Cnemaspis
Cnemaspis is a genus of diurnal (day) geckos found in Africa and Asia. With over 100 species, it is one of the most diverse genera of geckos.
| Cnemaspis | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Unidentified Cnemaspis gecko from the Western Ghats. Note the round pupil. | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Gekkonidae |
| Subfamily: | Gekkoninae |
| Genus: | Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887[1] |
Description
Species in this genus have slender, clawed digits which are cylindrical or depressed at the base (rarely dilated); the distal phalanges are compressed, forming an angle with the basal portion of the digits, the lower surface of which has a row of plates. Their bodies are more or less depressed, granular or tubercular above. Tail not compressed. Pupil circular; eyelid distinct all round the eye. Males with or without pre-anal or femoral pores.[2]
Species
The Africa group
- C. africana (Werner, 1895) – African gecko
- C. alantika Bauer, Chirio, Ineich & LeBreton, 2006
- C. barbouri Perret, 1986 - Barbour's gecko
- C. dickersonae (Schmidt, 1919) – Dickerson's forest gecko, four-lined forest gecko
- C. dilepis Perret, 1963 – two-scaled gecko
- C. elgonensis Loveridge, 1936 – Mount Elgon forest gecko
- C. gigas Perret, 1986 – Perret's Nigeria gecko, giant forest gecko
- C. koehleri (Mertens, 1937) – Koehler's gecko
- C. occidentalis Angel, 1943 – western gecko
- C. petrodroma Perret, 1986 – Nigeria crag gecko, Ondo forest gecko
- C. quattuorseriata (Sternfeld, 1912) – Sternfeld's gecko
- C. spinicollis (Müller, 1907)
- C. uzungwae Perret, 1986 – Tanzania gecko
The Indian Subcontinent and Sri Lanka group
Cnemaspis gecko from the Western Ghats
Another unidentified Cnemaspis gecko from the Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, Kerala
- C. aaronbaueri Sayyed, Grismer, Campbell, & Dileepkumar, 2019
- C. adii Srinivasulu, Kumar, & Srinivasulu, 2015 – Adi's day gecko
- C. agarwali Khandekar, 2019 – Agarwal's dwarf gecko
- C. ajijae Sayyed, Pyron, & DiLeepkumar, 2018 – Ajija's day gecko
- C. alwisi M. Wickramasinghe & Munindradasa, 2007[3] – Alwis's day gecko
- C. amba Khandekar, Thackeray, & Agarwal, 2019 – Amba dwarf gecko
- C. amboliensis Sayyed, Pyron, & DiLeepkumar, 2018 – Amboli day gecko
- C. amith Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007 – Amith's day gecko
- C. anaikattiensis Mukherjee, Bhupathy, & Nixon, 2005 [4]
- C. anamudiensis Cyria, Johny, Umesh, & Palot, 2018
- C. anandani Murthy, Nitesh, Sengupta, & Deepak, 2019 – Anandan’s day gecko
- C. andersonii (Annandale, 1905)
- C. anslemi Karunarathna & Ukuwela, 2019
- C. assamensis Das & Sengupta, 2000 – Assam day gecko
- C. australis Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007 – southern day gecko
- C. avasbinae Agarwal, Bauer & Khandekar, 2020 – Sabin’s Nellore dwarf gecko
- C. bangara Agarwal, Thackeray, Pal & Khandekar, 2020 – golden banded dwarf gecko
- C. beddomei (Theobald, 1876) – Beddome's day gecko
- C. boiei (JE Gray, 1876) – Boie's day gecko
- C. butewai (Karunarathna et. al., 2019) – Butewe's day gecko
- C. dissanayakai (Karunarathna et. al., 2019) – Dissanayaka's day gecko
