Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

BSNL provides both fixed line telephones and mobile telephony services on GSM and CDMA platforms.

BSNL Mobile is a major provider of GSM network under brand name CellOne all over India. It has wide network coverage in both urban and rural areas of India. It has over 120.42 million customers across India.[6]

BSNL Mobile offers prepaid, postpaid services and value-added services such as Free Phone Service (FPH), India Telephone Card (Prepaid card), Account Card Calling (ACC), Virtual Private Network (VPN), Tele-voting, Premium Rate Service (PRM). It also offers the IPTV which enables customers to watch television through the Internet and Voice and Video Over Internet Protocol (VVoIP).[11]

BSNL Landline was launched in early 1990s. It was the only fixed-line telephone serving for whole country before the New Telecom Policy was announced by Department of Telecom in 1999. Only the Government-owned BSNL and MTNL were allowed to provide land-line phone services through copper wire in India. BSNL Landline is the largest fixed-line telephony in India. It has over 10.41 million customers and 49.34% market share in India.[6]

BSNL is the fourth largest ISP in India, with having presence throughout the country. It also has the largest fibre-based telecom network in India around 7.5 lakh kilometers among the four operators in the country.[12]

BSNL Broadband provides a complete telecom services solution to enterprise customers including MPLS, P2P and Internet leased lines. It provides fixedline services and landline using CDMA technology and its own extensive optical fiber network. BSNL provides Internet access services through dial-up connections as prepaid, NetOne as Postpaid and DataOne as BSNL Broadband.[13][14]

Bharat Fiber (FTTH) was launched in February 2019. It offers TV over IP (IPTV), Video On-Demand (VoD), Audio On-Demand (AoD), Bandwidth On-Demand (BoD), Remote Education, Video Conferencing Services, Interactive Gaming, Virtual Private LAN services. BSNL said that, its huge optic fiber network provides fix access to deliver high speed internet ranging from 256 kbit/s to 100 Mbit/s.[15][16]

On 16 August 2018, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited has launched "BSNL Wings Services" in 22 telecom circles. In which, there is no need of SIM card or cable wiring as is a VoIP service through an app.[17] It offers unlimited free calling for one year throughout India.[18]

BSNL is primarily divided into three verticals

• BSNL - Consumer Fixed Access (CFA), wire line and broadband business
• BSNL - Consumer Mobility (CM), wireless business, primarily 3G GSM services. WLL services which were widely deployed are being phased out
• BSNL - Enterprise Business, Enterprise customers on turnkey basis
• Other than these three verticals, there are electrical wings and civil wings which takes care of real estate monetization also.

Horizantally, BSNL is divided into a number of administrative units, variously known as: telecom circles, metro districts, project circles and specialized units. It has 24 telecom circles, two metro districts, six project circles, four maintenance regions, five telecom factories, three training institutions and four specialized telecom units.[19] Each circle is being headed by the Chief General Manager(CGM) who is an officer of Indian Telecom Service(ITS). The organisational structure of BSNL is as follows: Chief General Manager being the head of the Circle who is the officer of HAG+ level, assisted by three or four Principal General Manager(PGM) who is the officer of grade HAG.The districts over a circle is being headed by the designations as General Manager officer of grade of SAG who looks over around two to four districts, while where the connections are less and the smaller district is being headed by Telecom District Manager(TDM) Officer of the grade of JAG and Telecom Divisional Engineer(TDE) officer of STS grade, all the officers above the post of TDE(including TDE) are of Group A and they are the officers of grade of Indian Telecom Service(ITS) directly or promotive. Then the Group B consists of Additional Divisional Engineer, Sub Divisional Engineer and Junior Telecom officer and then the organisation has Group C and D employees.

In July 2017, BSNL had a cyber attack which affected south India, especially Karnataka, when a malware affected Telco's broadband network using a modem having default passwords.[23] This virus reportedly affected 60,000 modems and blocked internet connectivity. Later BSNL issued an advisory notice to its broadband customers, urging them to change their default router username and passwords.