Ammonium phosphate

Ammonium phosphate is an ammonium salt of orthophosphoric acid. It is a highly unstable compound with the formula (NH4)3PO4. Because of its instability, it is elusive and of no commercial value. A related "double salt", (NH4)3PO4.(NH4)2HPO4 is also recognized but is too unstable for practical use. Both triammonium salts evolve ammonia. In contrast to the unstable nature of the triammonium salts, the diammonium phosphate (NH4)2HPO4 monoammonium salt (NH4)H2PO4, are stable materials that are commonly used as fertilizers to provide plants with fixed nitrogen and phosphorus.[2]

Ammonium phosphate[1]
Names
IUPAC name
ammonium phosphate
Other names
triammonium phosphate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.709
EC Number
  • 269-789-9
UNII
Properties
(NH4)3PO4
Molar mass 149.09 g/mol
Appearance White, tetrahedral crystals
58.0 g/100 mL (25 °C)
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS Signal word Warning
GHS hazard statements
 H302, H319
P264, P270, P280, P301+312, P305+351+338, P330, P337+313, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g. waterHealth code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g. chloroformReactivity code 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
0
2
0
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298)
 −1671.9 kJ/mol
Related compounds
Other cations
 Trisodium phosphate
Tripotassium phosphate
Related compounds
 Diammonium phosphate
Monoammonium phosphate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Preparation of triammonium phosphate

Triammonium phosphate can be prepared in the laboratory by treating 85% phosphoric acid with 30% ammonia solution:

H3PO4 + 3 NH3 → (NH4)3PO4

(NH4)3PO4 is a colorless, crystalline solid. The solid, which has the odor of ammonia, is readily soluble in water. The salt converts to diammonium hydrogen phosphate (NH4)2HPO4.

See also

References
  1. Lide, David R. (1998). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 4–42, 5–19. ISBN 978-0-8493-0594-8.
  2. Schrödter, Klaus; Bettermann, Gerhard; Staffel, Thomas; Wahl, Friedrich; Klein, Thomas; Hofmann, Thomas (2008). "Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3.


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