- C. flaviventralis Sayyed, Pyron & Dahanukar, 2016 – yellow-bellied day gecko
- C. gemunu De Silva, Greenbaum & Jackman, 2007
- C. girii Mirza, Pal, Bhosale & Sanap, 2014 – Giri's day gecko
- C. goaensis Sharma, 1976 – Goan day gecko
- C. godagedarai Silva, Bauer, Botejue & Karunarathna, 2019 – Godagedara's day gecko
- C. gotaimbarai (Karunarathna et. al., 2019) – Gotaimbara's day gecko
- C. gracilis (Beddome, 1870) – graceful day gecko
- C. graniticola Agarwal, Thackeray, Pal & Khandekar, 2020 – granite dwarf gecko
- C. heteropholis Bauer, 2002 – Gund day gecko, different-scaled day gecko
- C. hitihami (Karunarathna et. al., 2019) – Hitihami's day gecko
- C. indica Gray, 1846 – Indian day gecko, Nilgiri dwarf gecko
- C. ingerorum Batuwita, Agarwal, & Bauer, 2019
- C. jerdonii (Theobald, 1868) – Jerdon's day gecko
- C. kallima Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007
- C. kandambyi Batuwita & Udugampala, 2017
- C. kandiana (Kelaart, 1852), Kandyan day gecko[5]
- C. kawminiae (Karunarathna et. al., 2019) – Kawmini's day gecko
- C. kivulegedarai (Karunarathna et. al., 2019) – Kivulegedara's day gecko
- C. kohukumburai (Karunarathna et. al., 2019) – Kohukumbura's day gecko
- C. kolhapurensis (Giri, Bauer & Gaikwad, 2009) [6] – Kolhapur day gecko
- C. kotagamai (Karunarathna et. al., 2019) – Kotagama's day gecko
- C. kottiyoorensis Cyriac and Umesh, 2014 – Kottiyoor day gecko
- C. koynaensis Khandekar, Thackeray, & Agarwal, 2019 – Koyna dwarf gecko
- C. kumarasinghei Wickramasinghe & Munindradasa, 2007 – Kumarasinghe's day gecko
- C. latha Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007 – Latha's day gecko
- C. limayei Sayyed, Pyron, & Dileepkumar, 2018 – Limaye's day gecko
- C. littoralis (Jerdon, 1854) – coastal day gecko
- C. maculicollis Cyria, Johny, Umesh, & Palot, 2018
- C. magnifica Khandekar, Thackeray, Pal & Agarwal, 2020 – Magnificent dwarf gecko
- C. mahabali Sayyed, Pyron, & Dileepkumar, 2018 – Mahabal's day gecko
- C. menikay Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007
- C. molligodai Wickramasinghe & Munindradasa, 2007 – Molligoda's day gecko
- C. monticola Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007
- C. mysoriensis (Jerdon, 1853) – Mysore day gecko
- C. nairi Inger, Marx & Koshy, 1984 – Ponmudi day gecko
- C. nandimithrai (Karunarathna et. al., 2019) – Nandimithra's day gecko
- C. nilagirica Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007 – Nilgiri day gecko
- C. nilgala (Karunarathna, Bauer, de Silva, Surasinghe, Somaratna, Madawala, Gabadage, Botejue, Henkanaththegedara & Ukuwela, 2019 – Nilgala day gecko
- C. ornata (Beddome, 1870) – ornate day gecko
- C. otai Das & Bauer, 2000 – Ota's day gecko, Vellore day gecko
- C. pava Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007
- C. phillipsi Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007 – Phillip's day gecko
- C. podihuna Deraniyagala, 1944 – Deraniyagala's gecko
- C. pulchra Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007
- C. punctata Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007
- C. rajakarunai Wickramasinghe, Vidanapathirana & Rathnayaka, 2016
