–143124 August 1431Legnica-LubinUnmarriedRegional duke in Legnica. Jointly with his brother Louis.
Wenceslaus III14001420–142314 January/28 May 1423OławaUnmarriedSon of Henry IX. After his death his duchy reunited with Lubin.
Louis III before 1405 1423–1431 before 18 June 1441 Oława Margareta of Opole
c.1423
two children		 Son of Henry IX, inherited Oława from his childless brother. After his death his lands were divided between his sons and his widow.
1431–1441Lubin and Oława
Wenceslaus I[42] 1418 1434–1445 c.28 July 1368 Oświęcim Maria Kopczowski
c. 1450
seven children		 Sons of Casimir I, ruled jointly. In 1445 Wenceslaus ceated for himself the duchy of Zator. Premislaus abdicated from power, and John became sole ruler over Oświęcim, which was annexed to the Kingdom of Poland in 1457.
1445–1468Zator
Premislaus14251434–1445December 1484OświęcimMargareta of Opole
23 February 1463
one child
John IV1426/301434–1457c.21 February 1497OświęcimKatharina
30 December 1465
no children

Barbara of Karniów
c. 1475
one child
Definitive annexation to the Kingdom of Poland
Ziębice was recovered to the Piasts
Euphemia13851435–144217 November 1447ZiębiceFrederick III of Oettingen
1397
nine children		Daughter of Bolko III. In 1435 she bought the Duchy to the Emperor and Častolovice's heiresses. In 1442 it was sold to the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Annexation to the Kingdom of Bohemia
Elisabeth of Brandenburg 29 September 14031436–1443 31 October 1449Legnica and Brzeg Louis II
9 April 1418
Konstanz
no children

Wenceslaus I, Duke of Cieszyn
17 February 1439
(annulled 1445)
no children		 Widow of Louis II. In 1443 is forced to give Brzeg to John I and Henry X of Lubin. After her death in 1449, Legnica-Legnica was annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
1443–1449Legnica
Annexation to the Kingdom of Bohemia (1449–1454)
John I[43]1410/31437–14395 September 1439OpoleUnmarried Sons of Boleslaus XIII, ruled jointly. After John's death in 1439, Nicholas ruled alone. In 1450 he bought Brzeg.
Nicholas I[44]14241437–14503 July 1476OpoleMagdalena of Brieg
February 1442
ten children
Margareta of Opole1412/41441–145415 January 1454Brzeg-OławaLouis III
c. 1423
two children		Widow of Louis III.
John I 1425 1441–1446 after 21 November 1453 Lubin Hedwig of Brzeg
February 1445
one child		 Sons of Louis III, ruled jointly. In 1443 they inherit Brzeg from Elisabeth of Brandenburg. In 1446, due to the difficult financial situation, Lubin was sold to the Duchy of Głogów. In 1450 Brzeg is sold to Opole.
1443–1450Brzeg
Henry X.[45] 1426 1441–1446 before 28 May 1452 Lubin Unmarried
1443–1450Brzeg
Lubin was bought by Henry IX the Older, duke of Głogów
Brzeg was bought by duke Nicholas I of Opole
Conrad IX the Black14151450–147114 August 1471OleśnicaMargareta of Rawa
1453
one child		 Son of Conrad VII.
Nicholas I[46]14241450–14763 July 1476Opole and BrzegMagdalena of Brieg
February 1442
ten children		Duke of Opole, bought Brzeg in 1450.
Euphemia of Masovia (regent)1395/7 1431–1442before 17 September 1447Cieszyn and Głogów (2nd half)Bolesław I
20 November 1412
five children		Regent in name of her children. After they reached majority they divided the land.
Ladislaus I[47]14201442–146014 February 1460 Cieszyn and Głogów (Half 2)Margareta of Celje
December 1444
no children		 After the partition following the end of the regency of their mother, Ladislaus retained Głogów and Wenceslaus and Premislaus Cieszyn. Boleslaus received only a few towns in Cieszyn (Bielsko and Frysztat). After Ladislaus' death, Premislaus retained co-rulership Cieszyn and Głogów, with his widowed sister-in-law. From 1468 ruled over all Cieszyn.
Wenceslaus I[48]1413/8 1442–14681474CieszynElisabeth of Brandenburg
17 February 1439
(annulled 1445)
no children
Premislaus II 1422/51442–1460 18 March 1477Cieszyn Anna of Warsaw
c.1465
one child
1460–1477Cieszyn and Głogów (2nd half)
Boleslaus II1425/81442–14524 October 1452CieszynAnna of Bielsk
28 January 1448
three children
Margareta of Celje14111460–148022 July 1480Głogów (2nd half)Herman I of Montfort-Pfannberg-Bregenz
15 March 1430
four children

