Cusco Quechua

Cusco Quechua (Quechua: Qusqu qhichwa simi) is a dialect of Southern Quechua spoken in Cusco and the Cusco Region of Peru.

Cusco Quechua
Qosqo runasimi
Native toPeru
Native speakers
(1.5 million cited 1989)[1]
Quechuan
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
quz – Cusco
qve – Eastern Apurímac
Glottologcusc1236  Cusco[2]
east2551  Eastern Apurímac[3]

It is the Quechua variety used by the Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua in Cusco, which also prefers the Spanish-based five-vowel alphabet.[4] On the other hand, the official alphabet used by the ministry of education has only three vowels.[5]

Phonology

There is debate about whether Cusco Quechua has five /a, e, i, o, u/ or three vowels: /a, i, u/.[6]

Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Stop plain p t t͡ʃ k q
aspirated pʰ tʰ t͡ʃʰ kʰ qʰ
ejective pʼ tʼ t͡ʃʼ kʼ qʼ
Fricative s ʃ x χ h
Nasal m n ɲ
Approximant plain j w
lateral l ʎ
Flap ɾ

Grammar

Pronouns[7]
Cusco Quechua Northern Quechua Ancash Quechua English
1º noqa / ñoqa ñuka nuqa I
2º qan kan qam you
3º pay pay pay he, she, it
4º noqanchis / ñoqanchis ñukanchik (ñukapash kanpash) nuqantsik we (inclusive)
5º noqayku / ñoqayku ñukanchik (shinapash mana kan/kikin) nuqakuna we (exclusive)
6º qankuna qamkuna qamkuna you (plural)
7º paykuna paykuna paykuna they

Nouns
Examples using the word wasi (house)wasi
Function Suffix Example (translation)
suffix indicating number plural -kuna wasikuna houses
possessive suffix 1.person singular -y wasiy my house
2.person singular -yki wasiyki your house
3.person singular -n wasin his/her/its house
1.person plural (incl) -nchis wasinchik our house (incl.)
1.person plural (excl) -y-ku wasiyku our house (excl.)
2.person plural -yki-chis wasiykichis your (pl.) house
3.person plural -n-ku wasinku their house
suffixes indicating case nominative – wasi the house (subj.)
accusative -(k)ta wasita the house (obj.)
instrumental -wan wasiwan with the house, and the house
abessive -naq wasinaq without the house
dative -paq wasipaq to the house
genitive -q / -pa wasiq of the house
causative -rayku wasirayku because of the house
benefactive -paq wasipaq for the house
locative -pi wasipi at the house
directional -man wasiman towards the house
inclusive -piwan, puwan wasipiwan, wasipuwan including the house
terminative -kama, -yaq wasikama, wasiyaq up to the house
transitive -(rin)ta wasinta through the house
ablative -manta, -piqta wasimanta, wasipiqta off/from the house
comitative -(ni)ntin wasintin along with the house
immediate -raq wasiraq first the house
intrative -pura wasipura among the houses
exclusive -lla(n) wasilla(n) only the house
comparative -naw, -hina wasinaw, wasihina like the house

Adjectives

Verbs

See also

References
  1. Cusco at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
    Eastern Apurímac at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
  2. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Cusco Quechua". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Eastern Apurímac Quechua". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. Nancy Hornberger & Kendall King, "Authenticity and Unification in Quechua Language Planning" Language, Culture and Curriculum 11 3 (1998): 390 - 410. http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=gse_pubs
  5. Nonato Rufino Chuquimamani Valer. Yachakuqkunapa Simi Qullqa - Qusqu-Qullaw Qhichwa Simipi Archived 2011-08-24 at the Wayback Machine (Quechua-Quechua-Spanish dictionary). Lima: Ministerio de Educación, 2005.
  6. "SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories". linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2018-08-10.
  7. "Personal pronouns in Quechua Cusco". Quechua Language. 2019-12-23. Retrieved 2020-03-05.


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