Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal

The Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal, also known as Communipaw Terminal and Jersey City Terminal, was the Central Railroad of New Jersey's waterfront passenger terminal in Jersey City, New Jersey. It was also serviced by CNJ-operated Reading Railroad trains, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and the Lehigh Valley Railroad during various periods in its 78 years of operation.[3]

Communipaw Terminal
Former Central Railroad of New Jersey station
CNJ Terminal at Liberty State Park showing ferry slips serving boats to Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island and Liberty Island (2013)
LocationLiberty State Park
Jersey City, New Jersey
Construction
Disabled accessNo
ElectrifiedNo
Former services
Preceding station Central Railroad of New Jersey Following station
Terminus Communipaw Ferry Liberty Street
Terminus
Elizabeth
toward Phillipsburg
 Main Line Terminus
Elizabethport
toward Phillipsburg
Greenville
toward Somerville
 Somerville – Jersey City
Local
Communipaw Avenue
toward Somerville
Jackson Avenue
toward Newark
 Newark and New York Branch
Communipaw Avenue
toward Newark
Preceding station Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Following station
Elizabeth
toward Chicago
 Main Line Terminus
Elizabeth
toward Philadelphia
 Philadelphia – Jersey City
Local
Preceding station Lehigh Valley Railroad Following station
Manhattan Transfer
toward Buffalo
 Main Line
1913–1918
 Terminus
Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal
LocationLiberty State Park
Jersey City, New Jersey
Coordinates40°42′26″N 74°2′7″W
Area63 acres (25 ha)
Built1889
ArchitectWilliam H. Peddle, Peabody & Stearns
Architectural styleRichardsonian Romanesque
NRHP reference No.75001138 [1]
NJRHP No.1513[2]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPSeptember 12, 1975
Designated NJRHPAugust 27, 1975

The terminal was built in 1889, replacing an earlier one that had been in use since 1864. The terminal was one of five passenger railroad terminals that lined the Hudson Waterfront during the 19th and 20th centuries, the others being Weehawken, Hoboken, Pavonia and Exchange Place, with Hoboken being the only station that is still in use. It operated until April 30, 1967.[4]

The headhouse was renovated and incorporated into Liberty State Park. The station has been listed on the New Jersey Register of Historic Places[5] and National Register of Historic Places since September 12, 1975.[6] Additionally it is a New Jersey State Historic Site.

Description
The outdoor clock at CNJ Terminal
The concourse at Communipaw Terminal

Tha terminal is part of Liberty State Park, and along with nearby Ellis Island and Statue of Liberty recalls the era of massive immigration through the Port of New York and New Jersey. It is estimated that around 10.5 million entered the country through the station.[3][7] The area has long been known as Communipaw, which in the Lenape language means big landing place at the side of a river.[8] The first stop west of the station was indeed called Communipaw, and was not far from the village that had been established there in 1634 as part of the New Netherland settlement of Pavonia. The land on which the extensive yards were built was reclaimed, or filled. The terminal itself is next to the Morris Canal Big Basin, which to some degree was made obsolete by the railroads which replaced it. The long cobbled road which ends at the terminal (once called Johnston Avenue for a president of CNJ) is named Audrey Zapp Drive, after the environmentalist active in the creation of the park.

The main building is designed in a Richardsonian Romanesque style. The intermodal facility contains more than a dozen platforms and several ferry slips. Arriving passengers would walk to the railhead concourse and could either pass through its main waiting room, by-pass it on either side, and take stairs to the upper level. The ferry slips have also been restored though the structure which housed them has been removed, as have the tracks. The Bush-type trainsheds, the largest ever to be constructed and designed by A. Lincoln Bush, were not part of the original construction, but were built in 1914 and have not been restored.[9] The abandoned shed covered 12 platforms and 20 tracks.[10]

Service

Trackage

The terminal, along with its docks and yards, was one of several massive terminal complexes (the other being the terminals of the Pennsylvania Railroad in Exchange Place, the Erie Railroad Terminal in Pavonia, the Lackawanna Railroad Terminal in Hoboken, and the West Shore Railroad Terminal in Weehawken) that dominated the western waterfront of the New York Harbor from the mid 19th to the mid 20th century. Of the two still standing, the Hoboken Terminal (the former Lackwanna Railroad Terminal) is the only one still in use. Lines from the station headed to the southwest. Arriving at the waterfront from the points required overcoming significant natural obstacles including crossing the Hackensack River and Meadows and Hudson Palisades, and in the case of New Jersey Central, traversing the Newark Bay. For its mainline, the railroad constructed the Newark Bay Bridge to Elizabeth. Its Newark and New York Branch cut through Bergen Hill and crossed two bridges at Kearny Point. Both rights-of-way in Hudson County are now used by the Hudson Bergen Light Rail, one terminating at West Side Avenue and the other at 8th Street station in Bayonne.