- C. rammalensis Vidanapathirana, Gehan-rajeev, Wickramasinghe & Mendis-Wickramasinghe, 2014 – Rammale day gecko
- C. retigalensis Wickramasinghe & Munindradasa, 2007 – Retigala day gecko
- C. samanalensis Wickramasinghe & Munindradasa, 2007 – Samanala day gecko
- C. scalpensis (Ferguson, 1877) – Ferguson's day gecko
- C. shevaroyensis Khandekar, Gaitonde, & Agarwal, 2019 – Shevaroy dwarf gecko
- C. silvula Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007 – forest day gecko
- C. sisparensis Theobald, 1876 – Sispara day gecko or Theobald's gecko
- C. tanintharyi Lee, Miller, Zug, & Mulcahy, 2019 – Tanintharyi rock gecko
- C. thackerayi Khandekar, Gaitonde, & Agarwal, 2019 – Thackeray's dwarf gecko
- C. thayawthadangyi Lee, Miller, Zug, & Mulcahy, 2019 – Thayawthadangyi Islands rock gecko
- C. tropidogaster Boulenger, 1885 – rough-bellied day gecko or marked-belly gecko
- C. upendrai Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, 2007 – Upendra's day gecko
- C. wicksi (Stoliczka, 1873)
- C. wynadensis (Beddome, 1870) – Wynad day gecko
- C. yelagiriensis Agarwal, Thackeray, Pal & Khandekar, 2020 – Yelagiri dwarf gecko
- C. yercaudensis Das & Bauer, 2000 – Yercaud day gecko
The Sundaland group
- C. aceh Iskandar, McGuire & Amarasinghe, 2017
- C. adangrawi Ampai, Rujirawan, Wood, Stuart, & Aowphol, 2019 - Adang-Rawi rock gecko
- C. affinis (Stoliczka, 1870) – Stoliczka's gecko, Pinang Island rock gecko
- C. andalas Iskandar, McGuire & Amarasinghe, 2017
- C. argus Dring, 1979[7] – Dring's gecko, Argus rock gecko, Lawit Mountain rock gecko
- C. aurantiacopes Grismer & Ngo, 2007[8] – Hon Dat rock gecko
- C. baueri Das & Grismer 2003 – Bauer's rock gecko, Pulau Aur rock gecko
- C. bayuensis Grismer, Grismer, Wood & Chan 2008 – Kampung Bayu rock gecko, Gua Bayu rock gecko, Bayu Cave rock gecko
- C. bidongensis Grismer, Wood, Ahmad, Sumarli, Vazquez, Ismail, Nance, Mohd-amin, Othman, Rizaijessika, Kuss, Murdoc & Cobos, 2014 – Pulau Bidong rock gecko
- C. biocellata Grismer, Chan, Nurolhuda & Sumontha 2008,[9] – twin-spot rock gecko
- C. boulengeri Strauch 1887 – Boulenger's rock gecko, Con Dao round eyed gecko
- C. chanardi Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010[10] - Chan-ard's rock gecko
- C. chanthaburiensis Bauer & Das 1998 – Chanthaburi rock gecko
- C. caudanivea Grismer & Ngo, 2007[11] – Hon Tre Island rock gecko
- C. dezwaani Das 2005[12]
- C. dringi Das & Bauer 1998 – Dring's rock gecko
- C. flavigaster Chan & Grismer 2008 – orange-bellied rock gecko
- C. flavolineata (Nicholls, 1949) – yellow-striped rock gecko
- C. grismeri Wood, Quah, Anuar Ms & Muin, 2013 - Grismer's rock gecko
- C. hangus Grismer et al., 2014
- C. harimau Chan, Grismer, Anuar, Quah, Muin, Savage, Grismer, Ahmad, Remigio & Greer, 2010 - tiger rock gecko
- C. huaseesom Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010[10]
- C. jacobsoni Das 2005[12]
- C. kamolnorranathi Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010[10] – Kamolnorranath's rock gecko
- C. karsticola Grismer, Grismer, Wood & Chan 2008 – karst-dwelling rock gecko
- C. kendallii (Gray, 1845) – Kendall's rock gecko
- C. kumpoli Taylor 1963 – Kumpol's rock gecko, Trang Province gecko
