Climbing gourami

The Anabantidae are a family of ray-finned fish within the order Anabantiformes commonly called the climbing gouramies or climbing perches.[2] The family includes about 34 species. As labyrinth fishes, they possess a labyrinth organ, a structure in the fish's head which allows it to breathe atmospheric oxygen. Fish of this family are commonly seen gulping at air at the surface of the water. The air is held in a structure called the suprabranchial chamber, where oxygen diffuses into the bloodstream via the respiratory epithelium covering the labyrinth organ. This therefore allows the fish to move small distances across land.

Climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) on land

Climbing gourami
Temporal range: 26–0 Ma
Late Oligocene to Recent
Anabas testudineus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Anabantiformes
Suborder: Anabantoidei
Family: Anabantidae
Bonaparte, 1831[1]
Genera

see text

Genera

There are four extant genera within the family Anabantidae:[2]

There is also at least one extinct genus known:[3]

Of the four genera, Anabas is found from South Asia (they are called (Tamil: பனையேறி கெண்டை (Panaieri Kendai) chemballi (Malayalam: urulan sugu/Karippidi) in Kerala, kau (odia) in Odisha, India, kawaiya in Sri Lanka,Bangla: কই মাছ (koi mach), east to China and Southeast Asia. The remaining three genera are all restricted to Africa. They are primarily freshwater fishes and only very rarely are found in brackish water. Parental care is varied; Anabas and Ctenopoma simply abandon their eggs, Microctenopoma species produce bubblenests like their relatives in the Osphronemidae, and Sandelia lays their eggs on the substrate.

Climbing gouramis are so named due to their ability to "climb" out of water and "walk" short distances. Even though it has not been reliably observed, some authors have mentioned about them having a tree climbing ability. Their method of terrestrial locomotion uses the gill plates as supports, and the fish pushes itself using its fins and tail.

References
  1. Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (2): 001–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
  2. Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2019). "Anabantidae" in FishBase. August 2019 version.
  3. Feixiang Wu; Desui Miao; Mee-mann Chang; Gongle Shi & Ning Wang (2017). "Fossil climbing perch and associated plant megafossils indicate a warm and wet central Tibet during the late Oligocene". Scientific Reports. 7 (878): 878. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-00928-9. PMC 5429824. PMID 28408764.
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