Ferries and ships
Central Railroad of New Jersey's Liberty Street Ferry Terminal in New York City, ca. 1900

The Communipaw ferry constituted the main ferry route from the terminal and was operated by four ferries that crossed the North River to Liberty Street Ferry Terminal in lower Manhattan. Additional service to 23rd Street[11] was also operated until the CRNJ went bankrupt in 1945 and scrapped its ferry boats used on the 23rd street route in 1947.[12] In the early 1900s the B&O Railroad requested the CRNJ operate ferries for its luxury Royal Blue service passengers to Whitehall Terminal and this was accomplished for several years until the City of New York purchased the Staten Island Ferry from the B&O's subsidiary, the Staten Island Railway, and ended the service in 1905.[12] Until the opening of the Verrazano Narrows Bridge there was also service to Brooklyn and Staten Island[13] Other boats, among them the SS Asbury Park and SS Sandy Hook, which travelled to the Raritan Bayshore.[14]

In 1941, the CRRNJ ferryboat fleet made 374 one-way crossings of the North River each day.[15]

Railroad lines
The famed Royal Limited in 1898. This train provided luxury service between Jersey City Terminal and Washington, DC and made the journey in under 5 hours.
Map of the five train-to-ferry transfer points along the west shore of Hudson River circa 1900

Jersey Central's Blue Comet offered elaborate service to Atlantic City. The railroad's suburban trains served passengers to west and south, including the Jersey Shore. CNJ's long-distance service into Pennsylvania ran to Harrisburg, Scranton, and Mauch Chunk.[16]

The Reading Company used the terminal for its Crusader and Wall Street trains. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B&O), whose Royal Blue was a premier passenger train to Washington, DC, also had trains to Chicago and St. Louis.[16]

In April 1967 the opening of the Aldene Connection led to the end of passenger service to the station and the diverting of all remaining passenger trains to Penn Station in Newark. Since then, Hoboken Terminal has served as the main commuter rail station for Jersey City as well; it straddles the Jersey City/Hoboken line.

The timetable of 27 September 1936 shows 132 weekday departures, including 25 to CNJ's Broad St. Newark station, 25 that ran south from Elizabethport (two to Chrome and the rest to the NY&LB) and 19 Reading and B&O trains that turned southwest at Bound Brook Junction. Three trains ran to Mauch Chunk and two to Harrisburg via Allentown; the other 58 trains terminated along the main line between West 8th St in Bayonne and Hampton.

Named passenger trains

Until April 1958 several long-distance trains originated at the station, and trains to Philadelphia lasted until 1967.

OperatorsNamed trainsDestinationYear begunYear discontinued
Baltimore and OhioCapitol LimitedChicago, Illinois via Washington, D.C. and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania19231958*
Baltimore and OhioColumbianChicago, Illinois via Washington, D.C. and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania19311958*
Baltimore and OhioDiplomatSt. Louis, Missouri via Washington, D.C. and Cincinnati, Ohio1920s1958*
Baltimore and OhioMetropolitan Special (Washington Night Express from Jersey City to Baltimore, meeting with the Metropolitan Special)St. Louis, Missouri via Washington, D.C. and Cincinnati, Ohioca. 19201958*
Baltimore and OhioNational LimitedSt. Louis, Missouri via Washington, D.C. and Cincinnati, Ohio19251958*
Baltimore and OhioRoyal BlueWashington, D.C.18901958*
Baltimore and OhioShenandoahChicago, Illinois via Washington, D.C. and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania1930s1958*
Baltimore and OhioWashington Night ExpressWashington, D.C.19471952
Central Railroad of New JerseyBlue CometAtlantic City, New Jersey19291941
Central Railroad of New JerseyBulletWilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania19291931
Reading Railroad with the Central Railroad of New JerseyCrusaderPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania19371967
Reading Railroad with the Central Railroad of New JerseyHarrisburg SpecialHarrisburg, Pennsylvania19101953
Reading Railroad with the Central Railroad of New JerseyQueen of the ValleyHarrisburg, Pennsylvania19021967
Reading Railroad with the Central Railroad of New JerseyWall StreetPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania19481968
Reading Railroad with the Central Railroad of New JerseyWilliamsporterWilliamsport, Pennsylvania19311944
  • With the closing of Baltimore & Ohio passenger service north of Baltimore in 1958 the Royal Blue was abandoned and the Capitol Limited, Metropolitan Special and National Limited were terminated east of Baltimore.

