Celadet Bedir Khan

Celadet Bedir Khan or Celadet Bedirkhan (Kurdish: Celadet Alî Bedirxan ,جەلادەت عالی بەدرخان‎;[1][2] 26 April 1893 – 1951), also known as Mîr Celadet, was a Kurdish diplomat, writer, linguist, journalist and political activist. He held a master's degree in law from Istanbul University, completed his studies in Munich, and spoke several languages including Arabic, Kurdish, Russian, German, Turkish, Persian and French. He left Turkey in 1923 when the Kemalists declared a new republic. In 1927, at a Kurdish conference held in Beirut, a committee was formed, the Xoybûn. He is known for having been the first modern linguist to compile and organise the grammar of the modern form of the Northern Kurdish language, Kurmanji, and having designed the Latin-based Hawar alphabet, which is now the formal alphabet of Kurmanji and is also frequently used for the other dialects of the Kurdish Language, having replaced the Arabic-based, Cyrillic-based, Persian-based and Armenian-based alphabets formerly used for Kurmanji.

Celadet Bedir Khan
Born26 April 1893
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire
DiedJuly 15, 1951 (aged 58)
Damascus, Syria
OccupationDiplomat, writer, linguist, journalist, political activist.
NationalityKurdish

Life

Celadet was born to Emin Ali Bedir Khan, son of the last emir of the Bohtan Bedir Khan Beg, and the Circassian Senihe Hanım. Sources differ as to his birthplace: according to Kurdish sources he was born in a suburb of Istanbul, Turkey; however, according to Encyclopædia Britannica, he was born in Syria. He held a master's degree in law from Istanbul University, completed his studies in Munich, and spoke several foreign languages including Arabic, Kurdish, Russian, German, Turkish, Persian and French.

In 1919, Celadet and his brother Kamuran Ali Bedirxan accompanied British officer Edward Noel in his travels through Iraq. Noel was assessing the possibility of the creation of an official nation of Kurdistan.[3] Mustafa Kemal was aware of these activities and subsequently, in 1923, the two brothers were sentenced to death.[4]

Bedir Khan brothers: Kamuran (1895– 1978), Sureyya (1883–1938), and Celadet

Ali Badirkhan left Turkey for Egypt in 1923 when the Ankara Government declared the new republic.[4] In 1927, at a conference of Kurdish nationalists held in Beirut, a committee was formed, the Xoybûn, to coordinate the movement. Celadet Ali Badirkhan was elected as the first president of this committee.[5] Three years later, the Xoybûn became involved in the Kurdish independence movement in Ağrı Province, called Republic of Ararat. After the defeat of the Ararat movement, he moved to Iran. Reza Shah Pahlavi, King of Iran, tried to persuade him to stay away from Kurdish nationalist movement, and offered him a consulate job, but had him expelled from the country when he did not agree. Then he moved to Iraq, but the British did not want him to stay, and he finally moved to Syria in 1931, where he lived his remaining two decades in exile.

After the defeat of Kurdish nationalist movements in Turkey, Iraq and Iran, he devoted himself to the Kurdish cultural issues. During his last years, he faced severe economic problems, and worked as a farmer. Celadet died in 1951 Damascus, as he was involved in a traffic accident.[4]

Work

His work in exile concentrated on a Latin alphabet for the Kurdish language. In 1931, he published the Kurdish grammar book Bingehên rêzimana Kurdî (or Bingehên gramera kurdmancî). The French authorities in Syria permitted his publishing of a Kurdish-oriented cultural magazine, Hawar, beginning on 15 May 1932. It was initially bi-monthly, and primarily in Kurdish, with three or four pages per issue in French. Although the first 23 issues, from 1932 to 1935, were published using the Arabic alphabet, his principal purpose was the further development and spread of the Latin-based alphabet he had developed for northern Kurdish (i.e., Kurmanji), and issues 24 to 57, from 1941 to 1943 (monthly), were published in the standard Latin-based Kurdish alphabet, also known as the "Bedirxan script". It is still used by Kurds in Turkey and Syria. And it is still used for Zazaki and Kurmanji and partly Sorani in Kurdistan Regional Government. From 1942 until 1945, he published a separate monthly journal named Ronahî, comprising 28 issues. In 1970, the French translation of his book on Kurdish grammar was published in France.

Personal life

In 1935 he married his cousin, Rewşen Bedirxan (also known as Rewşen Xanim). He had two children from this marriage, Cemşîd and Sînemxan.

His daughter Sînemxan, lives as of 2005 in Baghdad; she has written several books on Kurdistan's history.

Books
  • Nivêjên Êzidiyan (The prayers of Yazidis)
  • Ji Mesela Kurdistanê (About the Kurdistan Problem), in Hawar journal, vol.45
  • Elfabêya Kurdî û Bingehên gramera kurdmancî (Kurdish Alphabet and The Basics of Kurmanji Grammar)
  • Bedir Khan, Djeladet Ali & Lescot, Roger, Grammaire kurde: (dialect kurmandji), Paris: J. Maisonneuve, (Librairie d'Amerique et d'Orient), 1991 (also Paris: Maisonneuve, 1970).

References
  1. Celadet Alî Bedirxan. "Kurd û welatê wan Kurdistan". Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  2. "زمان مەرجی مرۆڤبوونە". ANF (in Kurdish). Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  3. "Jeladet Bedir Xan (1893-1951) | Kurdish Academy of Language". www.kurdishacademy.org. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
  4. Özoğlu, Hasan (2004). Kurdish notables in the Ottoman Empire. State University of New York Press. p. 101.
  5. Strohmeier, Martin (2003). Crucial Images in the Presentation of a Kurdish National Identity. Leiden: Brill. p. 95. ISBN 90-04-125841.

Bibliography
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