Ladislaus VI
December 1444
no children
Henry XI[49]14351467–147622 February 1476Głogów (1st half)Barbara of Brandenburg
11 October 1472
Berlin
no children		Son of Henry IX.
Balthasar14151439-1461

1468-1472		15 July 1472ŻagańAgnes
before 1460
one child

Barbara of Cieszyn
11 September 1469
no children		 Sons of John I, ruled jointly. Wenceslaus and John abdicated in 1449, and Balthasar ruled alone, but John came in 1461 and dethroned Balthasar. However the latter dethroned the usurper and ruled again. John put aside his brother in 1472 and ruled once again, but, in that year his duchy was annexed to Saxony. In 1476, John II inherits part of Glogow from his cousin Henry XI, and in 1480 reunites both parts of this duhcy. In 1482 lost Lubin for Legnica. In 1488 Głogów is annexed by the Kingdom of Poland.
Rudolph14181439-145418 September 1454ŻagańUnmarried
Wenceslaus[50]14341439-144929 April 1488ŻagańUnmarried
John II the Mad 16 April 14351439–1449

1461–1468

1472		 22 September 1504Żagań Katharina of Opava
c.1462
five children
1476/1480–1482Głogów (1st and 2nd halves, recovered 2nd half in 1480)
Annexation to the Duchy of Saxony
Annexation to the Kingdom of Poland
Lubin, since 1446 part of Głogów, reverted to Legnica
Casimir II14501468–14908 January/7 July 1490ZatorMargaret of Karniów
c. 12 August 1482
one child		 Sons of Wenceslaus I, ruled jointly. In 1490 John became sole ruler. In 1513 the Duchy is annexed by the Kingdom of Poland.
Ladislaus14551468–148228 May or 21 September 1494ZatorAnna
before 1488
one child
Wenceslaus II[51]1450/551468–1487before 5 October 1487Zator Unmarried
John V[52]before 14551468–151317 September 1513Zator
Annexation to the Kingdom of Poland
Margareta of Rawa14411471–14751 September 1485OleśnicaKonrad IX the Black
1453
one child		Widow of Conrad IX.
Barbara14651475–147830 November 1479OleśnicaUnmarriedDaughter of Conrad IX. Deposed in 1478 and died in the next year.
Nicholas II 14621476–1497 27 June 1497Opole and Brzeg Unmarried Sons of Nicholas II, ruled jointly. In 1481 they sold Brzeg to Frederick I of Legnica. From 1497 John ruled alone. In 1521 purchased Racibórz from Bohemia, and restored the Duchy of Opole-Racibórz. However, as he left no descendants the duchy reverted to the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach.
1476–1481Brzeg
John II the Good[53] 14601476–1521 27 March 1532Opole Unmarried
1476-1481Brzeg
1521-1532Opole-Racibórz
Annexation to the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Casimir II14491477–152813 December 1528CieszynJohanna of Opava
6 October 1328
six children		 Father and son, ruled jointly. Wenceslaus predeceased his father and never came to rule alone.
Wenceslaus II[54]1488/961518-152417 November 1524CieszynAnna of Brandenburg-Ansbach
1 December 1518
three children
Conrad X the White14201450–1452