- C. laoensis Grismer, 2010 - Lao rock gecko
- C. leucura Kurita, Nishikawa, Matsui & Hikida, 2017 - curse rock gecko
- C. limi Das & Grismer 2003 – Tioman Island rock gecko
- C. lineatubercularis Ampai, Wood, Stuart & Aowphol, 2020 - Lan Saka rock gecko
- C. lineogularis Wood, Grismer, Aowphol, Aguilar, Cota, Grismer, Murdoch & Sites, 2017 - stripe-throated rock gecko
- C. mahsuriae Grismer, Wood, Quah, Anuar, Ngadi & Ahmad, 2015 - Mahsuri's rock gecko
- C. mcguirei Grismer, Grismer, Wood & Chan 2008 – McGuire's rock gecko
- C. mimang Iskandar, McGuire & Amarsinghe, 2017
- C. modiglianii Das 2005[12]
- C. monachorum Grismer, Ahmad, Chan, Belabut, Muin, Wood & Grismer, 2009 - Monks's rock gecko
- C. mumpuniae Grismer et al., 2014
- C. muria Riyanto, Munir, Martamenggala, Fitriana, & Hamidy, 2019
- C. narathiwatensis Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010[10] – Narathiwat rock gecko
- C. neangthyi Grismer, Grismer & Chav, 2010 – Neang Thy's rock gecko
- C. nigridia (Smith, 1925) – Borneo black gecko, black-spotted rock gecko
- C. niyomwanae Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010[10] – Niyomwan's rock gecko,
- C. nuicamensis Grismer & Ngo, 2007[11] – Nui Cam Hill rock gecko
- C. omari Grismer et al., 2014
- C. pagai Iskandar, McGuire & Amarsinghe, 2017
- C. paripari Grismer & Onn, 2009 - fairy rock gecko
- C. pemanggilensis Grismer & Das 2006 – Johor, West Malaysia – Pemanggil Island rock gecko
- C. peninsularis Grismer et al., 2014 – peninsular rock gecko
- C. perhentianensis Grismer & Chan, 2008
- C. phangngaensis Wood, Grismer, Aowphol, Aguilar, Cota, Grismer, Murdoch & Sites, 2017 - Phang Nga rock gecko
- C. phuketensis Das & Leon 2004,[13]
- C. pseudomcguirei Grismer, Ahmad, Chan, Belabut, Muin, Wood & Grismer, 2009 - false McGuire's rock gecko
- C. psychedelica Grismer, Ngo & Grismer, 2010 – psychedelic rock gecko
- C. punctatonuchalis Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010[10] – spotted-neck rock gecko
- C. purnamai Riyanto, Hamidy, Sidik & Gunalen, 2017[14]
- C. rajabasa Amarasinghe, Harvey, Riyanto & Smith, 2015
- C. roticanai Grismer & Onn, 2010[15] – Roti Canai rock gecko
- C. selamatkanmerapoh Grismer, Wood, Mohamed, Chan, Heinz, Sumarli, Chan & Loredo, 2013 - Merapoh rock gecko
- C. shahruli Grismer, Chan, Quah, Muin, Savage, Grismer, Ahmad, Greer & Remegio, 2010 - Shahrul's rock gecko
- C. siamensis (Smith, 1925) – Siamese rock gecko
- C. stongensis Grismer et al., 2014
- C. sundagekko Grismer et al., 2014
- C. sundainsula Grismer et al., 2014
- C. tapanuli Iskandar, McGuire & Amarsinghe, 2017
- C. tarutaoensis Ampai, Rujirawan, Wood, Stuart, & Aowphol, 2019 - Tarutao rock gecko
- C. temiah Grismer et al., 2014
- C. thachanaensis Wood, Grismer, Aowphol, Aguilar, Cota, Grismer, Murdoch & Sites, 2017
- C. tubaensis Quah, Wood, Anuar, & Muin, 2020 – Tuba Island rock gecko
- C. tucdupensis Grismer & Ngo, 2007[11] – Tuc Dup Hill rock gecko
- C. timoriensis Duméril & Bibron 1836,[16]
- C. vandeventeri Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010[10] – VanDeventer's rock gecko
- C. whittenorum Das 2005[12]
References
- ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System). www.itis.gov.