Post-railroad service uses

Following the Aldene Connection's opening in 1967, the terminal sat unused but maintained and guarded by the Central Railroad of New Jersey. When CNJ shops and engine facilities nearby closed in the early 1970s, the terminal sat abandoned.

A portion of the 1968 movie Funny Girl was filmed at the terminal.[17] Numerous fairs, concerts, and other sponsored events (among them the Central Jersey Heritage Festival[18] and the All Points West Music & Arts Festival) take place at the station and its grounds. It is a very popular place from which to view July 4 fireworks. On September 11, 2001, its parking lot was the staging area for dozens of ambulances that were mobilized to transport victims of the attack.

Ferries to the Statue of Liberty National Monument, Ellis Island, and Liberty Island depart daily.[19][20] No public transport options exist between the terminal and Hudson Bergen Light Rail's Liberty State Park Station. In 2009 Rutgers University students proposed building a trolley line to the terminal building and other points in the park from the light rail station to improve access.[21]

The terminal was badly damaged by flooding during Hurricane Sandy in 2012 and was reopened in 2016.[22]

  • Bush shed at CRRNJ Terminal, the largest ever built[23]
  • CRRNJ Terminal from the water, 2013
  • The old ferry docks at the terminal
  • The upper facade of the terminal
  • The grounds on the north side of the terminal
  • A reproduction of a tablet designator for the CNJ Blue Comet
  • Memorial to the employees of CRRNJ at milepost 0[24]
  • Overview of the terminal and train sheds
  • The Terminal in 1893
  • Inside of the Communipaw Terminal
  • Map showing the terminal facility in 1910
  • Plans to extend the Hudson Tubes, which never materialized
  • Map of lines approaching Hudson Waterfront from south. The grey CNJ line from Bayonne to Elizabeth was carried by the CNJ's Newark Bay Bridge

See also

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. "New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places – Hudson County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection – Historic Preservation Office. June 2, 2011. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 5, 2010. Retrieved June 20, 2011.
  3. Jersey City Past and Present Archived February 1, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  4. http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=13290
  5. New Jersey and National Registers of Historic Places
  6. National Register of Historic Places in Hudon County
  7. LSP:The Historic CRRNJ Train Terminal, New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
  8. Indian Place names in New Jersey
  9. French, Kenneth (February 24, 2002). Images of America:Railroads of Hoboken and Jersey City. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 25–29. ISBN 978-0-7385-0966-2. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
  10. Karnoutsos, Carmela (September 16, 2009). "Jersey City Past and Present". New Jersey City University. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved November 21, 2009.
  11. http://www.historic-structures.com/nj/jersey_city/train_engine_terminal2.php
  12. Railroad Ferries of the Hudson: And Stories of a Deckhand, by, Raymond J. Baxter, Arthur G. Adams, pg. 55 ,1999, Fordham University Press, 978-0823219544
  13. French, Kenneth (2002). Images of America:Railroads of Hoboken and Jersey City. USA: Arcadia Publishing. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-7385-0966-2.
  14. French, Kenneth (2002). Images of America:Railroads of Hoboken and Jersey City. USA: Arcadia Publishing. pp. 25–29. ISBN 978-0-7385-0966-2.
  15. "article". Railroad Magazine: 41. November 1941.
  16. "Intercity passenger trains serving New York via New Jersey terminals in 1942, 1956, and 1971 immediately prior to the creation of Amtrak". New York's Passenger Trains of the Past. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
  17. McKelvey, Bill (March 21, 2018). "NJ Transportation Chronology". Liberty Historic Railway. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
  18. Website memorial to the past Jersey Central Heritage Festivals
  19. Ferry map
  20. The Historic CRRNJ Train Terminal
  21. Kaulessar, Ricardo (September 6, 2009). "Trolley through Liberty State Park?". Hudson Reporter. Hoboken. Retrieved May 30, 2010.
  22. http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2016/06/iconic_rail_terminal_in_liberty_state_park_set_to.html
  23. http://www.state.nj.us/dep/parksandforests/parks/liberty_state_park/liberty_crrnj.html
  24. "Central Railroad of NJ Employees". The Historical Marker Database.
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