1478–1492		21 September 1492OleśnicaDorothea Reynkenberg
before 1492
(morganatic)
no children		Adicated of co-rulership with his brother Conrad IX in 1452, but in 1478 expelled his niece and ruled alone. In 1492 Oleśnica was annexed by the Kingdom of Bohemia.
Annexation to the Kingdom of Bohemia
Frederick I 3 May 14461454–1481 9 May 1488Legnica and Oława 5 September 1474
three children		 Legnica became independent from Bohemia in 1454. In the same year inherited Brzeg-Olawa from his mother Margareta of Opole. In 1481 Frederick I of Legnica purchased Brzeg from Opole, and recovered Lubin in 1482, from John the Mad.
1481/2–1488Legnica (with Lubin) and Brzeg (with Oława)
Ludmila of Poděbrady 16 October 14461488–1503 20 January 1503Brzeg Widow of Frederick I. Received Brzeg as her dower, but also served as regent for her sons in Legnica.
1488–1498
(as regent)		Legnica
John II14771488–14956 March 1495LegnicaUnmariedjointly with his brothers, Frederick II and George I. He did not reach adulthood.
George I[55] 1481/3 1488–1505 30 May 1521 Legnica Anna of Pomerania
9 June 1516
no children		 Sons of Frederick I, ruled jointly. In 1503 inherited Brzeg from their mother. In 1505 divided the land. In 1521 Frederick inherited Brzeg from his brother.
1503–1521Brzeg
1505–1521Lubin
Frederick II the Great 12 February 1480 1488–1547 17 September 1547 Legnica Elisabeth of Poland-Lithuania
21 November 1515
one child

Sophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach
14 November 1519
three children
1503–1505

1521–1547		Brzeg
Anna of Pomerania14921521–155025 April 1550LubinGeorge I
9 July 1516
no children		Inherited Lubin from her husband. As she didn't have children, the land passed, at her death, permanently to Legnica.
Annexation to Legnica
Anna of Brandenburg-Ansbach (regent)5 May 14871528–15397 February 1539CieszynWenceslaus II
1 December 1518
three children		 Regents in name of Wenceslaus III.
John III of Pernstein (regent)14 November 14871528–15458 September 1548CieszynAnna of Postupic
1507
four children

Hedvika of Šelmberk
1528
four children

Magdalena of Ormozd
1544
no children
Wenceslaus III AdamDecember 15241545–15794 November 1579CieszynMaria of Pernstein
8 February 1540
three children

Sidonia Katharina of Saxe-Lauenburg
25 November 1567
Cieszyn
six children
Frederick CasimirDecember 1541/January 15421560–15714 May 1571CieszynKatharina of Legnica
28 December 1563
Legnica
one child		Son of Wenceslaus, co-ruled with him from 1560 but preceded his father in death.
Frederick III22 February 15201547–155915 December 1570Legnica (Legnica and Lubin)Katharina of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3 March 1538
Legnica
six children		Absorbed Lubin again in 1550.
George II the Pious18 July 15231547–15867 May 1586BrzegBarbara of Brandenburg
15 February 1545
Berlin
seven children		Jointly with his brother Frederick II.
Henry XI[49]23 February 15391559–15813 March 1588LegnicaSophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach
11 November 1560
Legnica
six children
Sidonia Katharina of Saxe-Lauenburg (regent)15501579–15941594CieszynWenceslaus III Adam
25 November 1567
Cieszyn
six children

Emmerich III Forgach
1586
no children		Regent in name of her son, Adam.
Adam Wenceslaus12 December 15741594–161713 July 1617CieszynElisabeth of Courland
17 September 1595
five children
Frederick IV20 April 15521581–159627 March 1596LegnicaMaria Sidonia of Cieszyn
20 January 1587
no children

Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
23 November 1589
no children

Anna of Württemberg
24 October 1594
no children
Barbara of Brandenburg10 August 15271586–15952 January 1595Brzeg-BrzegGeorge II
15 February 1545
Berlin
seven children		Widow, ruled in Brzeg.
John George17 June 15521586–15926 July 1592Brzeg-OławaAnna of Württemberg
16 September 1582
Brzeg
no children
Anna of Württemberg17 June 15521592–15946 July 1592Brzeg-OławaJohn George
16 September 1582
Brzeg
no children

Frederick IV
24 October 1594
no children		She married twice, so in 1594 she was stripped from her duchy.
Joachim Frederick 29 September 1550 1586–1592

1594–1595		 25 March 1602 Oława 19 May 1577
Brzeg
six children		 Initially co-ruler with his brother, John George, after his death the duchy went to his widow, which was stripped from her when she married again. He reunited Brzeg, and then reunited it with Legnica in 1596.
1595–1596Brzeg (with Oława)
1596–1602Legnica and Brzeg
Anna Maria of Anhalt 29 September 15501602–1605 25 March 1602Oława Received Olawa after her husband's death. She also served as regent for her children in the other possessions of her husband. She did not do it by herself. She had co-rulership on her regency. After her death the regency was taken by the sister of Joachim Frederick, Elisabeth Magdalena, and her husband, who ruled until the brothers came of age, in 1609.
1602–1605
(as regent)		Legnica and Brzeg
Elisabeth Magdalena of Brzeg (regent)17 November 1562 1602–16091 February 1630Legnica and Brzeg (Brzeg and Oława)Charles II of Poděbrady
30 September 1585
Brzeg
eight children
Charles II of Poděbrady (regent)15 April 154528 January 1617Legnica and Brzeg (Brzeg and Oława)Catherine Berka of Duba
17 September 1570
Moravská Třebová
two children

Elisabeth Magdalena of Brzeg
30 September 1585
Brzeg
eight children
George Rudolf 12 January 15951609–1612 14 January 1653Legnica and Brzeg Sophia Elisabeth of Anhalt-Dessau
4 November 1614
Dessau
no children

Elisabeth Magdalena of Munsterberg
5 December 1624
no children		 Sons of Joachim Frederick, ruled jointly until 1612. In that year they made partitions. George Rudolf received Legnica and John Christian Brzeg. George left no descendants, and was succeeded by his nephews.
1612–1653Legnica
John Christian 28 August 15911609–1612 25 December 1639Legnica and Brzeg Dorothea Sibylle of Brandenburg
12 December 1610
Berlin
thirteen children

Anna Hedwig Sitzsch
(morganatic)
13 September 1626
Brzeg
seven children
1612–1633Brzeg
Charles of Austria, Bishop of Wroclaw (regent)7 August 15901617-162428 December 1624CieszynUnmarriedRegent in name of Frederick William, Adam's son.
Frederick William9 November 16011624–162519 August 1625CieszynUnmarried
Elizabeth Lucretia1 June 15991625–165319 May 1653CieszynGundakar, Prince of Liechtenstein
23 April 1618
no children		After her death, Cieszyn was annexed by the Holy Roman Empire.
Definitive annexation to the Holy Roman Empire
Louis IV19 April 16161653–166324 November 1653LegnicaAnna Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
8 May 1649
Brzeg
one child		 Sons of John Christian, ruled jointly in Legnica. George was already duke of Brzeg since his father's death. As George didn't have no descendants he was succeeded in his domains by his brother Christian. The latter, after his own death, left Oława for his widow, and the remaining lands were inherited by his own son.
George III 4 September 16111633-1664 4 July 1664Brzeg Sophia Katharina of Munsterberg
23 February 1638
Bernstadt
one child

