Ceratodus

Ceratodus (Greek for "horned tooth") was a wide-ranging genus of extinct lungfish. Fossil evidence dates back to the Early Triassic[1]. A wide range of fossil species from different time periods have been found around the world in places such as the United States, Argentina, Greenland, England, Germany, Egypt, Madagascar, China, and Australia.[2] Ceratodus is believed to have become extinct sometime around the beginning of the Eocene Epoch. The closest living relative of Ceratodus is thought to be the Queensland lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, which means "new Ceratodus" in Greek.

Ceratodus
Temporal range: 251.2–55 Ma
Olenekian-Eocene
Illustration of Ceratodus by Heinrich Harder
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Order: Ceratodontiformes
Family: Ceratodontidae
Genus: †Ceratodus
Agassiz, 1837
Type species
Ceratodus latissimus
Agassiz, 1837
Other species

Many more, see text

Species
  • C. latissimus Agassiz, 1837 (type)
  • C. eruciferus Cope, 1876 (nomen dubium)[3]
  • C. hieroglyphus Cope, 1876 (nomen dubium)
  • C. robustus Knight, 1898[4]
  • C. africanus Haug, 1905
  • C. humei Priem, 1914
  • C. elegans Vollrath, 1923[5][6]
  • C. frazieri Ostrom, 1970[7]
  • C. gustasoni Kirkland, 1987[8]
  • C. fossanovum Kirkland, 1998[9]
  • C. stewarti Milner and Kirkland, 2006[10]
  • C. texanus Parris et al., 2011 [11]
  • C. carteri Main et al., 2014[12]
  • C. kranzi Frederickson et al., 2016[13]
  • C. kirklandi Frederickson & Cifelli, 2016[14]
  • C. molossus Frederickson & Cifelli, 2016
  • C. kempae Frederickson & Cifelli, 2016
  • C. nirumbee Frederickson & Cifelli, 2016
  • C. tunuensis Agnolin et al., 2018 [15]
  • Ceratodus tooth plates
  • Ceratodus

References
  1. Romano, Carlo; Koot, Martha B.; Kogan, Ilja; Brayard, Arnaud; Minikh, Alla V.; Brinkmann, Winand; Bucher, Hugo; Kriwet, Jürgen (February 2016). "Permian-Triassic Osteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution". Biological Reviews. 91 (1): 106–147. doi:10.1111/brv.12161. PMID 25431138.
  2. Agnolin, F. L., Mateus O., Milàn J., Marzola M., Wings O., Adolfssen J. S., & Clemmensen L. B. (2018). Ceratodus tunuensis, sp. nov., a new lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) from the Upper Triassic of central East Greenland. Journal of Vertebrate PaleontologyJournal of Vertebrate Paleontology. e1439834
  3. Cope E.D. (1876) Descriptions of some vertebrate remains from the Fort Union beds of Montana. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, v. 1876, p. 248–261.
  4. Knight W.C. (1898) Some new Jurassic vertebrates from Wyoming: American. Journal of Science, ser. 4, v. 5, p. 186.
  5. Ceratodus elegans n. sp. aus dem Stubensandstein. P Vollrath, Jahresberichte und Mitteilungen des Oberrheinischen …, 1923
  6. elegans Vollrath 1923 (lungfish) at fossilworks.org
  7. Ostrom J.H. (1970) Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Bighorn Basin area, Montana and Wyoming: Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin, v. 35, 234 p.
  8. Kirkland J.I. (1987) Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous lungfish tooth plates from the Western Interior, the last dipnoan faunas of North America. Hunteria, v. 2, p. 1–16.
  9. Kirkland J.I. (1998) Morrison fishes. Modern Geology, v. 22, p. 503–533.
  10. Milner A.C., and Kirkland J.I. (2006). Preliminary review of the Early Jurassic (Hettangian) freshwater Lake Dixie fish fauna in the Whitmore Point Member, Moenave Formation in southwestern Utah. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, v. 37, p. 510–521.
  11. Parris D.C., Grandstaff B.S., and Banks N.T. (2011). Lungfishes from the Trinity Grop (Cretaceous) of North Texas. Texas Journal of Science, 63.
  12. Main D.J., Parris D.C., Grandstaff B.S., and Carter B. (2014). A new lungfish (Dipnoi: Ceratodontidae) from the Cretaceous Woodbine Formation, Arlington Archosaur Site, north Texas. Texas Journal of Science, v. 63, p. 283–298.
  13. Frederickson J.A., Lipka T. R., and Cifelli R.L. (2016). A new species of the lungfish Ceratodus (Dipnoi) from the Early Cretaceous of the eastern U.S.A. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. Online edition: e1136316. doi:10.1080/02724634.2016.1136316.
  14. Frederickson J.A. and Cifelli R.L. (2016) New Cretaceous lungfishes (Dipnoi, Ceratodontidae) from western North America. Journal of Paleontology.
  15. Agnolin, F. L., Mateus O., Milàn J., Marzola M., Wings O., Adolfssen J. S., & Clemmensen L. B. (2018). Ceratodus tunuensis, sp. nov., a new lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) from the Upper Triassic of central East Greenland. Journal of Vertebrate PaleontologyJournal of Vertebrate Paleontology. e1439834
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