Anelloviridae

Anelloviridae is a family of viruses. They are classified as vertebrate viruses and have a non-enveloped capsid, which is round with isometric, icosahedral symmetry and has a triangulation number of 3.

Anelloviridae
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: incertae sedis
Kingdom: incertae sedis
Phylum: incertae sedis
Class: incertae sedis
Order: incertae sedis
Family: Anelloviridae
Genera

The type species is torque teno virus (genus Alphatorquevirus), discovered in 1997.[1]

The name is derived from Italian anello 'ring', referring to the circular genome of anelloviridae.

Genome

The genome is not segmented and contains a single molecule of circular, negative-sense, single-stranded DNA. The complete genome is 3000–4000 nucleotides long.[2] The genome has ORFs and a high degree of genetic diversity.[3]

Although the mechanism of replication has not been studied heavily, anelloviridae appears to use the rolling circle mechanism. It requires a host polymerase for replication to occur but the genome itself does not encode for a viral polymerase and, as a result, anelloviridae must replicate inside the cell's nucleus.[4]

Clinical

Anellovirus species are highly prevalent and genetically diverse. They cause chronic human viral infections that have not yet been associated with disease. At least 200 different species are present in humans and animals.[5]

Three genera are associated with human infections: Torque teno virus (TTV), Torque teno midi virus (TTMDV) and Torque teno mini virus (TTMV).

References
  1. Vasilyev EV, Trofimov DY, Tonevitsky AG, Ilinsky VV, Korostin DO, Rebrikov DV (2009). "Torque Teno Virus (TTV) distribution in healthy Russian population". Virology Journal. 6: 134. doi:10.1186/1743-422X-6-134. PMC 2745379. PMID 19735552.
  2. ICTVdB Management (2006). 00.107.0.01. Anellovirus. In: ICTVdB—The Universal Virus Database, version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia University, New York, USA
  3. Viralzone
  4. Viralzone
  5. Bernardin F, Operskalski E, Busch M, Delwart E (May 2010). "Transfusion transmission of highly prevalent commensal human viruses". Transfusion. 50 (11): 2474–2483. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2010.02699.x. PMID 20497515.
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