Elisabeth Marie Charlotte of Palatinate-Simmern-Kaiserslautern
19 October 1660
Brzeg
no children
1653–1654

1663–1664		Legnica
Christian 9 April 1618 1653–1654

1663–1672		 28 February 1672Legnica Louise of Anhalt-Dessau
24 November 1648
Dessau
four children
1664–1672Brzeg
George William29 September 16601672–167521 November 1675Legnica and BrzegUnmarriedLast male representative of the House of Piast. Died without descendants.
Annexation to the Holy Roman Empire
Louise of Anhalt-Dessau10 February 16311672–168025 April 1680OławaChristian
24 November 1648
Dessau
four children		Regional duchess in Brzeg, widow of Christian. After her death the Duchy was annexed by the Holy Roman Empire.
Annexation to the Holy Roman Empire

Ecclesiastical Duchy of Nysa

Established in 1290 by High Duke Henry IV Probus, held by the Bishops of Wrocław

Major part annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742.

Prussian part secularised in 1810.

  • 1823–1832 Emanuel von Schimonsky
  • 1835–1840 Leopold von Sedlnitzky
  • 1843–1844 Joseph Knauer
  • 1845–1850 Melchior von Diepenbrock

Theocracy abolished in 1850.

See also
List of Polish rulers
Piast dynasty
Dukes of Masovia
Dukes of Greater Poland
Dukes of Little Poland
Dukes of Cuiavia
Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca

References
  1. Avoid confusion between Henry III the White and Henry III, duke of Głogów
  2. Avoid confusion with the later duke of Oleśnica, Conrad I.
  3. Avoid confusion with the later duke of Zagan, Henry IV the Faithful
  4. Avoid confusion with the later duke of Zagan, Henry V of Iron
  5. Albeit more known as Przemko, his true name was probably Premislaus
  6. Albeit more known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Avoid confusion with his contemporary, Bolko I of Opole.
  7. A new line of dukes starts with Mieszko I, who is thereby counted as I.
  8. Applied for Bolko I and Bolko II of Opole. Albeit more known as Bolko, their true name was probably Boleslaus, name with they are also stated in sources. Bolko I was the first Boleslaus/Bolko in Upper Silesia and he was numbered as such. However, avoid confusion with his Lower Silesian contemporary, Bolko I the Strict. The same can be said to Bolko II of Opole. Avoid confusiom betwee him and his Lower Silesian contemporaries, Bolko the Small and Bolko II of Ziębice.
  9. Albeit having co-ruled in Opole, and then started a line of it own, he was never styled II, after Casimir I of Opole.
  10. Avoid confusion with the later duke of Oleśnica, Konrad II the Hunchback.
  11. Avoid confusion with the later duke of Zagan, Henry VI the Older
  12. A new line of dukes started with Conrad I, and Henry was his son. As Henry was, like his uncle Henry III the White, descendant of Henry II, he was numbered, not according to his uncle, but independently as a new line.
  13. Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Wrocław, Henry IV the Just
  14. Albeit more known as Przemko, probably his true name was Premislaus.
  15. As a starter of a new line of dukes, Conrad ignored his ancestors numberings and styled himself as I. Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Głogów, Conrad I.
  16. Albeit not starting a new line of dukes, Boleslaus opted to style himself as I, ignoring therefore is ancestor, Boleslaus I the Tall.
  17. A new line of dukes started with Bolko I, and Henry was his son. However, unlike Głogów line, who followed Henry the Pious, this Henry didn't follow any numbering of his ancestors, and styled himself as the I.
  18. Styled himself I, ignoring his ancestors' numberings of the united Opole-Racibórz.
  19. Applied to Władysław of Oświęcim and Władysław of Bytom. They styled themselves I, ignoring the numbering of their ancestor and last duke of the united Opole-Racibórz, Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz. Avoid confusion with this two contemporary dukes
  20. Albeit known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Starter of a new line of dukes, he recognized his father's numbering
  21. Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Legnica-Wrocław, Henry V the Fat
  22. Styled I, as he is the first Upper Silesian Boleslaus.
  23. Ladislaus, as ruler of Opole and a direct descendant of Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz, numbered himself II.
  24. Not counting the regents of Opole-Racibórz, Henry was in fact the first (and only) ruler in Upper Silesia to bear this name, more usual in Lower Silesia. In fact, his mother, Elisabeth of Świdnica, was Lower Silesian.
  25. Applied to Upper Silesian Bolko III of Strzelce and Lower Silesian Bolko III of Ziębice. Albeit more known as Bolko, their true name must have been Boleslaus. Avoid confusion between these two contemporary dukes.
  26. Albeit following the numberings of the rulers named Bolko, the same is not applied to the dukes Henry in Ziębice. Henry is styled the I, ignoring the numbering of Henry II the Pious.
  27. Albeit known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus. Avoid confusion with his Lower Silesian uncle, Bolko II of Ziębice, and the Upper Silesian Bolko II of Opole.
  28. Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Zagan, Henry VII Rumpold
  29. Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Zagan, Henry VIII the Sparrow
  30. Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Zagan, Konrad II the Hunchback.
  31. Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Wrocław, Henry VI the Good
  32. Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Legnica-Brzeg, Henry VII the Courageous
  33. Avoid confusion with the contemporary duke of Legnica, Henry VIII
  34. Possibly because he was Upper Silesian, he didn't recognize the numberings of his predecessors, Przemko I and Przemko II
  35. Albeit more known as Bolko, his true name was probably Boleslaus.
  36. Bernard was the first Upper Silesian ruler to bear this name.
  37. He was the first Lower Silesian duke to bear this name. Avoid confusion with the contemporary Upper Silesian duke of Opole, John I
  38. Avoid confusion between contemporary dukes Henry IX of Lubin and Henry IX the Older of Zagan. Henry IX the Older has also the same sobriquet as his father, Henry VI.
  39. Avoid confusion with the duke of Lubin and Brzeg, Henry X. Besides, Henry X's uncle, Henry VII, was also known as Rumpold
  40. He was the first Wenceslaus of Głogów-Żagań line
  41. Ignored the numberingof his ancestor, Casimir I of Opole, as he is usually styled I.
  42. Avoid confusion eith the contemporary duke of Cieszyn, Wenceslaus I
  43. Avoid confusion with the contemporary Lower Silesian duke of Zagan, John I
  44. He was the first Upper Silesian duke to bear this name
  45. Avoid confusion with the duke of Lubin and Brzeg, Henry X Rumpold.
  46. He is the first Upper Silesian duke to bear this name.
  47. He was the first duke of Głogów to bear this name, but as he was Upper Silesian, he ignored the numbering of his ancestor, Ladislaus I of Opole-Racibórz.
  48. He was the first Upper Silesian duke to bear this name. Avoid confusion eith the contemporary duke of Zator, Wenceslaus I
  49. Avoid confusion between Henry XI of Głogów and Henry XI of Legnica.
  50. Strangely he was not numbered II, when he had an uncle with this name who co-ruled in the same duchy.
  51. Avoid confusion with the later duke of Cieszyn, Wenceslaus II
  52. John adopted the numbering V, after his uncle, Jan IV of Oświęcim
  53. As ruler of the reunited Opole-Racibórz, he did only consider his name bearers in this two duchies: the only one was Jan I of Opole.
  54. Avoid confusion with the prior duke of Zator, Wenceslaus II
  55. He was the first in Lower Silesia to bear this name.

Bibliography
  • Neue deutsche Biographie, Berlin 2001, Bd.: 20, p. 403-407
  • Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Leipzig 1905–1909, Bd.: 17, p. 845-847

Sites

http://www.tacitus.nu/historical-atlas/regents/poland/silesia.htm


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