Daniel Gralath

Daniel Gralath (30 May 1708 – 23 July 1767) was a physicist and a mayor of Danzig.[1]

Daniel Gralath

Gralath was born and died in Danzig (Gdańsk) in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He came from a well-to-do trade family. He studied law and philosophy in Halle, Leyden and Marburg from 1728 to 1734. Later he became councilman and, in 1763, mayor of Danzig.[1] His father-in-law was Jacob Theodor Klein (1685–1759), a city secretary and a distinguished scientist, nicknamed Gedanensium Plinius.

As a physicist, Gralath worked on electricity, founded the Danzig Research Society, and repeated the experiments of Ewald Georg von Kleist with the Leyden jar.[1] Gralath improved the design of the Leyden jar and demonstrated its effects on a chain of 20 persons.[2] He was also the first to combine several jars to make a battery,[3] but that claim is disputed.[4] From 1747 to 1756, he published his "History of Electricity" in three parts in issues of Versuche und Abhandlungen der Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Danzig,[5] which may have contributed to the historical judgement that he was the first to combine several Leyden jars.[6]

References
  1. Wißner, Adolf (1964). "Gralath, Daniel der Ältere". Neue Deutsche Biographie. 6. p. 736.
  2. Mottelay, P. F. (1891). "Chronological History of Electricity, Galvanism, Magnetism and the Telegraph from B. B.. 2637 to A. D. 1888 -- Part I". The Electrical World. 18 (5): 77–79.
  3. Benjamin, Park (1895). A History of Electricity: (The Intellectual Rise in Electricity) from Antiquity to the Days of Benjamin Franklin. J. Wiley & Sons. pp. 522–524.
  4. Allerhand, A. (2018). "Who invented the earliest capacitor bank ("battery" of Leyden jars)? It's complicated" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. 106 (3): 501. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2018.2795846.
  5. Heilbron, J. L. (1982). Elements of Early Modern Physics. University of California Press. p. 256. ISBN 978-0-520-04555-2.
  6. Allerhand, A. (2018). "Who invented the earliest capacitor bank ("battery" of Leyden jars)? It's complicated" (PDF). Proceedings of the IEEE. 106 (3): 502. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2018.2795846.

Further reading
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