Bosna (river)

The Bosna (pronounced [bɔ̂sna]; Serbian Cyrillic: Босна) is the third longest river in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is considered one of the country's three major internal rivers, along with the Neretva and the Vrbas; the other three major rivers of Bosnia and Herzegovina are the Una, to the northwest, the Sava, to the north, and the Drina, to the east. It is the namesake of Bosnia. The river Bosna flows for 282 kilometers (175 mi).[1]

Bosna
The Bosna River flowing through Zenica.
Course of the Bosna (interactive map)
Native nameBosna
Location
CountryBosnia and Herzegovina
CitiesVisoko, Kakanj, Zenica, Maglaj, Zavidovići, Doboj, Modriča, Bosanski Šamac
Physical characteristics
SourceVrelo Bosne
 • locationIgman, Ilidža, Bosnia and Herzegovina
 • coordinates43°49′6.6″N 18°16′11.9″E
MouthSava
 • location
Bosanski Šamac, Bosnia and Herzegovina
 • coordinates
45°4′0″N 18°28′1″E
Length281.6 km (175.0 mi)[1]
Basin size10,810 km2 (4,170 sq mi)[1]
Discharge 
 • average174 m3/s (6,100 cu ft/s)
Basin features
ProgressionSava→ Danube→ Black Sea
The source of the Bosna river on the outskirts of Sarajevo.

The river is possibly mentioned for the first time during the 1st century AD by Roman historian Marcus Velleius Paterculus under the name Bathinus flumen.[2][3][4] Another basic source that are associated with the hydronym Bathinus is the Salonitan inscription of the governor of Dalmatia, Publius Cornelius Dolabella, where it is said that the Bathinum river divides the Breuci from the Osseriates.[5] And also by the name of Basante. According to philologist Anton Mayer the name Bosna could be derived from Illyrian Bass-an-as(-ā) which would be a diversion of the Proto-Indo-European root *bhoĝ-, meaning "the running water".[6]

Course and tributaries

The Bosna River also makes up the Bosna River Valley, the country's industrial center and home to close to a million people, as well as the location of several major cities. The river's biggest tributaries are the Željeznica, Miljacka, Fojnička, Lašva, Gostović, Krivaja, Usora, and Spreča rivers.

Its source is at the spring Vrelo Bosne, at the foothills of the Mount Igman, on the outskirts of Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The spring is one of Bosnia and Herzegovina's chief natural landmarks and tourist attractions. From there, the Bosna flows northwards, through the heart of Bosnia, eventually becoming a right tributary of the Sava River in Bosanski Šamac. The Bosna flows through a number of cantons. From its starting point in the Sarajevo Canton, it flows through Zenica-Doboj Canton, Doboj Region, and Posavina Canton, in that order. On its way north the River Bosna also passes through the cities of Visoko, Zenica, Maglaj, Doboj, Modriča and Bosanski Šamac.

References
  1. "Sava River Basin Analysis Report" (PDF, 9.98 MB). International Sava River Basin Commission. September 2009. p. 13. Retrieved 2018-05-18.
  2. Šašel Kos, M.; P. Kos. "Places: 197162 (Bathinus (river))". Pleiades. Retrieved January 22, 2017.
  3. Salmedin Mesihović (2014). Ilirike. Sarajevo: Filozofski fakultet u Sarajevu. p. 80.
  4. Velleius Paterculus, Historia Romana 2.114.4.6 http://latin.packhum.org/loc/1044/1/131/1509-1516
  5. Salmedin Mesihović (2010). Aevvm Dolabellae – Dolabelino Doba. XXXIX. Sarajevo: Centar za balkanološka ispitivanja, Akademija nauka i umjetnosti. p. 10.
  6. Indira Šabić (2014). Onomastička analiza bosanskohercegovačkih srednjovjekovnih administrativnih tekstova i stećaka (PDF). Osijek: Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera. p. 165.
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