- Boulenger, G. A. (1890). Fauna of British India. Reptilia and Batrachia (referring to Gonatodes)
- Wickramasinghe, Mendis & Munindradasa (2007). Review of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Sauria: Gekkonidae) in Sri Lanka with the description of five new species. Zootaxa 1490: 1-63
- Mukherjee, D., S Bhupathy, A. M. A. Nixon (2005). A new species of day gecko (Squamata, Gekkonidae, Cnemaspis) from the Anaikatti Hills, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India Current Science. 89(8).
- Das, Indraneil (2005). "Revision of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Sauria: Gekkonidae), from the Mentawai and adjacent archipelagos off western Sumatra, Indonesia, with the description of four new species" (PDF). Journal of Herpetology. 39 (2): 233–247. doi:10.1670/61-02A.
- Giri, Varad B.; Aaron M. Bauer; Kshamata S. Gaikwad (21 July 2009). "A new ground-dwelling species of Cnemaspis Strauch (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India" (PDF). Zootaxa. Magnolia Press. 2164: 49–60. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2164.1.5. ISSN 1175-5334. Retrieved 2009-07-27.
- Dring, J.C.M., 1979. Amphibians and reptiles from northern Trengganu, Malaysia, with descriptions of two new geckos: Cnemaspis and Cyrtodactylus. Bulletin of The British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 34 (5): 181-241
- Grismer, L. L. and Ngo, V. T. (2007). Four new species of the gekkonid genus Cnemaspis Strauch 1887 (Reptilia: Squamata) from Southern Vietnam. Herpetologica 63 (4): 482-500.
- Grismer, L.L., Onn, C.K., Nasir, N. and Sumontha, M. (2008). A new species of karst-dwelling gecko (genus Cnemaspis Strauch 1887) from the border region of Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa, 1875: 51-68.
- Grismer, L.L., Sumontha, M., Cota, M., Grismer, J.L., Wood Jr., P.L., Pauwels, O.S.G. & Kunya, K. 2010. A revision and redescription of the rock gecko Cnemaspis siamensis (Taylor 1925)(Squamata:Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Thailand with a description of seven new species. Zootaxa 2576: 1-55
- Grismer, L. L. and Ngo, V. T. (2007). Four new species of the gekkonid genus Cnemaspis Strauch 1887 (Reptilia: Squamata) from Southern Vietnam. Herpetologica 63 (4): 482-500.
- Das, I. (2005) Revision of the Genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Sauria: Gekkonidae), from the Mentawai and Adjacent Archipelagos off Western Sumatra, Indonesia, with the Description of Four New Species. Journal of Herpetology 39(2):233–247
- Das and Leon (2004). A new species of Cnemaspis (Sauria: Gekkonidae) from Southern Thailand. Current Herpetology. 23 (2):63-71.
- Riyanto, Awal; Hamidy, Amir; Sidik, Irvan; Gunalen, Danny (30 Nov 2017). "A new species of Rock Gecko of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Belitung Island, Indonesia". Zootaxa. 4358 (3): 583–597. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4358.3.12. PMID 29245465.
- Grismer, L. L. and Onn, C. K. (2010). Another new Rock Gecko (genus Cnemaspis Strauch 1887) from Pulau Langkawi, Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Zootaxa 2419: 51-62.
- Duméril and Bibron (1836). Erpetologie Générale ou Histoire Naturelle Complete des Reptiles. Vol.3. Libr. Encyclopédique Roret, Paris, 528 pp.
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